焊接技术与工程专业英语.ppt

焊接技术与工程专业英语.ppt

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焊接技术与工程专业英语SPECIALTYENGLISHFORWELDING,DEPARTMENTOFMATERIALSSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGJIANGSUUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY2005.08,Textbook&referencebooks,AWeldingTechnicalReaderWeldingPrinciples&ApplicationsWeldingMetallurgy,TeachingProgram,Part:

AccesstoWeldingLiteraturePart:

WeldingPowerPart:

WeldingMetallurgyPart:

WeldingProcesses,Weldingisamaterialsjoiningprocessusedinmakingwelds.,Aweldis“alocalizedcoalescence（thegrowingtogetherofthegrainstructureofthematerialsbeingwelded）ofmetalsornonmetalsproducedeitherbyheatingthematerialstosuitabletemperatures,withorwithouttheapplicationofpressure,andwithorwithouttheuseoffillermaterials”.AmericanWeldingSociety,WELDINGDEFINED,WELDINGDEFINED,焊接的概念：

焊接是将两种金属（同质或异质）或非金属通过原子或分子间的结合从而连接成一体,WELDINGCLASSIFICATION,WELDING,FUSIONWELDING,PRESSUREWELDING,HISTORYOFWELDING,HISTORYOFWELDING,HISTORYOFWELDING,HISTORYOFWELDING,Arcwelding,HISTORYOFWELDING,Robotwelding,HISTORYOFWELDING,Laserwelding,HISTORYOFWELDING,Spotwelding,HISTORYOFWELDING,FrictionStirwelding,1.WHATISWELDING,MoleculeOxidationContaminationMetallurgyFusionprocessPressureprocess,Keywords:

2.HEATTREATMENTOFSTEEL,HeattreatmentHardeningTemperingAnnealingQuenchBrine,Keywords:

Under-agedandPeak-agedHeatTreatmenton7075AlAlloy,Onestepagingcondition:

Material:

7075Solutiontreatment:

475CX2hQuenchingmedia:

waterAgingconditionafterquenching:

120C,*Standard:

AMS2772E-2008,Over-agedHeatTreatmenton7075AlAlloy,Towstepagingcondition:

Material:

7075Solutiontreatment:

475CX2hQuenchingmedia:

waterAgingconditionafterquenching:

107Cfor6handthen163C,*Standard:

AMS2772E-2008,SummaryonHeatTreatmentof7075AlAlloy,Kellersetch:

15s,MicrostructuralCharacterizationof7075-T651,3.THESELECTIONOFMETALSINWELDING,AlloyWeldabilityStrengthHardnessStiffnessDuctilityNickel,BerylliumAluminumIronSteel,Keywords:

TheselectionofMetalsinWelding,Mostoftheseventy-fiveorsometalsinnatureareusedinindustry,andaboutonethirdofthemetalsareofinterestinwelding.Ausecanalwaysbefoundfortheparticularcombinationofpropertiesrepresentedbyanymetals.Besides,therangeofavailablemetalshasbeengreatlyextendedbyalloying,andthereisnolimittothenumberofalloyspossibletobedeveloped.Fromtheonemetaliron,probablymorethan25000alloysofsteelarefoundtohavebeendeveloped,althoughtheusesofpureironareveryfewincontrasttothevastrangeofpurposesservedbythemanysteelalloys.,TheselectionofMetalsinWelding,Mostoftheseventy-fiveorsometalsinnatureareusedinindustry,andaboutonethirdofthemetalsareofinterestinwelding.Ausecanalwaysbefoundfortheparticularcombinationofpropertiesrepresentedbyanymetals.Besides,therangeofavailablemetalshasbeengreatlyextendedbyalloying,andthereisnolimittothenumberofalloyspossibletobedeveloped.Fromtheonemetaliron,probablymorethan25000alloysofsteelarefoundtohavebeendeveloped,althoughtheusesofpureironareveryfewincontrasttothevastrangeofpurposesservedbythemanysteelalloys.,自然界中75种左右的金属中，大多数都能应用于工业，其中大概三分之一为焊接所感兴趣。

任何金属性能的特定组合总是能找到其用途。

除此以外，可用金属的范围通过合金化可以得到大大的延伸，并且理论上可以开发无限种类的合金。

以金属铁为例，已经开发出了25000多种钢，然而与钢得到大规模的应用相比，纯铁反而应用很少。

Thebasiccharacteristicsthatmakethemetalssoveryusefularetheirweldability,hardness,stiffness,andductility（thatisthepropertytobeshapedeasily）.Thesecharacteristicsofmetalsareofgreatimportancetoawelder.Ifhehassomeknowledgeofthem,heiscertaintohavehisweldingjobsdoneinaproperways.,金属能够得到广泛应用的基本前提就是其焊接性、硬度、韧性及塑性（指其易加工性能）。

金属的这些性能对焊工非常重要。

只有在知道这些性能的前提下，他才能实现正确的焊接操作。

TheselectionofMetalsinWelding,Thereisnosuchthingasanidealmetal,althoughnickelmaybeconsideredtohavecomeclosest.Foraparticularapplication,thebestselectionisthemetalthathasthemostfavorablefeatures.Probablythetwomostimportantcharacteristicstobeconsideredarecostandweight.Weightparticularlyhasbeenpaidgreaterattentiontoinrecentyearsowingtothedevelopmentofmodernindustries.Itisforthispurposethataluminumandberylliumareusedtomakeaircraftsandrockets.,工业上没有纯完美的金属，虽然镍被认为是最接近完美的一种金属。

对于特定用途，具有相匹配性能的金属为最佳选择。

这中间需要考虑的两个重要因素就是价格和重量。

近年来由于现代工业的发展，重量方面得到更多的关注。

基于此原因，铝和铍广泛用于航空和火箭上。

TheselectionofMetalsinWelding,Costmustbebalancedagainstothercharacteristicsofthemetals.Forexample,itispossibletoreplaceberylliumbymetalsofonlyahundredththecost,butsuchsubstitutescannotmatchberylliumsstiffnessandstrength,andtheindustriesconcernedmaydecidethatthesuperiorityofberylliumwarrantstheincreasedcost.Forotherapplications,however,berylliumisnotinsuchafavor,andthereforeisnotconsideredasametaltoberequired.,在考虑金属性能的基础上必需考虑金属的价格。

比如，虽然能够用价格只有铍金属价格的金属来代替铍，但这些金属还是不能达到铍的韧性及强度，相关行业认为金属铍的优先使用，导致铍的价格不断上涨。

然而对于其它行业，铍并不是最佳选择，从而也不会考虑为一种必需的金属。

TheselectionofMetalsinWelding,4ExpansioninWelding,4ExpansioninWelding,ExpansionContractionDistortionInternalstainsCoefficientoflinearexpansion,Keywords:

文献的结构Title（标题）Authors（通讯作者）FirstauthorCorrespondingauthorAddress（通讯作者单位）Abstract（文章摘要）Keywords（关键词）Introduction（引言）Experiments（试验）Results（结果分析）Conclusions（结论）Acknowledgement（致谢）References（参考文献）,专业文献的阅读,Title:

反映了文章的中心思想，一句话Authors:

反映了本文工作的主要贡献人员Address:

所有作者的通讯地址Abstract:

本文的目的试验材料和手段等试验成果概述Keywords:

具体所研究的材料想要研究的是啥（microstructure,properties等）有特色的试验方法,Title,Authors,Address,AbstractandKeywords,ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTSONFATIGUECRACKGROWTHIN7075ALUMINUMALLOYF.Wang,J.J.Williams,andN.ChawlaMaterialsScienceandEngineeringArizonaStateUniversityTempe,AZ85287-6106,USAE-mail:

nchawlaasu.eduKeywords:

7075Aluminumalloy,fatiguecrackgrowth,ultrahighvacuum,dryair,moisture.AbstractThefatiguebehaviorofaluminumalloysisgreatlyinfluencedbytestingenvironment.Inthispaper,theroleofdryairandhighlypurifiedmoistureonfatiguecrackgrowthbehaviorof7075Alalloywasinvestigated.Fatiguecrackgrowthratesweremeasuredundervariouspartialpressuresofdryairandwatervapor,andwerecomparedwithabaselineobtainedinultrahighvacuum（UHV）（totalpressureof10-9torr）.StandardcompacttensionspecimensalongtheL-Torientationwereused,andtestingwasperformedunderloadratiosofR=0.8.Themicrostructureandmorphologyofthefracturesurfaceswereexaminedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy（SEM）andcorrelatedwiththecrackgrowthbehavior.ItwasobservedthatastickingphenomenonbetweencrackfacestookplaceinUHVanddry-air,butnotinmoisture.Themoistureisbelievedtolubricatethecracksurfaces.Themechanismsforstickingaredescribedindetail.,Introduction（引言）,5TheWeldingArc,5TheWeldingArc,5TheWeldingArc,5TheWeldingArc,ElectricarcHeatsourcePlasmaCraterWeldingmachine,Keywords:

6ArcLength,6ArcLength,DepositedmetalNitrogenBareelectrodeCoatedelectrode,Keywords:

7Electrodes,7Electrodes,7Electrodes,Keywords:

BasemetalDCDirectCurrentACAlternateCurrentMildsteel（低碳钢）Horizontalwelding（平焊）Flatwelding（横焊）Verticalwelding（立焊）,8CoatedElectrode,8CoatedElectrode,OxideNitrideDeoxidizeSlagPenetrationWeldbead,Keywords:

9.Polarity,Straightpolarity（DCSP）Reversedpolarity（DCRP）Electrodeholder,Keywords:

9.Polarity,9.Polarity,10.HeatTransfer,ConductionConvectionRadiation,Keywords:

10.HeatTransfer,10.HeatTransfer,10.HeatTransfer,11.Stressesoccurringinwelding,YieldpointPlasticdeformationCrystallatticeCross-section,Keywords:

11.Stressesoccurringinwelding,11.Stressesoccurringinwelding,PARTIIWELDINGPOWER,1.Powersupplyconstructionfundamentals,Generator发电机Rectifier整流器Contactor接触器Diode二极管Currentrating额定电流,Keywords:

1.Powersupplyconstructionfundamentals,Contactor接触器Relay继电器Switch开关,Keywords:

1.Powersupplyconstructionfundamentals,Fuse保险丝Circuitbreaker断路器Thermalcutout热熔断器（热断流器）,Keywords:

1.Powersupplyconstructionfundamentals,Meter仪表Ammeter电流表Voltmeter电压表Shunt分流器,Keywords:

1.Powersupplyconstructionfundamentals,Keywords:

Inductor电感器Transformer电抗器Transformer变压器Autotransformer自耦变压器Adjustautotransformer自耦调压器,PARTIIIWELDINGMETALLURGY,1.MechanicalPropertiesofMetals,Keywords:

TensilestrengthBendingstrengthCompressivestrengthTorsionalstrengthShearstrengthFatiguestrengthImpactstrength,IndenterIndentationCryogenicproperty,2Steel,Keywords:

SoftsteelHardsteelWeldablesteelHeat-treatablesteelWroughtsteelCaststeelMagneticsteelPara-magneticsteel,StainlesssteelHigh-speedsteelToolsteelGraycastironWhiteironMalleableironDuctileironFoundry,3TheIron-carbonDiagrams,Keywords:

PolymorphyFace-centeredcubicBody-centeredcubicFerromagneticSolidsolubility/solutionEutectoidpointAustenite,FerriteCementitePearlitePro-eutectoidferriteHypo-eutectoidsteelHyper-eutectoidsteel,3TheIron-carbonDiagrams,3TheIron-carbonDiagrams,3TheIron-carbonDiagrams,4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel,4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel,4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel,4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel,4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel,5TheWeldabilityofMetals,Keywords:

Tackweld定位焊缝Spotwelding点焊Projectionwelding凸焊Seamwelding缝焊,PARTWELDINGPROCESSES,PARTWELDINGPROCESSES,1ShieldedMetal-ArcWedling,Keywords:

Shieldedmetalarcwelding（SMAW）,1ShieldedMetal-ArcWelding,1ShieldedMetal-ArcWelding,2GasShielded-ArcWelding,GasTungstenArcWelding（GTAW）GasMetalArcWelding（GMAW）TungstenInertGas（TIG）PlasmaArcWelding（PAW）MetalInertGas（MIG）MetalActiveGas（MAG）,Keywords:

2GasShielded-ArcWelding,2GasShielded-ArcWelding,SpraytransferGlobulartransferShortcircuitingtransfer,Keywords:

2GasShielded-ArcWelding,3SubmergedArcwelding,Submergedarcwelding（SAW）isahighquality,veryhighdepositionrateweldingprocess.Submergedarcweldingisahighdepositionra