考研英语二真题及问题详解.docx
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考研英语二真题及问题详解.docx
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考研英语二真题及问题详解
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered
blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that
normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared
to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which
being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less
likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the
elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very
difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI.
BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI
of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30
is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be
divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is
probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high
BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor
11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as
obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with
a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight
are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_
with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for
success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to
harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down
on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem
in schools.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text
by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
What would you do with 590m?
This is now a question for Gloria
Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,
tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery
jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting
feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by
Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that
the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies
of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.
Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly
what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is
far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like
interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These
purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or
memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as
lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most
people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,
spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television
(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,
and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often
more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most
enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason
MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing
trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about
fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in
wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet
the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen
among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the
pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the
authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to
reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come
away from this book believing it was money well spent。
21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most
rewarding purchase?
[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
25.This text mainly discusses how to
[A]balance feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text 2
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical
research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you
are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we
naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into
what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”,
and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average
in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all
obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming
situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative
stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking
we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key
studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have
people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to
identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including
versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual
recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process
occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious
deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-
which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.
Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there
any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the
participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real)
were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who
thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real
directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher
self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any
evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply
of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed,
you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it
makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on
one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as
themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where
people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their
wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s
profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison
university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.
26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found
that ______.
[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high
[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect
[C] our need for leadership is unnatural
[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______
[A] rapid watching
[B] conscious choice
[C] intuitive response
[D] automatic self-defence
28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______
[A] underestimate their insecurities
[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions
[D] oversimplify their illusions
29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning
to_____.
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30. It can be inferred
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