小学英语知识系统总结Word格式文档下载.docx
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小学英语知识系统总结Word格式文档下载.docx
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附表一
26个字母
顺序
归类读音
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMm
NnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz
[ei]
[i:
]
[ai]
[u]
[ju:
[e]
[a:
A[ei]
E[i:
I[ai]
O[u]
U[ju:
HJ[dei]K[kei]
[eit]C[si:
]D[di:
]G[di:
]P[pi:
]T[ti:
]V[vi:
B[bi:
Y[wai]
W[dblju:
Q[kju:
]L[el]M[em]N[en]S[es]X[eks]
Z[zed]F[ef]
附表二
48个音标
国
际
音
标
48
个
元音
20个
单元音12个
][i][e][][a:
][][:
][u][u:
][]
双元音8个
[ei][ai][i][i][][u][au][u]
辅音
28个
清浊成对的辅音10对
[p][t][k][f][s][][][t][tr][ts]
[b][d][][v][z][][][d][dr][dz]
单个辅音8个
[m][n][][l][r][h][w][j]
附表三
元音字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音
例词音节
字母
开音节
闭音节
a
[ei]cake,table
★have[]
[]bag,hat
★what,want[]
e
]she,these
[e]pen,bed
i
[ai]kite,bike
★give[i]
]ship,big
★child[ai]
o
[u]no,nose
★come,some[]
[]hot,dog
★son[]
u
]use,student
★blue,ruler[u:
[]but,cup
★put[u]
附表四
常见元音字母组合在单词重读音节中的读音
ar
ea
or
ou
ow
ear
car
farm
[:
warm
meat
clean
bread
ready
great
[i]
idea
horse
sport
worker
world
[au]
cloudy
about
could
would
[u:
group
yellow
window
know
snow
grow
now
how
brown
hear
dear
near
earth
early
[]
pear
附表五
名词单数变复数
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
词尾加s
bike—bikes
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词
加es
glass—glasses,box—boxes
以辅音字母+y结尾的词
去y加ies
city—cities
以f,fe结尾的词
去f,fe加ves
shelf—shelves,knife—knives
以o结尾的词
多数加es
tomato—tomatoes
不规则的词
man—men,woman—women,child—children
附表六
代词的变化
人称
数
分类
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
I
you
he,she,it
we
they
宾格
Me
him,her,it
us
them
物主代词
形容词性
my
your
his,her,its
our
their
名词性
mine
yours
his,hers,its
ours
theirs
指示代词
this,that,these,those
疑问代词
who,whose,what
不定代词
some,any,every,many,much
附表七
基数词与序数词
数字
基数词
序数词
缩写
1
one
★first
1st
11
eleven
eleventh
11th
21
twenty-onr
2
two
★second
2nd
12
twelve
★twelfth
12th
29
twenty-nine
3
three
★third
3rd
13
thirteen
thirteenth
13th
30
thirty
4
four
fourth
4th
14
fourteen
fourteenth
14th
40
forty
5
five
★fifth
5th
15
fifteen
fifteenth
15th
50
fifty
6
six
sixth
6th
16
sixteen
sixteenth
16th
60
sixty
7
seven
seventh
7th
17
seventeen
seventeenth
17th
70
seventy
8
eight
★eighth
8th
18
eighteen
eighteenth
18th
80
eighty
9
nine
★ninth
9th
19
nineteen
nineteenth
19th
90
ninety
10
ten
tenth
10th
20
twenty
★twentieth
20th
100
onehundred
注:
1.一般情况下在基数词词尾加“th”,即构成序数词,但要注意表中带★的词。
2.以“ty”结尾的基数词去掉“y”加“ieth”,如:
thirty—thirtieth。
3.以one至nine结尾的多数基数词,只把个位数词变为序数词,其他位数词不变。
如:
twenty-one变成twenty-first。
附表八
句子的种类
种类
例句
陈述句
肯定陈述句
Thatismyschoolbag.
否定陈述句
Thisisn’tmyschoolbag.
疑问句
一般疑问句
Isityourjacket?
特殊疑问句
Whosejacketisit?
祈使句
Becarefullynexttime.Don’treadinbed.
感叹句
Whatanicedress!
附表九
动词的时态
种类
构成
一般现在时
主语+
study
IstudyinGuangmingPrimarySchool.
studies(第三人称单数)
MybrotherstudiesinYuyingPrimarySchool.
现在进行时
am
Iamplayingchess.
is+playing(动词+ing)
Sheisplayingthepiano.
Are
Theyareplayingfootball.
一般过去时
studied(过去式)
Tomgotupverylateyesterday.
一般将来时
will
Myfatherwillgotoworktomorrow.
+study
Weshallgototheparktomorrow.
shall
Heisgoingtothemuseumtomorrow.
1.动词第三人称单数一般动词词尾加“s”或“es”,以“y”结尾动词去“y”加“ies”,如:
help—helps,go—goes,study—studies。
2.在一般过去时中,用动词的过去式。
一般动词词尾加“ed”,不规则的动词要逐个记,如:
work—worked,is,am—was,are—were,go—went,do—did,have,has—had。
附表十
常用短语
abit(一点儿)
abottleof(一瓶)
acupof(一杯)
aglassof(一杯)
alotof(许多)
apairof(一对)
apieceof(一片)
allthetime(始终)
athome(在家)
atweekend(在周末)
begoodat(擅长做)
bringto(使用)
comeback(回来)
comehome(回家)
dohomework(做作业)
falldown(跌倒)
flyakite(放风筝)
getto(到达/开始)
getup(起床)
geton(上车)
getoff(下车)
getready(准备好)
goby(经过)
gofor(去找)
gotoschool(上学)
gohome(回家)
gotobed(上床睡觉)
gosailing(去航行)
goskating(去滑冰)
goonatrip(旅行)
goover(复习)
havebreakfast(吃早饭)
haveacold(感冒)
havearest(休息一会儿)
haveagoodidea
(有一个好主意)
havenoidea(不知道)
havesports
(进行体育锻炼)
haveto(必须/只好)
holdon(等一下/继续)
keepsilent(保持沉默)
keepoff(让开)
lastweek(上周)
lookafter(照顾/关心)
lookat(看/考虑)
lookup(向上看)
lookout(注意/照料)
listento(听)
nexttime(下次)
onduty(值班/上班)
playchess(下棋)
playcards(打扑克)
playfootball(踢足球)
playthepiano(弹钢琴)
rideabike(骑自行车)
stayup(不睡觉/熬夜)
skiprope(跳绳)
speakEnglish(说英语)
takeapicture(照相)
takeamessage
(带口信)
takemedicine(吃药)
turnon(打开)
turnoff(关闭)
turnright(向右转)
turnleft(向左转)
waitfor(等候/等待)
附表十一
常见词汇
1、head(头)
2、hair(头发)
3、ear(耳朵)
4、eye(眼睛)
5、nose(鼻子)
6、mouth(口、嘴)
7、arms(臂)
8、hands(手)
9、legs(腿)
10、feet(脚)
teacherworkertailornurseactor
教师工人裁缝护士演员
mechaniccoachsalesgirlsalesman
技工教练女售货员售货员
doctordentistpolicemanwaiter
医生牙医警察服务员
driversailorcookengineer
驾驶员水手厨师工程师
batbearbeebirddeerfoxfroggiraffelion
蝙蝠熊蜜蜂鸟鹿狐狸青蛙长颈鹿狮子
goldfishgoosekangaroomonkeyoxpighorse
金鱼鹅袋鼠猴子牛猪马
tigertortoisezebrahencock
老虎乌龟斑马母鸡公鸡
coatT-shirtskirtsweaterjacketvest
外套体恤衫裙子毛衣(运动衫)夹克汗衫
suitblousedresstrousersjeanssock
西服女衬衫连衣裙裤子牛仔裤短袜
shoeglovehatcap
鞋手套礼帽帽子
附表十二
日常交际用语
1、打招呼、问候、介绍
1)打招呼、问候及应答
GoodMorning!
(Morning!
)
Goodafternoon!
Goodevening!
Hello/Hi!
Howareyou?
Howdoyoudo?
(It’s)Nice/Goodtoseeyou.
(I’m)Gladtosee/meetyou.
(I’m)Fine/Verywell,thankyou.
Nice/Goodtoseeyou,too.
Gladtosee/meetyou,too.
2)介绍
(1)自我介绍
I’m…/Mynameis…
(2)介绍别人
ThisisMiss/Mr/Mrs/myfriend…
2、认人
1)问某人是谁及应答
Who’sthat?
Who’she/she?
Isthat/this/he/she…
That’s/It’s…
He/Sheis…
Yes,it/he/sheis.
No,it/he/sheisn’t.
2)问对方姓名及应答
What’syourname?
Excuseme.Areyou…?
Mynameis…
Yes,Iam.
No,I’mnot.I’m…
3、认物
1)问某物是什么及应答
What’sthis/that?
It’s…
2)问某些物品是什么及应答
Whatarethese/those/they?
They’re…
4、祝贺
HappyNewYear!
AhappyNewYeartoyou!
MerryChristmas!
IwishyouahappyNewYear.
HaveagoodNewYear!
Happybirthdaytoyou!
(Andthe)Sametoyou.
AndIwishyouthesame.
Thanks.Andyoutoo.
Thankyouverymuch.
5、来自(某地)
Whereareyou/theyfrom?
Wheredoyoucomefrom?
Wheredoeshe/shecomefrom?
Areyou/theyfrom…?
Ishe/she/itfrom…?
I’mfrom…
We/Theyarefrom…
I/Wecomefrom…
He/Shecomesfrom…
Yes,Iam.(Yes,we/theyare.)
No,I’mnot.(No,we/theyarenot.)
Yes,he/she/itis.
No,he/she/itisn’t.
6、职业
Whatdoyou/theydo?
Whatdoeshe/shedo?
Areyoua(teacher)?
Ishe/shea(driver)?
Arethey(worker)?
I’m(apupil).
We/Theyare(pupils).
He/Sheisa(doctor).
Yes,Iam.(No,Iamnot.)
Yes,he/sheis.(No,he/sheisn’t.)
Yes,theyare.(No,theyarenot.)
7、能力
Canyou(swim/dance)?
Canhedance?
Whocan(dothis)?
Whatcanyou/hedo?
Yes,Ican.(No,Ican’t.)
Yes,hecan.(No,hecan’t.)
I/We/Hecan.
I/Hecan(cook).
8、所属
Whose(pen)isthis?
Whoseisthis/that(pen)?
Whose(books)arethese?
Whosearethese/those(books)?
Isthisyours?
Aretheseyours?
It’s(mine/yours).
It’s(his/hers).
They’re(mine/ours).
They’re(theirs).
Yes,itis.(No,itisn’t.)
9、拥有
1)表示某人拥有
I/You/We/Theyhave(got)…
He/She/Ithas(got)…
2)问对方是否有
Haveyou(got)…?
Yes,Ihave.
No,Ihaven’t.(Sorry,Ihaven’t.)
Yes,Ido.(No,Idon’t.)
10、时间
1)问钟点
Whattimeisit(now)?
What’sthetime,(please)?
It’s(ten).
It’stimefor(school/class/lunch/
home/TV/bed).
2)问星期几
Whatdayistoday?
Whatdayisittoday?
Isit(Saturday)today?
It’s(Thursday).
Yes,itis.
3)问日期
What’sthedatetoday?
It’s(May4th).
11、天气
What’stheweathertoday?
It’s(fine/cloudy).
What’stheweatherlikein(Beijing)?
12、外观
Whatisitlike?
Whatishe/shelike?
It’s(small).
He/Sheis(young).
13、颜色
Whatcolorisit?
It’s(red/blue).
14、位置(地点)
Whereisit?
Whereishe/she?
Wherearethey?
It’sin/on/under/beside(thedesk).
He/Sheisin(theoffice).
Theyarein(theclassroom).
15、数量
Howmany(books)doyouhave?
Howmuch(beer)doyou(want)?
(Three/Ten.)
(Twoglasses/bottles.)
Howmuchisit?
Howmucharethey?
It’s(fiveyuan).
Theyare(thirtyyuan).
16、意愿
Whatdoyouwant?
Whatwouldyoulike?
Doyouwant(anewbike)?
Wouldyoulike(acupoftea)?
Whatdoyouwanttodo?
Whatwouldyouliketodo?
Whatareyougoingtodo?
Iwant(anewbike).
I’dlike(acupofcoffee).
Yes,Ido.
Yes,please.
Iwantto(helphim).
I’dliketo(seeher).
I’mgoingto(playchess).
17、
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