完整word专八改错真题及答案推荐文档.docx
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完整word专八改错真题及答案推荐文档.docx
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完整word专八改错真题及答案推荐文档
2000年-2015年专八短文改错试卷
2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错
WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshow
onicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundatheluxuryofthe1.
rink,myfriend'smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeen
given.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmy2.
vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation。
that3.
muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI4.
startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,andsoaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren'tthey?
My
friend'smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher5.
expressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.
Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughly
means,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth6.
newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7.
ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave
askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe8.
aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.
speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.
Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.
2014改错
Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.
Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions
(1)
havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:
(2)
lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?
(3)
lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(4)
moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?
lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?
lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(5)
acquisitionofadditionallanguages?
lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?
Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall(6)
theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:
Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(7)
so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acqutiiorinagl”anaddi
language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(8)
focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofanindividual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare
involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning(9)
oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntintheclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.(10)
2013专八短文改错试卷.
Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith
(1)
listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.
Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually
(2)
happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.(3)
Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,(4)
younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity(5)
involved:
ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit。
ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced(6)
theirlanguage。
ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage。
if(7)
wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult。
orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetanyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples(8)
ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,(9)
listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesseswerenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful(10)
experimentstogetatwhatishappening.
2012年
Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst
(1)
centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavouredcertainkindof“free”translation:
thespirit,nottheletter。
the
(2)
sensenottheword。
themessagerathertheform。
thematternot(3)
themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)
wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5)
century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage(6)
wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)
gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)
literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)
extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.
Theargumentwastheoretical:
thepurposeofthetranslation,the
natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too
often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith
eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)2011年专八真题改错部分
Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofaboutseventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthatsoonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.
1
2
3
Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears
4
oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For
thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped
disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy
5
schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfromtheverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof
6
7
beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords
andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreatedasortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailureineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriouslyintended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand
8
9
10
boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.
2010年专八真题改错部分
Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally
completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:
thatis,
everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay
1
thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.
2
Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe
3
4
faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecaninEnglish,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthose
5
sometimesmiscalled'primitive')isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect
6
inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionis
simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar
7
environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichintermsfordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.
8
9
Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life.
2009
Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses
fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference
(1)
betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,
learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe
(2)
littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,orevengrandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.Withtheplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassedonwithintheveryhouritislearnt。
andinthegeneral,itpassesbetweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfiveyears.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatithasbeenretransmittedoverandover。
verypossiblyithaspassedalongachainoftwoorthreehundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainsliveaftersomuchhandling,toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
2008年专八真题短文改错
Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityisa
verynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayedaprominent1
partinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneedtocultivate2
agivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanother3
racewhosehegemonytheyresent.AtthetimetheUnitedStates4
splitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofa5
diffe
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