版高考英语一轮语法专题复习讲练第五讲 介词.docx
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版高考英语一轮语法专题复习讲练第五讲 介词.docx
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版高考英语一轮语法专题复习讲练第五讲介词
第五讲 介 词
一、高考中高频介词
in,on,at,between,among,for,after,before,through,across,with,without,about,since,from,as,like,into,besides,except,bythroughout,frombehind,becauseof,accordingto,inspiteof,inadditionto...
二、介词考点透析
1.介词
介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组结构表示词语间语义关系的词类。
就其构成来说,可分为:
简单介词(about),复合介词(within),双重介词(bymeansof),分词介词(including)。
2.after,in的用法
after,in都可与终止性动词连用,用于将来时态。
但after后接时间点,in后接时间段。
如:
(1)Comeandseemeintwoorthreedays'time.
两三天后来看看我。
(2)I'mbusynow.Iwillgotoseeyouafterseventonight.
我现在正忙着,今晚七点后我再来看你。
3.besides,except,but,butfor,exceptfor的用法
(1)Yourcompositionisgoodexcept_forsomespellingmistakes.(exceptfor除去……,指整体中除去部分)
你的作文写得很好,就是有几处拼写错误。
(2)Thewindowisneveropenedexceptinsummer.(except除去……)
除了夏天,这个窗户从未开过。
(3)But_foryourhelp,Icouldn'thavepassedtheexamination.(butfor要不是,表虚拟条件)
要不是你的帮助,我就不能通过考试。
(4)Ihavefewfriendsbutyou.(but除……外,没有……)
除了你,我没什么朋友。
(5)Ihavequiteafewfriendsbesidesyou.(besides除……外,还有……)
除了你,我还有几个朋友。
4.as,with的用法
as,with都有“随着……”之意。
as为连词,后接从句;with为介词,后接名词或名词短语。
如:
(1)Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.
随着白天过去,天气变得更糟了。
(2)Withtheproductionupby60%,thecompanyhadanotherexcellentyear.
随着产量上升了60%,公司又收获了一个好年景。
5.as,like的用法
as指身份、资格,意为“作为”,like用于说明相似关系,即两者在形态或特性上有相似之处,但并不等同。
如:
(1)Likemoststudents,shewasalwayspreparedandnevercametoclasslate.
像许多学生一样,她总是做好预习,上学从不迟到。
(2)Asthechiefengineer,youshouldanswerforthisterribleaccident.
作为总工程师,你应该为这次事故负责。
6.but/except/besides/in与that引导的宾语从句
一般介词后不能跟that引导的宾语从句,只有在but,except,besides,in后才偶然见到that引导的宾语从句(inthat...意为“在……方面”、“既然……”)。
如:
(1)Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheissometimeslateforschool.
他是个好学生,只不过有时会迟到。
(2)Weasknothingfromyoubutthatyoushouldtrytobeausefulmantothesociety.
我们对你无所求,只是你应该努力做个对社会有用的人。
(3)Hediffersfromhisbrotherinthathelooksfartheraheadinhiswork.
他与他哥不同的是他在工作中看得更远些。
7.with的用法
(1)Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?
(和……一起)
你愿意和我一起去看电影吗?
(2)Temperaturevarieswiththetimeoftheyear.(随着)
一年中时间不同,气温也不同。
(3)Awaiterarrivedwithacupoftea.(携带,带来,带走)
服务员带来一杯茶。
(4)Shewastremblingwithfear.(指原因或理由)
她怕得发抖。
(5)with+宾语+宾语补足语
如:
①Withtimepassing,theyhavebecomemoreexperienced.
随着时间的流逝,他们变得更有经验了。
②Shelayinthechairwithhereyesclosed.
她双眼紧闭,躺在椅子上。
③Withalltheproblemssolved,wecouldhaveagoodrest.
所有的问题都解决了,我们可以好好休息一下了。
8.without的用法
without表示“如果没有”,常隐含虚拟条件。
句中如有without,需特别注意句中的动词形式。
此外还需注意without的词汇意义,不要误用。
如:
Iwouldn'thaveenteredthisfamousuniversitywithoutyourhelp.Thankyouverymuch.
没有你的帮助,我不能考入这所名牌大学。
非常感谢!
9.常考的固定搭配
at
daybreak/dawn/sunrise/noon/dark/night/work/table/most/least/present/agreatspeed/
adistance/thecostof/apriceof/themercyof/aloss
against
thelaw/thecurrent/disease/thewall/thewindow
by
air/bike/boat/bus/car/letter/post/plane/telephone/train/land/sea/nature/accident/chance/mistake/comparison/control/description
for
example/good/nothing/convenience/short/fear/sale
in
surprise/wonder/alarm/terror/horror/delight/fact/reality/nature/return/tears/rags/ruins/practice/short/brief/sum/general/public/particular/case/advance/detail/pain/despair/person/ahurry/aflash/thepast/
moderntimes/ancienttimes/allaspects/chargeof/
memoryof/searchof/needof/caseof/honorof
of
value/importance/use/nouse/significance/
help/benefit
on
duty/holiday/leave/business/purpose/time/sales/show/fire/request/record/strike/schedule/avisitto/theboard/thedecline/alargescale/one'sown/secondthought
outof
breath/control/question/sight/pity/season/fashion/date/friendship/love/mercy/order/work/curiosity
to
one'sjoy/surprise/pleasure/astonishment/sorrow/delight/regret/disappointment/puzzle/credit
under
construction/control/repair/discussion
with
thepurposeof/theviewof/one'sowneyes/relief
♨温馨提示:
对固定搭配中介词的考查是语法填空的常考热点,因此多记固定搭配不仅有助于提高写作水平,而且可提高语法填空的得分率。
Ⅰ.用适当的介词填空。
1.Aftergraduation,Ibecameacitizenworkinginacity.________thefirstcollegegraduateoutofaremotevillage,mysuccesssetanexampletomyfolks.
2.Thebrotherssuccessfullyreceivedapatent(专利)in1906________theirFlyingMachine.
3.Modernairplanestodayareverydifferent________thefirstFlyingMachine.
4.Itwasremarkablehowacommunitylostsomuchandwasstillabletorecover,andthisleftthedeepestimpression________thestudents.
5.In1783hestartedcomposingpoetry________atraditionalstyleusingtheAyrshiredialectofScots.
6.Boss,onlyonepersonissellingwatermelon,$1.2perkg,and$10________10kg.
7.Whentheyclimbedupthetable,therewerealargepieceofbread,fruitandcheese________it.
8.Now,ninetyyearslater,thereareascoreofBerryschoolsinthearea,________atotalofoveronethousandstudentsandawaitinglistofaboutfivethousand.
9.Heexplainswhycreditcardhasbeencharged________thereservation.
10.Theman________thefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.
11.Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt________alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.
12.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect________thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit.
13.Thenewboylookedattheteacher________afewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedwhattheboywoulddo.
14.Ididn'twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn'tlikeleavinghim________hisowneither.
15.Afterconsideringthisphenomenon,IdecidedIwasgoingtochangethewayIgoton________others.
16....andonedoesn'tneedtohaveanear________musictonoticetheirlackoftalent.
17....hasahistorydatingbackover1,000years,anditsfamouscastlehasbeenthere________aboutthe8thcentury.
18....itpushesupinanirregularway,makingyourbreathcomeoutdifferently________howitnormallydoes.
19.Therabbitdug________hours,andwitheverynewholethedogcomplainedevenmoreabouthowdifficultthiswas,evenfortherabbit.
20.Thisreportpointstoalackofopportunitiesforgirlsandwomenineducationandwork,whichcontributes________theirpovertyandlackofpower.
21.Theyrecentlyboughtaudiphonesforfourorphans________hearingproblemsandsmalltaperecordersforthreeblindchildren.
22.PoliceofficialshavesaidthatatleastfifteenpeoplehavediedafterthesightseeingboatIlinden,________50Bulgariantouristsonboard,sankinalakeinwesternMacedonia.
23.Duringonevisit________thePacificIslandsofTonga,aspeciallyprepareddinnerwasarrangedinherhonor.
24.Iwonderedwhohewantedtogivethedoll______.SoIwalkedtowardshimandaskedhimallaboutit.
25.Besides,youwillexperiencesomestressandanxietywhenyouarelivinginadifferentculturewithdifferentvalues________yourown.
26.“Oh,”hethoughtforawhileandthentookoutatenyuannote________hiswallet.
27.Iwon'tcomeback________midnight,soit's________toyoutogeteverythingdone.
28.Thisshopwillbeclosedforrepairs________furthernotice.
29.Graduationisagoodtimetothankthosewhohavehelpedyou________thetoughyears.
30.Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare________it.
31.Theathlete'syearsofhardtrainingpaid________whenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.
32.Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheairconditioningsystembroke________.
33.It'ssurprisingthatyourbrotherpicked________Russiansoquickly-hehasn'tlivedthereverylong.
34.Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcanset________preparingyourbusinessplan.
35.I'vegot________thehabit________callingmymother________myway________school.
Ⅱ.请在空格处填入一个适当的介词。
Mr.Brownwasgoingaway1.________aweek.Beforeheleft,hesaidtohisson,“Ifanyoneasks2.________me,youcantellhimthatyourfatherhasbeenout3.________doingsomething,andwillbeback4.________aweek,thenbesuretoaskhimtositdown5.________acupoftea.”
“OK,Dad,”saidhisson.Buthewasafraidhissoncouldn'trememberthis,hewrotethesewordsdown6.________apieceofpaperandgaveit7.________him.Hissonputit8.________hissmallpocket,tookitoutandlooked9.________iteverynowandthen.
Fourdayspassed,butnoonecametoseehisfather.Theboythoughtthattherewasnomantocomeandthatthepieceofpaperwas10.________nomoreuseforhim,soheburntitthatevening.
Thenextafternoon,someoneknocked11.________thedoor.Theboyopenedit.Amanwasstanding12.________thedoorandsaid,“Whereisyourfather?
”Theboyputhishandintohispocket13.________onceandlooked14.________thepieceofpaper.Hecouldnotfindit.Hesuddenlyrememberedhehadburntit,soheshouted,“Nomore.”
Themanasked15.________surprise,“Nomore?
Imetyourfatherlastweek.Whendidithappen?
”
介词强化训练答案
Ⅰ.1.As 2.for 3.from 4.on/upon 5.in 6.for 7.on
8.with 9.for 10.at 11.at 12.for 13.for 14.on
15.with 16.for 17.since 18.from 19.for
20.to 21.with 22.with 23.to 24.to 25.from 26.from 27.until/till;up 28.until 29.through
30.against 31.off 32.down 33.up 34.about
35.into;of;on;to
Ⅱ.1.for 2.for 3.for 4.in 5.for 6.on 7.to
8.into 9.at 10.of 11.at 12.at 13.at 14.for 15.in
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