科技英语大试卷及答案.doc
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科技英语大试卷及答案.doc
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一、单选题(共 15 道试题,共 15 分。
)
V
1. WhenBobandhisfriendscame,we____oursupperthen.B
A.hadB.werehavingC.haveD.arehaving
2. ()hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople,ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaseriousproblemC
A.ThatB.WhatC.InspiteofwhatD.Thoughwhat
3. Ichoseasmallroomwiththewindow_____thestreet.C
A.facesB.facedC.facingD.toface
4. TheoilspillageintheGulfwasofsuch_______thatitseffectswilllastfordecades.
A.magnificenceB.maintenanceC.magnitudeD.manipulationC
5. Jointventuresmay()laborcontractswiththeemployeesaccordingtotheirneedsinproductionandmanagementoperationsC
A.signalB.writeC.signD.draw
6. Theisland’spopulationinitiallynumbered180,buttherewasagradual__________untilonly40peoplewereleft.C
A.declination
B.incline
C.inclination
D.decline
7. ItprovidesastandardformatforWebpagestocreatealink,providetherefreshperiodforapagetochange,__________audiofiles,andformpagesintodifferentframes.B
A.input
B.embed
C.output
D.inbed
8. Noplanforthefuturewillbeacceptableunlessit______povertyandunemployment.
A.abolishesA
B.abuses
C.compels
D.commits
9. Everycountrytriestomaintaina(n)()balanceoftrade,whichassuresitofthemeanstobuynecessaryimportsD
A.organic
B.marine
C.compound
D.favorable
10. Thepresentwaveofstrikes______fromdiscontentamongthelower-paid.
A.stemsA
B.traps
C.raises
D.ranges
满分:
1 分
11. Thezero-tariff(零关税)policyinhelpingtheundevelopedcountriesofAfricahasbrought__________benefittotheAfricanpeople.B
A.substantiate
B.substantial
C.substant
D.subtitle
满分:
1 分
12. Themanagingdirectortookthe()fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfaultB
A.guilt
B.blame
C.accusation
D.charg
13. Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththecomputerbutwehopeto_______itrightbeforetoolong.B
A.correct
B.put
C.sort
D.cope
14. Alicetrustsyou.Onlyyoucan()hertogiveupthefoolishideaD
A.suggest
B.attract
C.tempt
D.persuade
15. Nowthatyouareacollegestudent,youshouldlearntobe()ofyourparents’help
A.dependedD
B.depending
C.dependent
D.independen
二、阅读理解(共 1 道试题,共 10 分。
)
V
1.
Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskindeep.One'sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon'tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.
Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnotsobeautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:
Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties(虔诚)whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup—collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual'saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.
Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:
Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire(追求)tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.
1). Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager_____.B
A.aperson'spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuch
B.aperson'soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification
C.womenshouldalwaysdressfashionably
D.womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohighminded
满分:
2 分
2). Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat___D___.
A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone'sbest
B.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell
C.goodlookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions
D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot
满分:
2 分
3). Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes____B__.
A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskindeep
B.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport
C.theygiveordinarylookingpersonsthelowestratings
D.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual'saccomplishments
满分:
2 分
4). "Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen"(Line1,Para.5)meansthat__C_____.
A.attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs
B.goodlookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything
C.beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen
D.attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions
满分:
2 分
5). Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld__C___.
A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenare
B.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewell
C.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewell
D.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen
满分:
2 分
三、阅读理解(共 1 道试题,共 10 分。
)
V
1.
Inordertotalkaboutthenatureoftheuniverseandtodiscussquestionssuchaswhetherithasabeginningoranend,youhavetobeclearaboutwhatascientifictheoryis.Ishalltakethesimple-mindedviewthatatheoryisjustamodeloftheuniverse,orarestrictedpartofit,andasetofrulesthatrelatequantitiesinthemodeltoobservationsthatwemake.Itexistsonlyinourmindsanddoesnothaveanyotherreality.Atheoryisagoodtheoryifitsatisfiestworequirements.Itmustaccuratelydescribealargeclassofobservationsonthebasisofamodelthatcontainsonlyafewarbitraryelements,anditmustmakedefinitepredictionsabouttheresultsoffutureobservations.Forexample,Aristotle’stheorythateverythingwasmadeoutoffourelements,earth,air,fire,andwater,wassimpleenoughtoqualify,butitdidnotmakeanydefinitepredictions.Ontheotherhand,Newton’stheoryofgravitywasbasedonanevensimplermodel,inwhichbodiesattractedeachotherwithaforcethatwasproportionaltoaquantitycalledtheirmassandinversely
proportionaltothesquareofthedistancebetweenthem.Yetitpredictsthemotionofthesun,themoon,andtheplanetstoahighdegreeofaccuracy.
Anyphysicaltheoryisalwaysprovisional,inthesensethatitisonlyahypothesis:
youcanneverproveit.Nomatterhowmanytimestheresultsofexperimentsagreewithsometheory,youcanneverbesurethatthenexttimetheresultwillnotcontradictthetheory.Ontheotherhand,youcandisproveatheorybyfindingevenasingleobservationthatdisagreeswiththepredictionsofthetheory.Inpractice,whatoftenhappensisthatanewtheorythatisdevisedisreallyanextensionoftheprevioustheory.
Theeventualgoalofscienceistoprovideasingletheorythatdescribesthewholeuniverse.However,theapproachmostscientistsactuallyfollowistoseparatetheproblemintotwoparts.First,therearethelawsthattellushowtheuniversechangeswithtime.Ifweknowwhattheuniverseislikeatanyonetime,thesephysicallawstellushowitwilllookatanylatertime.Second,thereisthequestionoftheinitialstateoftheuniverse.Somepeoplefeelthatscienceshouldbeconcernedwithonlythefirstpart;theyregardthequestionoftheinitialsituationasamatterforreligion.TheywouldsaythatGodcouldhavestartedtheuniverseoffanywayhewanted.Thatmaybeso,butinthatcasehealsocouldhavemadeitdevelopinacompletelyarbitraryway.Yetitappearsthathechosetomakeitevolveinaveryregularwayaccordingtocertainlaws.Itthereforeseemsequallyreasonabletosupposethattherearealsolawsgoverningtheinitialstate.
Itturnsouttobeverydifficulttodeviseatheorytodescribetheuniverseallinonego.Instead,webreaktheproblemupintobitsandinventanumberofpartialtheories.Eachofthesepartialtheoriesdescribesandpredictsacertainlimitedclassofobservations,neglectingtheeffectsofotherquantities,orrepresentingthembysimplesetsofnumbers.Itmaybethatthisapproachiscompletelywrong.Ifeverythingintheuniversedependsoneverythingelseinafundamentalway,itmightbeim
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