语法Word文件下载.docx
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语法Word文件下载.docx
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Ifhumanshadbeenlessgreedyandcruel,morebirdsandanimalscouldsurvive.
Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.
3.Had过去分词,
Were+主语+to+动词原形,主句主语+
Shoulddo+动词原形,
would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
would/should/could/might+动词原型
(如果从句中含有were/had/should,可省去if,将句子倒装,即将were/had/should提到主语前。
HadIpersuadedhimnottodoso,hewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.
Werethesuntoriseinthewest,Iwouldfollowyou.
Shouldwehavenoelectricity,societywouldbecomeparalyzed.
4.主语+suggest/advise/insist/...+that+从句主语+(should)+动词原型...
(虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议、命令、主张等动词后的宾语从句中。
常用的这类动词有:
suggest/advise/insist/ask/request/require/demand/desire/order/command/recommend/maintain/hold/move/stipulate/provide/rule等。
Hesuggeststhatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.
Myfatherwasstrict.HerequestedthatInotwatchtelevisiononweeknights.
Sheinsistedthattheworstpartoflifeiswaitingandthebestpartoflifebehavingsomeoneworthwaitingfor.
Iadvisedthathebesenttothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathefeltquitewellthen.
5....thesuggestion/advice//insistence/...+that+从句主语+(should)+动词原形
(虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议、命令、主张等名词后的同位语或表语从句中。
常用的这类名词有:
suggestion/proposal/advice/insistance/request/decision/requirment/demand/desire/order/command/maintainance/recommendation等。
Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.
Hemadethesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)bepostponed.
Theproposalthathe(should)beinvitedwasrejected.
Theirdemandisthattheirwages(should)beincreased.
6.Itis/was+suggested/advised/insisted/...+that+从句主语+(should)+动词原形
(虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议、命令、主张等过去分词后的主语从句中。
常用的这类过去分词有:
suggested/proposed/advised/insisted/asked/requested/required/demanded/desired/ordered/commanded/maintained/recommended等。
Itisdemandedthathe(should)resignasmanagerimmediately.
Itwasrequiredthattheproject(should)beputoffbecauseitwasunreasonable.
7.Itis/was+necessary/important/...+that+从句主语+(should)+动词原形
(虚拟语气用于表示必须、要紧、急迫等形容词后的主语从句中。
常用的这类形容词有:
necessary/important/essential/urgent/advisable/proper/natural/vital/imperative/desirable/possible/incredible/probable/amazing/surprising/astonishing等。
Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediatemeasures(should)betaken.
Withthesocietydevelopingveryfast,it’squiteurgentthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.
8.Without/With/Butfor+名词短语,
Butthat+从句,+主语+
...,otherwise
would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
(虚拟语气用于含蓄虚拟条件句。
Andwhenitrainsonyourparade,lookupratherthandown.Withouttherain,therewouldbenorainbow.
Withalittlemoretrainingandabettermanager,Nelsoncouldhavewonthegame.
Butfortherescueteam,wewouldhavediedintheflood.
–Welldone,boy!
--Thanks.Butgivenmoretime,Icouldhavedoneitbetter.
Hedidnotpasstheentranceexam,otherwisehewouldhavebeenstudyingattheuniversity.
9.Itisapity/shame/nowonder/...+that+从句主语+(should)+动词原形
(虚拟语气用于表示遗憾、惊奇等名词后的主语从句中。
It’sapitythatsheshouldmissthechance.
Itisashamethatheshoulddeceivethatpoorlittlegirl!
It’snowonderthatweshouldbepresentatthediscussion.
10....forfearthat/incase/lest+从句主语+should+动词原形
(虚拟语气用于forfearthat/incase/lest引导的目的状语从句中。
常译为:
“以防…”、“以免…”。
Wespokeinwhispersforfearthatweshouldwakethebaby.
DoctorSmithtakeshisfirstaidboxwithhimeverywhereduringthefloodincaseitshouldbeusedtocurethewounded.
Lestyoushouldnothaveheardall,Ishallbeginatthebeginning.
1.主语+wish+that+从句主语+
were/动词过去式(对现在情况的假设)
had+过去分词(对过去情况的假设)
would/could/might+动词原型(对将来情况的假设)
(虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中,常译为:
“但愿……”或“……就好了”。
SometimesIwishIwerelivinginadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.
IwishIcouldremaincalmfacingtheenemy.
HowIwishmyfamilyhadalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
were/动词过去式
12....asif/though+从句主语+had+过去分词
would/could/might+动词原型
(虚拟语气用于asif/though引导的方式状语从句中。
常译为“好像…”。
Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
Thesoncriessadly,asifyouweregoingawayforgood.
–Howdoesyourpartneractinthegame?
--Sheactsasifshewereanexpert.
13.Itis(about/high)time+that+从句主语+were/动词过去式
(虚拟语气用于该句型表示早该做而未做的事,常译为:
“该是…的时候了”。
Itistimethatwesettledeverythingforhim.
It’shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment.
14.Ifonly+主语+had+过去分词
(虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句。
“要是…就好了”。
Ifonlywestudentsdidn’thavesomuchhomework!
IfonlyIhadhadmoremoneythen,Icouldhaveboughtabettercar.
LookatthetroubleIamin!
IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice.
15.Suppose/Supposing+主语+
were/动词过去式,
had+过去分词,
would/could/might+动词原型,
(虚拟语气用于Suppose/Supposing后的宾语从句。
“假如…”
SupposeyouweregivenachancetostudyinAmerica,wouldyouaccept?
SupposingyoumetLiYuchunnow,whatwouldyousaytoher?
16.主语+wouldrather/wouldprefer+主语+
had+过去分词
(虚拟语气用于wouldrather/wouldassoon/wouldsooner/wouldprefer后的宾语从句。
“希望…”、“宁愿…”。
Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.
Iwouldhavewantedthatyoupostedtheletterrightaway.
I’dpreferyouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase,wecouldspendmoretimetogether.
--I’mgoingtoseemybossandtellhimmyplan.
--I’dratheryoudidn’t.
主谓一致。
1.Manya(morethanone)+N单,动词为单数。
2.单数名词或代词作主语,其后跟有with等引导的词作定语时,谓语动词为单数。
作定语常用的短语有,with,togetherwith,alongwith,like,aswellas,inadditionto,nolessthan,
Theteacher,togetherwithherpupils,comesintotheclassroomwithasmile.
3.pairof谓语动词与pair一致。
如aportionof,aseriesof,akindof+N,谓语动词用单数。
4.临近一致。
Therebe(therelive,stand,lie,appear,seem,remain,exist…)及变体,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,either…or.
5.and连接两个带有each等定语的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Each,every,manya,no,
6.两个并列主语在意义上表示同一个人或事物,动词用单数。
Cf.thesingeranddancer
aknifeandfork
7.名词性从句或非谓语动词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
8.集体名词。
Cattle,police,poltry.
9.不定代词,用单数,如,each,one,either,neither,little,alittle,much,something,
复数,both,few.
All,none.Allgoeswell.
Allhavepassedthefinalexam.
10.the+adj.表示同一类人,用复数,表示某以抽象概念或品质,用单数。
Thericharenotalwayshappy.
Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoallofus.
11.事件,国名,机构名称,书名的名词作主语时,位于动词用单数。
Unitednations,Unitedstates.
3非谓语动词的用法:
三种:
不定式,动名词和分词。
不定式1做主语,既可位于句首,又可用先行词it作形式主语,尤其当主语较长,谓语动词为被动语态时。
Itisdifficulttosolvesuchacomplicatedproblem.
2作宾语。
能以不定式而不以动名词作宾语的词。
afford,agree,aim,ask,beg,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,fail,fear,happen,hope,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,try,volunteer,want.
某些不定式和动名词在动词后作宾语时可替换:
attempt,begin,bother,cease,hate,intend,like,love,prefer,start,promise.
4.不定式作介词宾语:
主要是except,but。
如果句子中的except或者but之前有实意动词do的限定形式或非限定形式,其宾语为不带to的不定式。
wouldrather…than…than后要接省to的不定式。
ItwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebuttocallinthepolice.
IfeltsoembarrassedthatIcouldnotdoanythingbutsittherewhenIfirstmetmypresentboss.
Asamatteroffact,theywouldratherleaveforBeiJingthanstayinShangHai.
不定式作状语。
目的状语:
inorderto,soasto.
Tobecomeateacherinahighschool,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster’sdegree.So…asto,
结果状语。
Igottothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.
方式状语。
通常由asif/asthough引导。
Hestoodupasiftoleave.
作宾语补足语。
常用动词。
表示思维活动的动词。
accept,acknowledge,admit,affirm,assume,believe,consider,find,suppose,think.
Iconsiderhimtobemybestfriend.
V+it+adj./N+todo/that
Ithinkitapitythathecannotcome.
Ifinditnecessarytoanswerthequestion.
表示命令、建议、要求、允许、意愿的动词。
advise,allow,ask,beg,command,direct,dislike,expect,invite,intend,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,teach,tell,want,warn,wish.
WeformallyinvitedtheGeneralManageroftheHopeGrouptoattendourOpeningCeremony.
某些使役动词。
cause,compel,drive,enable,enforce,get,lead,
Iamgoingtogetmyfiendtodrivemetotheairport.
不定式做形容词补语。
Iamsorrynottohavemetyouattheairport.
Iamsorrytohaveyouwaitinghereforalongtime.
Itissaidthathehasbeenabroad.
Heissaidtohavebeenabroad.
BasketballisknowntohavebeeninventedinAmerica.
做独立成分。
Totellthetruth,
Tobebrief,tobeexact,tobefrank,tobesure,tobeginwith,toconclude,tosumup,totellthetruth.
不定式的时态。
Thepowerstationisreportedtobebuilt(build)withinthreeyears.
某些动词,如wish,hope,intend,mean,plan以及be动词的过去式后面跟一个不定式的完成时,可以表示并未实现的行为。
Iwastohavereturnedyouthebook,butIwastoobusyyesterday.
动名词。
动名词作宾语。
以动名词作宾语,常见的动词有:
acknowledge,admit,advise,anticipate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,dread,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,p
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