新课标高考英语一轮总复习考点集训四十九书面表达牛津译林版Word格式文档下载.docx
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新课标高考英语一轮总复习考点集训四十九书面表达牛津译林版Word格式文档下载.docx
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ttimetoleaveyet.ItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.AndItoldherthatherlittlegranddaughter,Amelia,believedthatshe'
dgetbetter.Thedoctors,withalltheiryearsoftrainingandexperience,offerednohopeforrecovery.Thedamagewassimplytooextensive.
Then,acoupleofweekslater,anoddthinghappened.Momwokeup.Sheregainedconsciousness.Perseveredthroughalongandtoughrecovery,duringwhichshehadtolearntowalk,read,andwritealloveragain,andeventuallyreturnedhometoDad.Theonlyonewhowasn'
tshockedwasAmelia.Thedoctorscouldn'
texplainit.Ameliadidn'
tneedto.Hopecameasnaturallytoherasbreathings.
Sowhyarewesoafraidtohopesometimes?
Maybeit'
sbecauseovertheyear,life'
sdisappointmentscanturnustodisillusionment(理想破灭).Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay:
“Hopeforthebest,expecttheworst”?
That'
snotreallyhopeatall.
Hopeisbeingabletolookatourworldwithallofthejoyandwonderofachild.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
Doctorswerepessimisticaboutmymother’sstrokewhilemylittledaughter,Amelia,fullofhope.(要点1)IpassedonAmelia'
shopewhenourfamilygatheredtobidfarewelltoherinhospital.(要点2)Incredibly,sherecoveredandcamebackhomeafteraperiodofrestoration.EveryonewasastonishedexceptAmelia.(要点3)Hopedoesbringpeopleintroubleamazement.(要点4)
2
ThedrugstorewasclosingforthenightandAlfredHigginswasabouttogohomewhenhisnewbossapproachedhim.
“Emptyyourpocketsplease,Alfred,”SamCarrdemandedinafirmvoice.
Alfredpretendedtobeshockedbutheknewhe'
dbeencaught.Fromhiscoathewithdrewamakeupkit,alipstickandtwotubesoftoothpaste.
“I'
mdisappointedinyou,Alfred!
”saidthelittlegrayhairedman.
“Sorry,Sir.Pleaseforgiveme.I'
veneverdonesuchathingbefore.”Alfredlied,hopingtogaintheoldman'
ssympathy.
MrCarr'
sbrowfurrowed(皱眉)ashereachedforthephone,“Doyoutakemeforafool?
Let'
sseewhatthepolicehavetosay.ButfirstI'
llcallyourmotherandletherknowhersonisheadingtojail.”
“Dowhateveryouwant,”Alfredshotback,tryingtosoundbig.Butdeepdownhefeltlikeachild.Heimaginedhismotherrushingin,eyesburningwithanger,maybeintears.YethewantedhertocomequicklybeforeMr.Carrcalledthepolice.
Mr.CarrwassurprisedwhenMrsHigginsfinallyarrived.Shewasverycalm,quietandfriendly.“IsAlfredintrouble?
”sheasked.
“He'
sbeenstealingfromthestore,”theoldmancoollyreplied.
Mrs.HigginsputoutherhandandtouchedMr.Carr'
sarmwithgreatgentlenessasifsheknewjusthowhefelt.Shespokeasifshedidnotwanttocausehimanymoretrouble.“Whatdoyouwanttodo,Mr.Carr?
”
Thewoman'
scalmandgentlemannerdisarmedtheonceangrystoreowner.“Iwasgoingtogetacop.ButIdon'
twanttobecruel.Tellyoursonnottocomebackhereagain,andI'
llletitgo.”ThenhewarmlyshookMrs.Higgins'
shand.
Mrs.Higginsthankedtheoldmanforhiskindness,thenmotherandsonleft.Theywalkedalongthestreetinsilence.Whentheyarrivedhomehismothersimplysaid,“Gotobed,youfool.”
Inhisbedroom,Alfredheardhismotherinthekitchen.Hefeltnoshame,onlyprideinhismother'
sactions.“Shewassmooth!
”hethought.Hewenttothekitchentotellherhowgreatshewas,butwasshockedbywhathesaw.
Hismother'
sfacelookedfrightened,broken.Notthecool,brightfacehesawearlier.Herlipsmovednervously.Shelookedveryold.Thereweretearsinhereyes.
Thispictureofhismothermadehimwanttocry.Hefelthisyouthending.Hesawallthetroubleshebroughtherandthedeeplinesofworryinhergreyface.Heseemedtohaveneverreallyseenhismotherlikethat.
Thestoryisaboutaboymaturingovernight.(要点1)AdrugstoreownerfoundsomethingstolenbyAlfredandcalledhismother.Surprisingly,themothertookthiscalmlyandthebossdecidedtoletthisgo.(要点2)Athome,hewasabouttoshowhisprideinthemother'
scalmnesswhenhesawadeeplyworriedmother,whichgreatlyshockedhim.(要点3)
ThePossibleHealthDangersofAirconditioners
Althoughmanyofusmayfeelairconditionersbringrelieffromhot,humidorpollutedoutsideair,theyposemanypotentialhealthhazards.Muchresearchhaslookedathowthemovementofairinsideaclosedenvironment—suchasanofficebuilding—canspreaddiseaseorexposepeopleinthebuildingtoharmfulchemicals.
OneofthemorewidelypublicizeddangersisthatofLegionnaire'
sdisease,whichwasfirstrecognizedinthe1970s.Thiswasfoundtohaveaffectedpeopleinbuildingswithairconditioningsystemsinwhichwarmairpumpedoutofthesystem'
scoolingtowerswassomehowsuckedbackintotheairintake,inmostcasesduetopoordesign.Thewarmair,filledwithbacteria,wascombinedwithcooled,conditionedairandwasthencirculatedaroundvariouspartsofthebuilding.Studiesshowedthatevenpeopleoutsidesuchbuildingswereatriskiftheywalkedpastairexhaustpipes.
Largeairconditioningsystemsaddwatertotheairtheycirculatebymeansofhumidifiers.Inoldersystems,thewaterusedforthisprocessiskeptinspecialreservoirs,thebottomsofwhichprovidebreedinggroundsforbacteriawhichcanfindtheirwayintotheventilationsystem.Therisktohumanhealthfromthissituationhasbeenhighlightedbythefactthattheimmunesystemsofapproximatelyhalfofworkersinairconditionedofficebuildingshavedevelopedtheabilitytofightofftheorganismsfoundatthebottomofsystemreservoirs.Butchemicalscalled“biocides”areaddedtoreservoirstomakethemgermfree,andtheyaredangerousintheirownrightinsufficientquantities,astheyoftencontaincompoundsstronglylinkedtocancers.
Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthattheartificialclimaticenvironmentcreatedbyairconditionerscanalsoaffectus.Inanaturalenvironment,whetherindoororoutdoor,therearesmallvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.Indeed,thehumanbodyhaslongbeenaccustomedtothesenormalchanges.Inanairconditionedlivingorworkingenvironment,however,bodytemperaturesremainwellunder37℃,ournormaltemperature.Thisleadstoaweakenedimmunesystemandthusgreaterexposuretodiseasessuchascoldsandflu.
Airconditionersbringmanypotentialhealthrisks.(要点1)First,airconditionerswillleadtoLegionnaire'
sdisease,causedbybacteriainthewarmairbeingcirculatedduetopoordesignofthesystem.(要点2)Second,chemicalsusedtokillbacteriainthereservoirarerelatedtocancers.(要点3)Third,people'
simmunesystemisweakenedduetotheartificialclimaticenvironment.(要点4)
Highschoolexittestsareteststhatstudentsmustpasstograduatefromhighschool.Inthelastfewyears,however,anumberofstatesinAmericahavedroppedthem.Althoughsomestatesstillusethemfordiplomas,thenumberisdownfromahighof27statesduringthetestingcrazepromotedbyNoChildLeftBehind(NCLB).
Theappearanceofthisphenomenonissmallwonder.Researchesclearlyshowthatexittestshavelittlepositiveeffectsonstudents.A2014reportfoundexittestingwasassociatedwithlowergraduationrates,negativelyaffectedlabormarketoutcomes,and,mostalarmingly,produceda12.5percentincreaseinincarceration(监禁)rates.Exitexams,thestudyconcluded,hadtendedtoaddlittlevalueformoststudents.
Exittestingreliesonthefollowingassumptions.Oneisthatstandardizedtestingcanserveasakindof“qualitycontrol”forhighschoolgraduates,guaranteeingthatgraduatesarecollegeready.Theotheristhattheyhavepredictingvalueforfuturesuccessinacademicsituations.
Butthereislittleevidence.Thetestsdon'
texactlymeasurewhattheypretendtomeasure.Forexample,qualitiessuchasintelligence,academicability,collegereadinessarenotdetermined.Thosethatshouldbedevelopedinallyoungpeople,likeresponsibility,criticalthinking,andempathy(移植),arenotmeasured,either.Evensupportersofexittestshaveacknowledgedthattheydon'
tofferreliabledata.
Thus,moreandmorepeoplearesuggestingthatexittestscoresoughttobejustonecomponentofthehighschooldiploma.Schoolsshouldconsidermanyotherrecordsincludingcreditsearned,coursestaken,activities,service,projectsandotherelementsofacademicaccomplishmentsothatstudentscanbeevaluatedflexibly.Inotherwords,exittestscoresshouldneverbetheonlycriterionforhighschooldiplomas.
HighschoolexittestshavebeencancelledinsomestatesinAmericainrecentyears.(要点1)Thisisnotsurprisingbecausestudiesshowtheydolittlegoodtostudents.(要点2)Insteadofensuringcollegereadinessandacademicsuccess,theyactuallydon'
tmeasurewhatshouldbemeasured.(要点3)Therefore,exittestscoresshouldonlybeonepartofthestandardsofhighschooldiplomas.(要点4)
3
Mostpeoplewanttobehappy,butfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Moneyandsuccessalonedonotbringlastinghappiness.Aristotle,aGreekthinker,said,“Happinessdependsuponourselves.”Inotherwords,wemakeourownhappiness.Herearea
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