Unit 6.docx

Unit 6.docx

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Unit6

Unit6

WorkingHardorHardlyWorking?

I.Introduction

Nowadays,peopleworklongerhoursthantheyusedto,butaretheyreallyworkingharderthaneverbefore?

Thetextgiveustheansweris“no”.Mostofthemspendextra,unproductivetimeattheofficebecausetheiremployersencouragethemtodoso,believingthatthemoretimeapersonspendsatwork,themoresheorheaccomplishes.However,theconnectionbetweentimeandproductivityisnotalwayspositive.

II.NewWords

Readthevocabularyandphrase,trytomastertheirmeanings.

III.Outline

Giveafewminutestoreadthetextandthinkaboutthesequestions,andthentrytocatchthemainideaofthetextfinishexerciseP107.2,3.

1）Whoseemtoworkharder,peoplenoworinthepast?

（employees,inthepastPara1.thefirstsentence）

2）Dotheyreallyworkharder?

Howdoyouknow?

（No.ThroughtheexamplegivenbyPara1&lastsentence）

3）Isitrightthatthemoretimeapersonspendsatwork,themoresheorheaccomplishes?

（No.Para2.thefirstsentence）

4）Whyareemployeesworkinglongerhoursnowthaneverbefore?

（Para3）

5）Domostpeoplebelievemoretimemeansmorework?

（Yes）

6）Dopeopleworklonghoursonlyformoney?

（Para5.ononehand;ontheotherhand）

Fivepartsinthetext:

Para1Americansseemtobeworkinghardertodaythanbefore.

Para2Theconnectionbetweentimeandproductivityisnoalwayspositive

Para3Employeeshavetospendmoretimeontheirjobbecauseemployersoftenconsidertheamountoftimeonthejobinadditiontojobperformance.

Para4Employersbelievethatiftheemployeesstayatworklater,theymayactuallydomorework,whichmayencourageotheremployeestospendmoretimeatword,too.

Para5Peopledonotworklonghoursonlyformoremoney.

IV.LanguagePoints

1.hard:

adv.withgreateffort,energyorconcentration

hardly:

adv.almostno

Tryhardtosucceed.

Lookhardatthispicture.

There’shardlyanycoalleft.

Hehardlyevergoestobedbeforemidnight.

2.compare“employee”with“employer”

employee:

n.personwhoworksforsborforacompanyinreturnforwage.

employer:

n.personorcompanythatemploysothers

Thesuffix“—ee”,whenaddedtoaverb,usuallymeansapersonwhoisinaparticularstate.

Thepayee（=someoneispaid）

Atrainee（=someoneisbeingtrained）

3.findout:

learn（sth）bystudyorinquiry

Canyoufindoutwhattimethetrainleaves?

Iwon’ttellyou–youmustfindoutforyourself.

4.writedown:

putsthdowninwordsonpaper

Writedowntheaddressbeforeyouforgetit.

5.attheendof:

atthelastpartof

attheend:

finished

intheend:

atlast;finally

Hetriedmanydifferentjobs;intheendhebecameapostman.

Thetaskwasfinishedattheendof1995.

Thefilmwasattheend.

6.discover:

v

1）findorlearnabout（aplace,fact,etc）forthefirsttime

I’vediscoveredasuperrestaurantnearhere!

Ineverdiscoveredhowtostarttheengine.

ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica.

2）cometoknoworrealize.（esp.passive）

Didyoueverdiscoverwhodidit?

Wediscoveredthatourluggagehadbeenstolen.

7.spendtimedoingsth

Spendalotoftimeonexplainingaplan.

He’sspentmostofhislifeworkingforthesamecompany.

8.themore/less…themore/less…:

usedtoindicatethattheincrease/decreaseintheamountordegreeofonethingaffectstheincrease/decreaseintheamountordegreeofanother这一结构表示两个事物或现象在程度上同样增加或减少，可译为“越….越”.

1）Manypeoplebelievethatthemoretimeapersonspendsatwork,themoresheorheaccomplishes.

许多人认为,一个人在工作上花的时间越多,成绩就越大

2）Themorecarbonthesteelcontains,theharderandstrongeritis.

钢的含碳量越高,强度和硬度就越大

3）Themorebooksyouread,thewideryourknowledgeis.

书读的越多,知识就越渊博

9.accomplish:

v.succeedindoing（sth）;completesuccessfully;achieve

accomplishone’saim/atask.

Wetriedtoarrangeapeacebutaccomplishednothing.

finish:

reachtheendof

Whendoyoufinishyourhomework?

Ihaven’tfinishedreadingthatbookyet.

10.falloff:

decreaseinquantityorquality

Attendanceatmylectureshasfallenoffconsiderably.

Itusedtobemyfavoriterestaurantbutthestandardofcookinghasfallenoffrecently.

11.inadditionto:

asanextraperson,thingorcircumstance

Inadditiontothenamesonthelisttherearesixothercandidates.

InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondforeignlanguage.

12.so（adv）that:

somodifiedadv/adj

so+adj/advthat:

withtheaimthat;inorderthat

Sheworkedhardsothateverythingwouldbereadyby6o’clock.

Hehassoorganizedhislifethathiswifesuspectsnothing.

such+n…..that:

tothespecifieddegree（ofimportant,worth,etc）

ItwassuchaboringspeechthatIfellasleep.（such+n）

13.searchout:

findsb/sthbysearching

Iwanttosearchoutanoldschoolfriend.

We’vesearchedoutsomeofyoufavoriterecipes.

parable:

adj.ableorsuitabletobecompared

Theachievementsofanathleteandawriterarenotcomparable.

15.not:

英语中有些否定句形式上否定谓语动词,意义上却是否定其他成分

1）not+think,believe,suppose,imagine…+that—clause

在这种句式中,not从宾语从句的谓语动词的前面转移到了主句谓语动词think,believe,suppose等的前面

I’msorry,butIdon’tthinkIknowyou.对不起,我想我并不认识你

Idon’tbelievehe’llcome.我想他是不会来的

这类句子后面的反意疑问句更能准确的说明not的否定范围

Idon’tthinkyou’vemetXiaoWang,haveyou?

我想你没碰见过小王,对吗?

2）not…because（of）

这种结构中的not否定的是后面because引导的从句或becauseof引起的介词短语.也就是说,not从because（of）的前面转移到了主句或整个句子的谓语动词的前面.

HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.

他并不只是因为亚里士多德说过某事如何如何,就轻易相信他

Ididn’ttakearaincoatbecauseitwasraining.

我不是因为下着雨才带雨衣的

3）not…+动词不定式或介词短语

在这类结构中,我们实际上是将否定后面不定式的not转移到了谓语动词上

Jackdoesn’tseemtolikeyou.（=Jackseemsnottolikeyou.）

杰克看来不喜欢你

Hedidn’ttaketheboyfromthetrackstosafetytowinhisownfame,buttobenefittheboy’sparents.

他把男孩从铁轨上抱到安全地带,不是为了获得个人名誉,而是为了孩子的父母

Hedidn’tcomeherebytrain.他不是乘火车来的

16.suchas:

like;forexample

It’soneofthosegourmetshopsthatsellssuchthingsassmokedsalmon,coffeebeansandexpensivebiscuits.

17.morethan:

与形容词、副词或动词连用时表示强调,可译为“非常”、“最”、“极为”

Somehandicappedpeoplemaybeunabletogooutatallandavisitorismorethanwelcome.

有些残疾人可能根本不能外出,这时若有客人来访,便是最受欢迎不过的了

Hemorethankeepshispromise.他非常守信

Theyweremorethangladtohelp.他们非常乐意帮忙

Thismorethansatisfiedme.这使我非常满意

18.once:

fromthemomentthat

Onceyoushowanyfear,hewillattackyou.

Onceprinted,thisdictionarywillbeverypopular.

V.Summary

Asshownbyarecentsurvey,Americansworklongerhoursandtakeshortervacationsthantheydidin1979.Thoughmoretimeonthejobdoesn’tnecessarilymeangreaterefficiency.Inspiteofthis,peoplestillworkextrahourssimplybecausetheyhopetobepromotedbytheiremployers.Head-huntersofacompanyalsotendtobelieveintheseemingtruththatmoretimeleadstomotework.However,itshouldbenotedthatthisattitudetowardworkdoesvaryfrompersontopersonandfromonecircleofsocietytoanother.

Exercise7

1.appear:

v.givetheimpressionofbeingordoingsth;seem显得,好象

apparent:

adj.clearlyseenorunderstood;obvious明显,显然,易懂

apparently:

adv.accordingtoappearances;asitseems看来,似乎

2.product:

n.stateorthingthatistheresultofsth产物

production:

n.actofmanufacturingespinlargequantities制造,生产（大批量）

productive:

adj.abletoproducegoodsorcrops生产性的,多产的

productivity:

n.stateofbeingproductive生产力,生产能力

3.effect:

n.changeproducedbyanactionorcause;result效应,结果,后果

effective:

adj.haveaneffect有效的,产生预期效果的

effectively:

adv.inaneffectiveway;ineffect有效地,实际上

4.satisfy:

v.makecontented使满足,满意

satisfaction:

n.feelingofcontentmentfeltwhenonehasorachieveswhatoneneedsordesires满意,满足

satisfactory:

adj.goodenoughforapurpose满意的,满足的

TextBStress

I.Introduction

Thepassageisaboutstress.Ibelieveeveryonewillfeelstressatsometime,forexample,whiletakingexaminations,doingheavywork,tryingtogetalongwithsomepeople,etc.Stressisanormalpartinourlives.Butwheredoesstresscomefrom?

Accordingtotheauthor,stressdoesnotcomefromaneventitself,butitcomesfromthemeaningwegivetowhathashappened.Thatistosay,whetherornotwefeelstresseddependsonhowwefeelaboutwhathashappened.Inthispassagetheauthorgivesussomeadviceastowhattodoifwefeelstressed.

II.Questions

AboutexerciseP114.2

III.Outline

Para1Mostpeoplefeelstressatsometimeintheirlives.Stress,however,isanormalpartoflife.

Para2-5Stressdoesn’tcomefromaneventitself,itcomesfromthemeaningwegivetowhathashappened.

Para6-9Ifwefeelstressed,thereareseveralthingsthatwecando.

ReadingSkills:

TheDifferenceBetweenEnglishandChinesePunctuation

EnglishPunctuation

Symbol/Name

ChinesePunctuation

Symbol/Name

.

Periodorfullstop

。

句号

?

Questionmark

？

问号

!

Exclamation

！

惊叹号

comma

，

逗号

;

semicolon

；

分号

:

colon

：

冒号

““‘‘

Quotationmarks

“”‘’

引号

____

dash

——

破折号

…..

ellipsis

…….

省略号

-

hyphen

无

‘

apostrophe

无

（）

brackets

（）

括号

N/A

《》

书名号

N/A

、

顿号

Somepunctuationsymbolsarethesameinthetwolanguageswhilesomearenot.

1.冒号“：

”英语中的冒号一般只用来对主句（或短语、同位语、项目表等）进行说明、引申、解释等等，汉语除有上述相似用法外，更多用于直接引语的说明及一般函件的开头语。

Theyearisdividedintofourseasons:

spring,summer,autumnandwinter.

一年分为四季：

春、夏、秋、冬。

2．逗号“，”在英语中，引起直接引语的说明以及一般函件开头的称呼语等一类用语后都用逗号，而不象汉语那样用冒号（但美国用冒号）。

Hesaid,“Imadeamistake.”他说：

“我犯了个错误。

”

3．省略号“...”英语的省略是三个实心的小圆点，位于一行的下方。

如果是位于陈述句末则还要加上一个小实心圆点。

英语etc不能和省略号连用而汉语则可以。

汉语的省略号是六个分开的实心小圆点，位于一行的正中，句尾不能再加其他标点符号。

Hethought,andthought,andthought...他想啊，想啊，想啊......

正:

Thereisapen,twoapples,threeoranges