英国文学史-名词解释.doc
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英国文学史-名词解释.doc
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名词解释
HeroicCouplet:
acoupletconsistingoftworhymedlinesofiambicpentameter,andwritteninanelevatedstyle.
1.Renaissance:
arevivalorrebirthoftheartisticandscientificrevivalwhichoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Ithastwofeatures:
athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureandkeeninterestinactivitiesofhumanity.
2.Sonnet:
14-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.
3.Blankverse:
poetrywritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
4.Neoclassicism:
theEnlightenmentbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestinGreekandRomanworks.ThistendencyisknownasNeoclassicism.
5.Sentimentalism:
itwasoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthelaterdecadesofthe18thcentury.Itconcentratedonthefreeexpressionofthoughtsandemotions,andpresentedanewviewofhumannaturewhichprizedfeelingoverthinking,passionoverreason.
6.Romanticism:
imagination,emotionandfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.Theparticularcharacteristicsoftheliteratureofromanticisminclude:
subjectivityandanemphasisonindividualism;freedomfromrules;solitaryliferatherthenlifeinsociety;thebeliefsthatimaginationissuperiortoreason;andloveofandworshipofnature.
7.LakePoets:
theEnglishpoetswholivedinanddrewinspirationfromtheLakeDistrictatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.
8.ByronicHeroes:
avariantoftheRomanticheroesasatypeofcharacter(enthusiasm,persistence,pursuingfreedom),namedaftertheEnglishRomanticPoetGordonByron.
9.Realism:
seekstoportrayfamiliarcharacters,situations,andsettingsinarealisticmanner.Thisisdoneprimarilybyusinganobjectivenarrativepointofviewandthroughthebuildupofaccuratedetail.
10.Aestheticism:
anartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocio-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.
11.Stream-of-Consciousness:
itisaliterarytechniquethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheyoccurwithoutanyclarificationbytheauthor.Itisanarrativemode.
12.DramaticMonologue:
akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.
13.IambicPentameter:
apoeticlineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable,thatis,witheachfootaniamb.
14.Epic:
alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.
15.Elegy:
apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual;mayalsobealamentoverthepassingoflifeandbeautyorameditationofthenatureofdeath;atypeoflyricpoem.
16.Canto:
asectionofalongpoem.Thecantoscanbeagreatpoem
17.Ode:
acomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writteninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubjects.Odesarewrittenforaspecialoccasion,tohonorapersonoraseasonortocommemorateanevent.
SpenserianStanza:
anine-linestanzamadeupof8linesofiambicpentameterendingwithanAlexandrine.Itsthymeschemeisababbcbcc.Thisstanzawascommontotravelliterature.
18.MetricalPattern:
alyricpoemoffive14-linedstanzascontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcbcdcdedee.
文学史
中古时期
1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》:
thenaturalepicoftheEnglishpeople;Denmarkstory,alliteration,metaphor,understatements
2.SirGawainandGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》
3.GeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里乔叟):
theFatherofEnglishPoetry;TheCanterburyTales《埃特伯雷故事集》(24stories)
文艺复兴时期
1.ThomasMore:
Utopia《乌托邦》-thecommunicationbetweenmoreandthetravelerwhichjustcamebackfromUtopia.
2.FrancisBacon:
thefirstEnglishEssayist;Essays《随笔集》-OfStudies,OfTruth(philosophicalandliteraryworks)
3.ThusWyatt:
firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.
4.EdmundSpenser:
Poet'spoet;TheFairyQueen《仙后》(toQueenElizabethI)
5.WilliamShakespeare:
Sonnet18(ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday)
17世纪英国文学
1.JohnDonne:
theleadingpoetofMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry;AValediction:
ForbiddingMourning《分离:
莫忧伤》
2.JohnMilton:
ParadiseLost《失乐园》(arevoltagainstGod'sauthority),ParadiseRegained《复乐园》(howChristovercameSanta)——storiesweretakenfromBible
3.JohnBunyan:
thesonofRenaissance;Pilgrim'sProgress《天路历程》(imagination,shadowing,realisticreligiousallegory)
18世纪英国文学
Novel:
1.theageofreason,classicism,sentimentalismandromanticism(novels,prose,dramas,poetry)
2.DanielDefoe:
representativeofEnglishrealisticnovel;RobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》(thedevelopmentofayoungmanfromanaiveandartlessyouthtoacleverandhardenedman)
3.JonathanSwift:
Gulliver'sTravels《格列佛游记》(fictional,satirical-humannature,theEuropeanGovernment,thedifferencesbetweenreligions,wholeEnglishstatesystem)
4.HenryFielding:
theFatherofEnglishnovel;TheHistoryofTomeJones,aFoundling《汤姆琼斯》,satiric
Poetry:
5.ThomasGray:
ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓园挽歌》
6.AlexanderPope:
perfectedinheroiccouplet;AnEssayonCriticism《论批评》
7.WilliamBlake:
pre-romantic;SongsofInnonce《天真之歌》,SongsofExperience《经验之歌》-London,TheTiger
8.RobertBurns:
ARedRedRose《一朵红红的玫瑰》
Drama:
9.RichardBrinsleySheridan:
MasterofComedyofmanners;TheSchoolforScandal《造谣学校》
浪漫主义时期1798-1832
1.WilliamWordsworth:
theLakePoets;ThePrelude《序曲》;IWonderedLonelyasaCloud《我似流云天自游》;TheSolitaryReaper《孤寂的割麦女》;features:
poetofnatureandhumanheart
2.SamuelTaylorColeridge:
thefirstcriticoftheRomanticschool;TheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子咏》
3.GeorgeGordonByron:
vigorous,strongandbeautiful;ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗尔德游记》(spenserianstanza,fightsforliberty);DonJuan《唐璜》(abroadcriticalpictureofEuropeanlife);WhenWeTwoParted《昔日依依别》;SheWalksinBeauty《她走在美的光影中》;TheIslesofGreece《哀希腊》
4.PercyByssheShelley:
OdetotheWestWind《西风颂》-赞颂西风,希望与其紧密相连;PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》(thevictoryforman'sstruggleagainsttyrannyandoppression)
5.JohnKeats:
sensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery;OdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》;OdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》
6.WalterScott:
FatherofHistoricalNovel;combinehistoricalfactandromanticimagination
7.JaneAusten:
wit,dryhumour,subtleirony,realistic;PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》(ElizabethandDarcy);SenseandSensibility《理智与情感》;Emma《爱玛》
8.CharlesLamb:
PoorRelations《穷亲戚》;Dream-children《童年梦幻》;AReverie《幻想曲》
维多利亚时期
1.summit:
realisticnovel
2.CharlesDickens:
criticalrealistwriter;humour,wit,happyendings;ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》(London&Paris,wherethereisoppression,thereisrevolution);DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔》;OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》;HardTime《艰难时世》;GreatExpectations《远大前程》;DombeyandSon《董贝父子》;PickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》
3.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray:
VanityFair《名利场》(tosatirizethesocialmore,decadenceandcorruptionofhistime;tocriticizethevaluesmeasuredbywealth)
4.GeorgeEliot:
novelist,hernovelsarecelebratedfortheirrealismandpsychologicalinsights;AdamBede《亚当比德》(socialinequality);TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》;SilasMarner《织工马南》
5.AlfredTennyson:
succeededWordsworthasPoetLaureatein1850;Break,Break,Break《拍吧,拍吧,拍吧》;CrossingtheBar《过沙洲》
6.RobertBrowning:
dramaticmonologues;MyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》
7.TheBronteSisters:
Charlotte:
JaneEyre《简爱》:
简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性,她生活在社会底层,受尽磨难。
但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。
小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写,引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历,歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。
扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情,具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。
其最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗,敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。
Emily:
WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》:
描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后,因受辱和恋爱不遂,外出致富,回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。
Anne:
AgnesGray《安格尼斯格雷》
20世纪英国文学
1.ThomasHardy:
feature:
pastandmodern,critical,realism,determinism;TessofTheD'urbervillles《德伯家的苔丝》;JudetheObscure《无名的裘德》
2.JohnGalsworthy:
FromtheFourWinds《四季的风》;TheManofProperty《有产业的人》;TheSilverBox《银盒》
3.GeorgeBernardShaw:
structurallyandthematically,vividly;MrsWarren'sProfession《华伦夫人的职业》;Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》(transformacockney-speakingflowergirlintoawomanaspoisedandwell-spokenasaduchess);TheAppleCart《苹果车》
4.OscarWilde:
aestheticism;TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales《快乐王子》;ThePictureofDorianGray《道林格雷的画像》
5.D.H.Lawrence:
firstintroducethemesofpsychologyintohisworks;SonsandLovers《儿子和情人》;TheWhitePeacock《白孔雀》
6.VirginiaWoolf:
stream-of-consciousness;feminist;TotheLighthouse《到灯塔去》;MrsDalloway《达洛维夫人》
7.JamesJoyce:
Ulysses《尤利西斯》(streamofconsciousness,amodernproseepic);Dubliners《都柏林人》
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