南京市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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南京市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.
"
Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"
saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential(潜力)intermsofheight.
Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"
Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"
Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."
(1)Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'
sheightinthelastcentury?
A.
Theincreaseinpeople'
sheighthasbeenquickening.
B.
Theincreaseinwomen'
sheightisbiggerthaninmen'
s.
C.
Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.
D.
Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.
(2)WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?
Theyenjoyaneasierlife.
Theytendtolivelonger.
Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases.
Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"
reversed"
inParagraph5mean?
Sloweddown.
Goneupwards.
Changedtothecontrary.
Cometolifeagain.
(4)WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?
Ensurechildren'
spropernutritionandhealthcare.
Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.
Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.
Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。
我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。
如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里,人们的身高不断增长,韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上,伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。
一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。
"
可知,这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高,得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知,身材更高的人平均寿命更长。
故选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期,乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加;
以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中,随着身高的下降。
可知,reversed的意思是"
反转"
。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来的几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
可知,他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity(繁荣).Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;
thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;
thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.
However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:
Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'
tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'
ttry."
Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'
sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve(缓解)canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.
(1)Whyaresomepeopleinfavorofcompetition?
Becausetheythinkcompetitionpushessocietyforward.
Becausetheythinkcompetitionimprovessocialabilities.
Becausetheythinkcompetitionbuildsupasenseofpride.
Becausetheythinkcompetitiondevelopspeople'
srelationship.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"
themostvocal"
inParagraph3referto?
Peoplewhotrytheirbesttowin.
Peoplewhohighlyvaluecompetition.
Peoplewhoarestronglyagainstcompetition.
Peoplewhomostlyrelyonothersforsuccess.
(3)Whichviewpointdoestheauthoragreeto?
Self-worthreliesonwinning.
Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.
Competitionleadstounfriendlyrelationship.
Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.
(4)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.
Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutcompetition.
Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.
Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。
根据第一段中的“Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.”可知,一些人赞成竞争是因为他们认为竞争促进社会的进步和繁荣。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“theystronglyblamecompetition"
他们强烈谴责竞争;
以及"
youngsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety"
遭受来自父母或社会的竞争压力的年轻人,可推知,画线部分的意思是"
强烈反对的"
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的”Onlyasthisbasicand
oftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolvecanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.“只有当这种基本的、常常令人烦恼的恐惧开始消失时,我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。
可推知,作者认为竞争要摆脱对失败的恐惧。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段”Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;
thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.“在现代社会,关于竞争有很多争论。
有些人非常重视它,认为它对社会进步和繁荣负有责任。
其他人说竞争是不好的;
它使一个人反对另一个人;
这会导致人与人之间不友好的关系。
以及下文内容可知,本文主要介绍人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenfallalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'
tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'
dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.
Thefactthatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativethechangetodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet—butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyinvolved.
Actually,thisisn'
tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirownareoneoftheclassicuse-casesfordriverlesscars.
Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.
Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation:
59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.
Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewh
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