考研英语一试卷真题后附答案详解.docx
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考研英语一试卷真题后附答案详解.docx
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2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?
Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!
"_____
(1)helpingyoufeelcloseand_____
(2)topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa_____(3)ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_____(4)gettingsickthiswinter.
Inarecentstudy_____(5)over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_____(6)theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing_____(7)tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome_____(8)withacold,andtheresearchers_____(9)thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_____(10)about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect._____(11)amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_____(12).
"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe_____(13)riskforcoldsthat'susually_____(14)withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie,Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelp_____(15)thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp_____(16)difficulty."
Someexperts_____(17)thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"_____(18)itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit_____(19)inthebrain,whereit_____(20)mood,behaviorandphysiology.
1.A.Besides
B.Unlike
C.Throughout
D.Despite
2.A.equal
B.restricted
C.connected
D.inferior
3.A.view
B.Host
C.lesson
D.choice
4.A.avoid
B.forget
C.recall
D.keep
5.A.collecting
B.affecting
C.guiding
D.involving
6.A.on
B.in
C.at
D.of
7.A.devoted
B.attracted
C.lost
D.exposed
8.A.along
B.across
C.down
D.out
9.A.imagined
B.denied
C.doubted
D.calculated
10.A.served
B.Restored
C.explained
D.required
11.A.Thus
B.Still
C.Rather
D.Even
12.A.defeats
B.symptoms
C.errors
D.tests
13.A.Highlighted
B.increased
C.controlled
D.minimized
14.A.Presented
B.equipped
C.associated
D.compared
15.A.assess
B.Generate
C.moderate
D.record
16.A.inthenameof
B.intheformof
C.inthefaceof
D.inthewayof
17.A.attribute
B.commit
C.transfer
D.return
18.A.unless
B.because
C.though
D.until
19.A.remains
B.emerges
C.vanishes
D.decreases
20.A.experiences
B.combines
C.justifies
D.influences
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.
Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:
WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.
Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:
EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.
Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:
Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto
[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.
[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.
[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.
[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.
[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.
23.Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto
[A]quieter.
[B]cheaper.
[C]wider.
[D]faster.
24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis
[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.
[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.
[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebest titleforthetext?
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution
[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes
Text2
“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.
AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.
Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.
TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.
26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates
[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.
[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.
[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.
27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto
[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.
[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.
[C]itsreligiousimplications.
[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.
28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause
[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.
[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.
[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.
[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.
29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatp
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