动物实验利与弊.doc
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动物实验利与弊.doc
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动物实验利与弊
论点1:
(正方)不人道Firstofall,themaindisadvantageofanimaltestingistheinhumanetreatmentofanimalsintestsduetothefactthatanesthesiaforthehelpofpainisoftennotused.Scientistssaythatusinganesthesiawillinterferewithtestresults.Todaytheterm“vivisection”isused.Vivisectionisdefinedas“cuttingwhilestillalive”butitismorecommonlyusedtodayasanyharmfulexperimentortestthatisperformedonananimal.Animalexperimentationinvolvestheincarcerationofanimalsandpoisoning,mutilation,diseaseandkillingofthoseindividuals.Itisarguablythemostbrutalandmostsevereformofviolenceinthemodernworld.Itissaidthatanestimated50,000animalsdieduetothetestingonthem.SomeoftheteststhatIAMSperformedwere:
·28femalecatshadtheirabdomens(腹部)cutopenandsolutioninjectedrepeatedlyintotheirbowels.
·24youngdogsweregivenkidneyfailurebytheremovalofonekidneyandthedamagingoftheother.Allthedogswerekilledafterbeingfedanexperimentaldietandtheirkidneysanalyzed.
论点2:
(正方)可有别的措施Manyalternativesalreadyexist,andtheremustbemanymorewhicharewaitingtobefound.Thedaywillsurelycomewhennotmoreexperimentsonanimalswillneedtobedoneforhumanmedicine.it'sharedtosaytherewillalwaysbealternativesforveterinaryresearch,Themostcommonalternativesthatareusedtodayare:
in-vitrotests,computersoftware,andevenhuman“clinicaltests”.Theuseofanimalcells,organs,andtissueculturesarealsodeemedasalternatives,
(反驳正方)howeveranimallivesarestillsacrificedfortheuseoftheirparts.Wecanonlytalkaboutbanningexperimentationwhenthealternativeshavebeenprovedtobeaccurate,andsafe.
→(反方反驳)Asamedicalstudent,I'verealizedthatartificialmeanscanneverreplacetheincrediblecomplexityoflivinganimals.Itmaynotbepossibletobanallanimaltestsquiteyet,butthereshouldbealotmoremoney,timeandeffortsgoingintofindingalternatives.
新论点3:
正方:
动物也有权利Couldanyonetellmewhyhumansaremoreimportantthananyotheranimals?
Couldanyonepleasetellmethefundamentalreasonwhyhumansufferingis'absolutely'moreimportantthananimalsuffering,whytheintenseagonyexperiencedbyalaboratoryanimalisinconsequential(不重要的,微不足道的)whenviewagainstthesameorevenlesserdegreeofsufferingwithinahuman.OfcourseWeseeourselvesasmoreimportantthanotherspecies,asI'msureotherself-realisingspeciesseethemselves,butwecannotusethisflimsy(轻而薄的),subjective(主观上的)argumentasanexcusetototallydisregardthefeelingsofotherspecies.Youwouldn'tlikeitifsomealienraceclaimingtobethemost"important"turnedupandsquirtedaliencosmeticsinyourmother'seye,wouldyou?
SoIthinkanimalsshouldhavethesamerightsasus.Youwouldn'tlikeitifpeopleweredoinganykindofexperimentonyou.Humankindhasabsolutelynorighttouseanimalsforanyreasonwhatsoever,especiallyforexperimentaluse.
新论点4正方类比种族Weconductsuchexperimentssimplybecausewehavephysicaldominanceoverallotherspeciesandthuswecanexploitthematourwill.Butthenwhereliesthecontradictionbetweenthisformexploitationandthatshownwithinthehumanspecies,suchasthephysicaldominancethatallowedEuropeanstoexploitAfricansintheslavetrade.WhyshouldIbeutterlyindifferenttoanimalsufferingbecauseIstandtogainfromit,yetIammorallyobligedtobepassionateabouthumansufferingwhetherornotitcouldbeformypersonalbetterment.
新论点5:
正方动物实验有时候真的没有必要.Iunderstandtheconcernsovermedicaltestingand"humanneedsoveranimallives",butthetestingobviouslydoesn'tworkbecausethereisstillAIDS,cancerandalltheotherdiseasesthatthesetestsaresupposedtobecuring.Ifmedicaltestsreallyareneeded,whycan'ttherebeamorehumanewaytodoit?
Whynotusepeople'scells,skinetc.Humanvolunteersshouldbeusedforfinaltestingratherthananimals.
最后总结(正方)Allinall,theanimalscannottellthescientistthattheydon’twanttobetestedon,buthumanscan.Weneedtotalkfortheanimalsandhelpstopthiscruelandinhumanetreatment.Therearemanyotherwaysthatproductsandmedicinecanbetested;theuseofinnocentanimalsisnolongerneeded.Letusturndowncuresthathavebeentestedonanimals.Thankyou.
反方
开场:
Forthoseopposedtoallanimaltesting,pleaseanswer'Yes'or'No'tothefollowingquestions
1.Areyouvegetarian?
2.Doyouavoidbuyingleathershoesorclothes?
3.Wouldyouallowyourselforalovedonetosufferorevendiebecausethenecessarytreatmenthadbeendevelopedusinglaboratoryanimals?
Ifyouanswered'Yes'toALLoftheabove,thenyouarefreefromhypocrisy(伪善,虚伪)inyourmoralstance(l立场姿态).
论点1:
我们需要动物实验Animalstestingisreallynecessary.
分论点
(1)患者的需要Firstofall,allthepatientsareintheneedofthetesting.Why?
Couldyourealizethattheanimalsyoubelievearebeingharmed,havenotonlyimpactedyourlivesinsomeway,buthaveimpactedyourfamilies,friends,byprovidingpeoplewithvaccinesandantibiotics.Whenitcomesdowntoit,rightlyorwrongly,wewillallhappilysacrificeananimalinordertosavealovedone!
Millionsoflivesaresavedeveryyearbecauseofoneanimal’s,resultstoeitheradrugornewformofsurgery.TellmethatWhichwouldyouprefertolive-anillchildorahealthybunny?
Withrightscomeresponsibilities-whatresponsibilitiestoanimalshave?
Howmanypeoplewhoadvocatebanninganimaltestinghaveacceptedmedicineswhichhavealmostsurelybeentestedonanimals.Amovetowardsanimalrightsmeansamoveawayfromhumanrights.
分论点
(2)科学研究的需要Thesecond,animaltestingisthemostpredominantformoftestingusedbyscientists.Animalresearchplaysavital,andirreplaceable,roleinsuchfieldsasdrugandcancerresearch.Thephaseofresearchonanimalsgaveusessentialdatawhichmoveduson.Theknowledgesogainedisbeingusedtoprovidemoreeffectivetreatmentforseriouslydisabledhumans.Theresultstheyyieldbringanewoutlookonlifeformillionsaroundtheworld.Ifanimaltestingisbanned,howwillmedicinesbedeveloped?
Willcureshavetobetriedonlyonhumans?
Willtherebeenoughvolunteers?
Howaboutlawsuitsbyfamiliesofvictimsofimperfectlydesignedcures?
Acompletebanonanimaltestingwillhaveveryseriousnegativeeffectsonmedicalresearch.Ibelievethatdevelopingbetter,moreeffectiveandsaferdrugsismoreimportantthansparingafewrats.(反驳正方观点)Alternativestoanimaltestingmustbedevelopedbuteventhesealternativeswillrequireanimaltestinginordertocompareresults.Willtheanimalrightsactivistsendorse(赞同)anyresponsibilityofthedisastrouseffectsoftheirrosycuddlythoughts?
Idoubtit..
分论点(3)安全性需要Thethird,Itisimperative(必要的)thatalldrugsreleasedontothemarketaresafeforhumanstouse.Ifeelthatanimaltestingisnecessaryforthecontinuationofbiologicalandsafetyresearch.Evenwithanimal&peopletesting,dangerousproductsstillgetonthemarket,imaginehowmanymorewillbeonthemarketifwebananimaltesting.
论点2:
物竞天择
Animalrightsprotestersarejustabunchofcitydwellerswhodon'treallyunderstandhowlifeworks.Natureispredatory,thestrongestsurvive,andbytestingdrugsandmedicalresearchonanimalswhichcreatescuresforhumandiseases,thenthoseanimalsdiedtohelpussurvive.Asimpleextrapolationofthelawofnature.
论点3:
采取相应的弥补措施:
Whileweshouldneverhurtanimalsintheinterestofpaltry(无价值的)cosmetics,researchforlife-savingdrugsandtechniquesrequireslimiteduseofrealanimals.Iagreethatanimaltestingshouldbecontinued,butagreewithanimalrightsadvocatesthatweshouldnotbeallowedtoturnablindeyetoanysuffering.
总结:
Eventhemostmilitantanimalrightsactivistwouldhavetoadmitonething:
ifgod-forbidoneofthemhadachildwhobecameveryill,hewouldaccepttheabsoluteextinctionofanentireanimalspeciesifitwouldsavethelifeofthatchild.(反方应对措施)Ithinkanimaltestinglabsshouldbeopenforrandominspection.Theresults,includingphotographicevidenceshouldbemadepublic.
Animalexperimentationisacriticalcomponentintestingpharmeceuticals.Ourknowledgeinthesupportingfieldsofbiology,chemistry,andgeneticsisincreasinggeometrically.Thisisonefieldofhumanendeavorwheretherewardsarehigh,indeedcriticaltomillionswhosufferfromcurrentlyuntreatabledisease.
Allinall,weshouldnordeniedthatanimaltestsareneed.That’soutopinion,thankyou.
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