06真题与详细解析.docx
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06真题与详细解析.docx
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06真题与详细解析
大学英语六级真题2010年06月
PartⅠWriting
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
1、近年来大小写生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象
2.出现这种现象的原因和后果
3.为了改变这种状况,我认为……
DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese
________________________________
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans
AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.
"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."
White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected—thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourraci'stsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytothe racial stereotypes that black peopleare aggressive and uneducated," says Ashby PlantofFlorida StateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."
Stinginthetail
AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:
thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.
Butfirstthegoodnews.BaraekObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.
TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.
Dramaticshift
Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?
Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"—ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.
Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.
Lingeringracism
IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?
Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?
Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputerbased testthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.
InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashadfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.
Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.
Dropinbias
BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartests,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.
Talkinghonestly
"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.
Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.
Hugeobstacles
Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblaekAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObamaeffect,shesays.
ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."
ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry. "There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.
Beyondrace
Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbar—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:
WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?
AndwhatffAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?
"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism, butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsobasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.
1、HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?
A)Excited. B)Victorious. C)Relieved. D)Anxious.
2、Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehadbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether______.
A)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife B)shecouldobtainherMBAdegree
C)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent D)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers
3、WhatisihefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?
A)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans. B)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.
C)RacistsentimentsinAmerica. D)Thepowerofrolemodels.
4、Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.
A)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged
B)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests
C)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks
D)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection
5、WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?
A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.
B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.
C)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.
D)Websitevisitors'opinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.
6、AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.
A)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain
B)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans
C)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies
D)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality
7、CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.
A)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation B)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblacks'potential
C)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety D
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