Incoterms国际贸易术语中英文对照解释全Word文档格式.docx
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Incoterms国际贸易术语中英文对照解释全Word文档格式.docx
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respectiveobligations and reducestherisk oflegalplications、
ICCwould liketoexpress itsgratitude tothemembersofthe mission, chaired byFabioBortolotti (Italy),totheDraftingGroup,whichprisedCharlesDebattista(Co—Chair,France),JensBredow(Germany),JohnnyHerre (Sweden), DavidLwee(UK),Lauri Railas (Finland),FrankReynolds(US),andMiroslavSubert(Szech Republic),andtoAskoRaty (Finland)for assistancewiththe images depictingthe11rules、
INTRODUCTION
The Incoterms®
rules explainasetofthree-lettertradeterms reflectingbusiness—to-business practiceincontractsfor the saleofgoods、 TheIncoterms®
rules describemainly thetasks, costsandrisks involvedin thedeliveryofgoodsfromsellersto buyers、
Howtousethe Incoterms®
2010rules
1、IncorporatetheIncoterms®
2010rulesintoyourcontract ofsale
Ifyou wanttheIncoterms®
2010 rules toapplytoyour contract,youshouldmake thisclear inthe contract,through suchwordsas,“[thechosenIncotermsruleincludingthe named place,followed by]Incoterms®
2010”、
2、 ChoosetheappropriateIncoterms rule
ThechosenIncotermsruleneeds tobeappropriatetothe goods,to themeansoftheirtransport, andabovealltowhether thepartiesintendto putadditionalobligations,forexample suchas theobligationtoorganizecarriageorinsurance,onthe selleroron thebuyer、TheGuidanceNotetoeach Incotermsrulecontainsinformationthatisparticularlyhelpfulwhenmakingthischoice、Whichever Incotermsruleischosen,theparties shouldbeaware theinterpretationoftheircontractmaywellbeinfluenced bycustomsparticulartotheportor place beingused、
3、Specifyyourplaceor portas preciselyaspossible
The chosenIncotermsrule canwork onlyifthe partiesnameaplaceorport,and willworkbestifthepartiesspecify theplace orportas preciselyaspossible、
Agood exampleofsuchprecision wouldbe:
:
“FCA 38 Cours Albert1er,Paris,FranceIncoterms2010”、
UndertheIncotermsrule
Ex Works(EXW),
FreeCarrier(FCA),
DeliveredatTerminal(DAT),
Deliveredat Place(DAP),
DeliveredDuty Paid(DDP),
Free AlongsideShip(FAS),
and FreeonBoard(FOB),
thenamedplaceistheplacewheredeliverytakesplaceand
whereriskpassesfromthesellertothebuyer、
UndertheIncotermsrule
CarriagePaidto(CPT),
CarriageandInsurancePaidto(CIP),
CostandFreight(CFR)
Cost,Insurance andFreight(CIF),
The named placediffersfromtheplace ofdelivery、 UnderthesefourIncotermsrules,thenamed placeistheplaceofdestinationto which carriage ispaid、
Indicationsastoplaceor destinationcanhelpfullybefurtherspecified bystatingaprecisepointin that placeor destinationinordertoavoiddoubt orargument、
4、Rememberthat Incoterms rulesdonotgiveyouaplete contractof sale
Incotermsrules dosaywhichpartytothesalecontracthastheobligationtomake carriageorinsurancearrangements,whenthesellerdeliversthegoodstothe buyer,andwhichcostseachpartyisresponsiblefor、
Incotermsrules,however, saynothingabout thepricetobepaidorthe methodofits payment、Neither dotheydealwiththetransfer ofownershipofthegoods,orthe consequencesofa breachofcontract、These mattersarenormallydealtwiththroughexpressterms inthe contractofsale orin thelawgoverningthatcontract、 Thepartiesshould be awarethatmandatory locallaw mayoverrideanyaspectof the sale contract,includingthe chosen Incotermsrules、
Mainfeaturesof the Incoterm2010 rules
1.TwonewIncotermsruls– DAT andDAP –havereplaced theIncoterms2000rulesDAF,DES DEQandDDU、
ThenumberofIncoterms ruleshas beenreducedfrom13to11、
Thishasbeenachieved by substitutingtworulesthat maybeusedirrespectiveofthe agreedmodeoftransport-DAT,DeliveredatTerminal,andDAP,DeliveredatPlace— fortheIncoterms 2000rules DAF, DES,DEQand DDU、
Underbothnew rules,delivery occursatanameddestination:
inDAT,atthebuyer’sdisposal unloadedfrom thearrivingvehicle(asunderthe formerDEQrule);
in DAP, likewise at thebuyer’sdisposal, butreadyforunloading(asundertheformer DAF, DESand DDUrules)、
ThenewrulesmaketheIncoterms 2000 rules DESandDEQsuperfluous、ThenamedterminalinDATmaywellbeinaport,andDATcanthereforesafelybeused incaseswheretheIncoterms2000rule DEQoncewas、Likewise,thearriving“vehicle"
under DAPmaywell beaship andthenamedplaceofdestinationmay wellbeaport:
consequently,DAP cansafelybeusedin caseswheretheIncoterms2000ruleDESoncewas、 Thesenewrules,liketheir predecessors,are“delivered”,withtheseller bearingallthecosts(otherthanthose related toimport clearance,where applicable)andrisks involvedin bringingthegoods tothe namedplaceofdestination、
2、Classificationofthe11Incoterms®
2010 rules
The11Incoterms®
2010rulesarepresentedintwodistinct classes:
RULES FOR ANYMODEORMODES OF
TRANSPOTR
EXWEXWORKS
FCAFREE CARRIER
CPT ﻩCARRIAGE PAIDTO
CIPCARRIAGE ANDINSURANCEPAIDTO
DATDELIVEREDATTERMINAL
DAPﻩDELIVEREDAT PLACE
DDPﻩDELIVEREDDUTYPAID
ﻮ
RULESFORSEAANDINLANDWATERWAYTRANSPORT
FASﻩFREE ALONGSIDESHIP
FOBﻩFREEONBOARD
CFRCOSTANDFREIGHT
CIF COSTINSURANCEANDFREIGHT
Thefirst classincludes theseven Incoterms®
2010rulesthatcanbeusedirrespectiveofthe modeof transport selectedand irrespective of whetherone ormore thanonemodeoftransportisemployed、EXW, FCA,CPT, CIP, DAT,DAP andDDP belongtothis class、 They canbeusedevenwhen thereisnomaritimetransportatall、Itis importanttoremember, however,thattheserulescanbeusedin caseswhere ashipisusedforpart ofthecarriage、
Inthesecondclass of Incoterms®
2010rules,thepointofdelivery andtheplacetowhichthegoodsarecarriedtothebuyerarebothports, hencethelabel“seaandinlandwaterway”rules、FAS, FOB,CFRandCIF belongtothisclass、Under the lastthreeIncotermsrules,allmention oftheship'
srail as the pointof deliveryhasbeen omittedinpreferenceforthe goods beingdeliveredwhentheyare“on board”thevessel、Thismorecloselyreflectsmodernmercialrealityandavoids therather datedimageoftheriskswingingtoand froacross animaginaryperpendicular line、
3、Rulesfordomesticandinternationaltrade
Incoterms rules havetraditionallybeenusedininternationalsale contracts where goods passacrossnationalboarders、Invarious areasoftheworld,however,tradeblocs,liketheEuropeanUnion,have made borderformalitiesbetweendifferent countrieslesssignificant、Consequently,thesubtitleoftheIncoterms®
2010 rulesformallyrecognizethat they are availablefor applicationtoboth internationalanddomesticsalecontracts、 Asaresult,theIncoterms®
2010rulesclearlystateinanumberof places thatthe obligationtoply with export/importformalities existsonlywhereapplicable、
Twodevelopments havepersuaded ICCthatamovement inthisdirection is timely、Firstly,traders monlyuseIncotermsrulesforpurelydomesticsale contract、Thesecondreason is the greaterwillingnessin the Unites StatestouseIncoterm rulesindomestictraderather thantheformerUniformmercialCodeshipment anddeliveryterms、
4、Guidance Notes
BeforeeachIncoterms®
2010ruleyouwill findaGuidanceNote、TheGuidanceNotesexplainthefundamentalsofeachIncotermsrule,suchaswhenitshouldbe used,whenriskpasses,andhow costs areallocatedbetweensellerandbuyer、TheGuidanceNotesare not partof theactual Incoterms®
2010 rules,but areintendedtohelp theuseraccurately andefficiently steer towardstheappropriateIncoterms rulefor a particulartransaction、
5、Electronicmunication
PreviousversionsofIncotermsrules havespecified thosedocumentsthatcouldbe replaced byEDImessages、ArticlesA1/B1oftheIncoterms®
2010rules,however,nowgiveelectronicmeansofmunicationthesameeffectas papermunication,as longasthepartiesso agreeorwherecustomary、Thisformulationfacilitates theevolutionofnewelectronicprocedures throughout thelifetimeof theIncoterms®
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