考研英语阅读资料Word格式.docx
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考研英语阅读资料Word格式.docx
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考研英语阅读资料@#@考研英语阅读资料@#@ @#@@#@考研英语阅读资料@#@对于英语,我们需要把陌生的单词片语和句型不断的熟悉和熟练,使之成为我们的一种习惯,把它变成我们的第二天性。
@#@因此,重复重复再重复,熟练熟练再熟练,是学会英语的不二法门。
@#@下面是给大家整理的一些考研英语阅读的学习资料,希望对大家有所帮助。
@#@考研英语阅读经典试题及答案Oneofthesimplestandbestknownkindsofcrystalistheionicsalt,ofwhichatypicalexampleissodiumchloride,orordinarytablesalt.Thefundamentalcomponentsofanionicsaltareions:
@#@atomsormoleculesthathavebecomeelectricallychargedbygainingorlosingonemoreelectrons.Informingsodiumchloride,forexample,sodiumatomsgiveupanelectron(therebybecomingpositivelycharged)andchlorineatomsgainanelectron(therebybecomingnegativelycharged).Theionsareattractedtooneanotherbytheiroppositecharges,andtheystacktogethercompactly,liketightlypackedspheres.Recently,scientistsatMichiganStateUniversitycreatedanewkindofcrystalcalledanelectride.Inelectrides,theanions(negativeions)arecompletelyreplacedbyelectrons,whicharetrappedinnaturallyformedcavitieswithinaframeworkofregularlystackedcations(positiveions).Electridesarethefirstexamplesofionicsaltsinwhichalltheseanionicsitesareoccupiedsolelybyelectrons.Unlikeothertypesofanions,anionicelectronsdonotbehaveasiftheyweresimplechargedspheres.Inparticular,becauseoftheirlowmassandtheirtendencytointeractwithoneanotherovergreatdistances,theycannotbe“pinneddown”toanyonelocation.Instead,theywanderclosetoandamongtheatomsliningthecavityandinteractwithelectronsinnearbycavities,perhapschangingplaceswiththem.Thepropertiesofanelectridedependlargelyonthedistancebetweenthecavitiesthatholdtrappedelectrons.Whenthetrappedelectronsarefarapart,theydonotinteractstrongly,andsobehavesomewhatlikeanarrayofisolatednegativecharges.Whentheyareclosertogether,theybegintodisplaypropertiesassociatedwithlargeensemblesofidenticalparticles.Whentheyarestillcloser,theensemblepropertiesdominateandtheelectrons“delocalize”:
@#@theyarenolongertightlyboundwithinindividualcavitiesbutaremoreorlessfreetopassthroughthespaceswithintheframeworkofpositiveions.Bysynthesizingelectridesfromavarietyofmaterials,onecanvarythegeometryoftheanioniccavitiesandtheirrelationtothesurroundingcations.Theresultingpropertiesmaymakeitpossibleforelectridestobecomeabasisforeconomicallyusefulnewmaterialsanddevices.Forinstance,becausetheelectronsinsomeelectridesareveryweaklybound,thesecrystalscouldbeeffectiveasphotosensitivedetectors,inwhichanimpingingphotonliberatesanelectron,resultinginasmallelectriccurrent.Thesameweakbindingcouldalsomakeelectridesusefulinsolarenergyconvertersandascathodesinbatteries.Oneobstacleisthetendencyofelectridestodecomposethroughreactionwithairandwater.Researchersareseekingwaystoincreasetheirstability.1.Thetextisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing[A]awaytoisolateelectrons.[B]thecharacteristicsofanewkindofcrystal.[C]thestructureofanionicsalt.[D]commercialusesforelectrides.2.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith[A]introducingavariantonthestandardatomictheory.[B]describinghowchlorineatomscanbecomenegativelycharged.[C]describingsomeearlyresearchatMichiganStateUniversity.[D]providingbackgroundforthetechnicaldiscussiontofollow.3.Accordingtothetext,thedefiningcharacteristicofanelectrideiswhichofthefollowing?
@#@[A]Itspositiveareofparticularlylowmass.[B]Itsionspossessidenticalelectricalcharges.[C]Itcontainsaframeworkofregularlystackedions.[D]Itsnegativeionsconsistsolelyofelectrons.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatanionsbehavingas“simplechargedspheres”(line2,paragraph3)couldbeexpectedto[A]readilyloseelectronsandbecomepositivelycharged.[B]movefreelyinandoutoftheircavities.[C]respondtophotonsbyliberatingelectrons.[D]remainfixedrelativetotheircations.5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingelectrideswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?
@#@[A]Theyhaveproventhemselvestobeofgreatcommercialvalue.[B]Theirfuturecommercialvalueispromisingbutuncertain.[C]Theyareinterestingbutofnopracticalvalue.[D]Theyhavecommercialvaluemainlyinsolarenergyapplications.考研英语真题Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileos17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchofpoetWilliamBlakesharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;@#@andTheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciencesobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNewsWorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Thetermantisciencecanlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”考研英语阅读理解精选法律类GOINGBACKANDGETTINGITRIGHTByalmosteverymeasure,PaulPfingstisanunsentimentalprosecutor.LastweektheSanDiegoCountydistrictattorneysaidhefullyintendstotrysuspectCharlesAndrewWilliams,15,asanadultfortheSantanaHighSchoolshootings.Evenbeforethetragedy,PfingsthadstoodbehindthecontroversialCalifornialawthatmandatestreatingmurdersuspectsasyoungas14asadults.SonobodywouldhavewageredthatPfingstwouldalsobethefirstD.A.intheU.S.tolaunchhisveryownInnocenceProject.YetlastJune,PfingsttoldhisattorneystogobackoveroldmurderandrapeconvictionsandseeifanyunravelwithnewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.Inotherwords,hewantedtorevisitpastvictories--thistimeplayingfortheotherteam.Ithinkpeoplemisunderstandbeingconservativeforbeingbiased,saysPfingst.Iconsidermyselfapragmaticguy,andIhavenointerestinputtinginnocentpeopleinjail.AroundtheU.S.,flabbergasteddefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclientscheeredhismove.Amongprosecutors,however,therewasanawkwardpause.Afterall,eachDNAtestcostsasmuchas$5,000.Thentherestheunspokenrisk:
@#@ifdozensofinnocentsturnup,theD.A.willhaveindictedhisshop.Butninemonthslater,nobudgetshavebeenbustedorprosecutorsousted.Onlytherarecasemeritsreview.Pfingststeamconsidersconvictionsbefore1993,whenthecitystartedroutineDNAtesting.Theydiscardcasesifthedefendanthasbeenreleased.Ofthe560remainingfiles,theyhavere-examined200,lookingforcaseswithbiologicalevidenceanddefendantswhostillclaiminnocence.Theyhaveidentifiedthreesofar.Themostcompellinginvolvesamanserving12yearsformolestingagirlwhowasplayinginhisapartment.Butotherswerethereatthetime.Policefoundasmalldropofsalivaonthevictimsshirt--toosmallasampletotestin1991.Todaythatspotcouldfreeaman.Testresultsaredueanyday.InspiredbySanDiego,10othercountiesintheU.S.arestartingDNAaudits.ByAmandaRipleyeznciscosijevicrtwell;@#@LisaMcLaughlin;@#@JosephPierro;@#@JoshTyrangielandSoraSong注
(1)本文选自Time;@#@03/19/2001,Vol.157Issue11,p62,1p,2c,3bw注
(2)本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text1.1.HowdidPfingstcarryouthisownInnocenceProject?
@#@[A]Bygettingridofhisbiasagainstthesuspects.[B]Byrevisitingthepastvictories.[C]ByusingthenewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.[D]Byhiscooperationwithhisattorneys.2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeanadvantageofInnocenceProject?
@#@[A]Tohelpcorrectthewrongjudgments.[B]Toousttheunqualifiedprosecutors.[C]Tomaketheprosecutorsinanawkwardsituation.[D]Tocheerupthedefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclients.3.Theexpression“flabbergasted”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans_______.[A]excited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4.WhywasPfingstanunsentimentalprosecutor?
@#@[A]Heintendedtotryafifteen-yearoldsusp
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