项目管理面试常见问题及答案.docx
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项目管理面试常见问题及答案.docx
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项目管理面试常见问题及答案
项目管理面试常见问题及答案(Projectmanagementinterviewfrequentlyaskedquestionsandanswers)
Thecompositionoftheproblemisasfollows:
1.Knowledgeofprojectmanagementsoftwaretools,
2.Developthetechnologyforprojectplanning;
3.Personnelmanagementskills
4.Communicationskills
5.Principlesystemknowledge(standardlifecycleandprojectmanagement).
Projectmanagementsoftwaretoolknowledge
Question1:
whatisthedifferencebetweentheworkingperiodandtheworkload?
1:
thedurationisthenumberofdaysinthebusiness/calendar,whichisindependentofthenumberofpeopleandtheworkload.Workloadistheworkofpeoplewhohavenothingtodowithcalendardays.Suchas:
Aday'sworkistwodaysforamanwhospends50%ofhistimeonit.Iftwopeopleworkfulltime,thedurationisoneday,andtheworkloadistwoworkingdays.
Question2:
howandwhyshouldweconsiderdependencieswhencompilingaprojectplan?
Answer2:
dependingonthepackageused,dependenciescanberepresentedbyassociatingthetaskswithidentifiersoftheirsubsequenttasks.Dependenciesillustratetheneedtorelate/coordinatetasksbetweentasks.Dependenciescanmeanthatataskmustbecompletedbeforeanothertaskcanbegin.Forexample,thelogicalmodelmustbecompletedbeforethephysicalmodel.Butthetestdoesn'tstartuntilafteralltheprogrammingworkisdone,andifthereisnocompletedprogramthatdoesn'taffectthelineartest.
Theprojectplanaddsdependenciestoidentifytheproject'scriticalpathandtodetermineitsimpactonprojectduration.
Question3:
howdoyoucombinethepaceofworkwiththeplan?
Answer3:
accordingtothespecifictoolsusedbytheorganization,resourcescanbedisorganizedintosmallerresources/unitsorcanbedisorganizedintosmallertasks.
Question4:
howdoyoucombinetraining,holidaysandpersonaleducationschedules?
Answer4:
everyproducthasacompany/globalcalendarthatmarksthenumberofdayswhenyoudon'twork.Eachproductalsohasapersonalresourcecalendarthatindicateswhenapersondoesnotwork.Iftheprojectneedseducationandtraining,youshouldwritethemastasksontheprojectplan.
Question5:
howdoyouarrangeasimilarstatemeetingthatrunsthroughtheprojectbutrequiresminimaltimeandeffort?
Answer5:
itsdurationwillbeaslongastheentireproject,andthepercentageoftheworkloadissmall.Theamountoftimeeachpersonassignedtothetasktakesupaverylowpercentageofhistime.
Question6:
whatisthevalueofthelivereportontheroleoftheplanandthecomparisonbetweentheactualandtheoriginal?
Answer6:
accordingtothespecifictoolsusedbytheorganization,eachtoolinputsanindependentelement/domaininformationintoalivereport.Youcanalsocategorizethereporttoshowthechangesortimetablesofthecriticalpathtoteammembersandotherrelatedgroups.Thesereportsarevaluablefortheimplementationofworkevaluationsandasinputstothenextprojectorphaseoftheproject.Anothervaluableuseforcomparingestimatesandlivereportsistodocumenttheimpactofscopechangesontheproject.
Skillsinprojectplanning
Question7:
whydoyoumakeaprojectplan?
Answer7:
theprojectplanisaroadmaptoasuccessfulsystem.Itprovidesameanstoinformeachpersonwhattheywanttodoandwhen.Ithelpsprojectmanagerstounderstandprojectstatusandadjustspecialresourcesformanagement,businessusers,andsupportgroups.The"list"ofitemizedcolumnsassistsintherapidassessmentofanychanges.Whenalivereportislinkedtotheplan,theprojectplanprovidesusefulinformationforthetaskdivisionandestimationoffutureprojects.
Question8:
howwillyouproceedwiththeprojectplan?
Answer8:
processschedulingisanart.Basedonknownfactsaboutbusinessobjectives,corporatestandards,andpastexperiencethatcanbeutilized.Youcanstartwithacleardefinitionofscopeandgoal.Documenttherisksandconstraintsoftheproject.Poorestimatesstemfromalackofunderstandingofbusinessknowledgeandprojectscope.Youcanstartwithprojecttaskdecomposition,suchasthefirstdivisionphase,
Thendefinetheactivitiesateachstageanddefinethetasksineachactivity.Identifyanddocumentmilestonesanddeliverables.Projectplanningisacontinuousrefinementoflifefileswheninformationbecomesavailable.Itisgoodforprojectmanagers,developmentteams,supportteams,andmanagementandbusinessuserstokeeptrackoftheprogresschanges.
Question9:
howareyougoingtoworkouttheprojectplan?
Answer9:
enteradefinedtaskattheappropriatelevelofactivityandstageorothergeneralcriteria.Connectappropriatedeliverablesandmilestoneswithspecifictasks.Connectallthetasksthatrequiredependencies.Addresourcerolesorresourcenamestoeachtask.Applymeasurementresultstodeterminepriortaskworkload,andspendmoretimeonrequirementsgathering,design,andtesting.Considerallknownholidays,training,vacations,orotherresourcedowntime.Thedraftplanwillbereviewedwithsupportgroups,managementandbusinessusersassupplementaryinputandfinalapproval.
Question10:
howtodeterminethestaffingrequirements?
Answer10:
plandevelopmentwithoutconsideringresourceconstraints.Addrolessuchasdatamodelmakers,businessanalysts,anduserstothetask.Coupledwithcomplementaryresourcesthatcanoverlaptasks.Intheplan,considerthedevelopmentteamthatincludessupportteamsanduserrepresentativeswholoseoneormoreresources,increasingtheremainderby15%oneachtask.Tomakethecompositionoftheprojectteameasytounderstand,itisnecessarytohaveadescriptionofthetechnicallevelnecessaryfortherole.
Question11:
whatisthevalueofaddingameasuretoaproject?
Answer11:
ifusedproperly,measurementisavaluabletool.Theyprovideawaytomeasurethecomplexityandworkloadofthedevelopmentsystem.Themeasurementresultsprovideinformationinputresourcesforthedevelopmentofprojectplans,andarevaluablehistoricalinformationtodeterminethedirectionofdevelopment.Softwaremetricswillhelptodevelopbettersoftware.However,itisbesttohavethreeyearsofhistoricaldata.
Question12:
howdoyouusenewtechnologyinyourplan?
Answer12:
expandtheworkloadwhileincreasingthetrainingtaskandreduceeachunitofwork.Additionalprototypesandcheckpoints(milestones)areaddedtotheprocessofevaluatingtheimpactofnewtechnologiesindevelopment.
Personnelmanagementskills
Question13.Whatisthefirstthingyoushoulddoasaprojectmanager?
Answer13:
inadditiontopayattentiontothedevelopmentdirectionofthecompanyandfindtheirowndevelopmentpath,inthemindtobuildaprojectmanagertofocusonthings(business,company,project,team,theindividual,thechangeoftechnologyandmethodology)priorities.Therefore,meetingswithdepartmentmanagerstoprioritize,arrangeusersandstaffmeetings,andgetstatusreportsandevaluationsofallmembers.Itisimportanttodealwithbusiness,projectandpersonalmattersassoonaspossible.
Question14:
howwillyouproceedwiththeprojectwhenyourstaffisdownby30%?
Answer14:
first,identifyandprioritizeprojectsthatmustbecompletedwithinthenext18months.Associateabsoluteminimumtotalnumberwitheachproject.Explaintheimpactofthescheduletothemanagerandtheuser.Sincebothmaynotbewillingtoacceptchangesintheschedule,youmaybeabletogiveyousomeexceptions.
Losinganadviserisbetterthangettingridofanemployee.Consultantsforeachprojectmaybereplacedbyemployees.Adheretothelearningcurvetheoryandgraduallyreducethenumberofconsultants.Youcanreducetheworkofsomeconsultantsfromoneweektotwoorthreedaysaweek.
Ifthecompanyhasanearlyretirementcheck,lookforqualifiedandapplicableemployees.Keepinmindthatyoumaylosevaluableknowledgebylosingthe"oldman".Trytocombineaquickretireewithanovice.
Determinetheimportanceofremainingemployeesandtheirimportanceineachprojecttomeetthebusinessgoals.
Maketheratioofnoviceandexperiencedpersonnelappropriate.Bothareassetsthatensurethesuccessofprojectsandcompanies.
Question15:
yourteamisprimarilymadeupofnovicesandhasfallenbehind.Whatwillyoudo?
Answer15:
itisimportanttorememberthataprojectisrarelycancelledbecauseithasnotbeencompletedinthedeadline.Projectsarecancelled,mainlyforbusinessgoalssuchaslackoffunding,usersupport,orunmet.
Thefirstthingtodo,therefore,istotrain,whetherindoorsoroutdoors,inclassorthroughvideotapes.Anothertackistoletsenioremployeesorsenioradvisersactasteachers.
Holdmeetingsforpersonalassessmentandcounselling.Helpeachemployeetoaccuratelyassesstheirrespectivestrengthsandweaknesses.Clarifytasksandclarifyallstandardsorguidelinesthatmustbefollowed.Provideaguideforeachemployeefromasuccessfulproject,andallowthemtousetheirtalents.Ifyouneedto,workwiththem.Respondquicklytoanyproblemortask.
Forlargertasks,lookattheirplanstohelpdetermineiftheyunderstandthescopeandpurposeofthetasktoseeiftheycancompletethetask.Listentoyouremployees,andmaybethey'llhavetherightwaytogetthingsdone.Butitalsopreventsemployeesfromgettingfrustratedanddemoralized.
Question16:
howwillyougetalongwithemployeeswhoarecompetingwithyouforthesameposition?
Answer16:
thisisoftenanunpleasantsituation.Employeesalwaysthinktheyarequalifiedforapositionandmanagementisnotawareofthat.Therefore,thefollowinginvestigationshouldbeconduc
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