高考英语专题复习比较用法附答案文档格式.docx
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高考英语专题复习比较用法附答案文档格式.docx
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gayest
wide
wider
widest
free
freer
freest
foolish
morefoolish
mostfoolish
beautiful
morebeautiful
mostbeautiful
单音节词多采用er和est形式;
三音节或三音节以上的词采用more和most形式;
双音节词既可采用er和est形式,也可采用more和most形式,这里虽无绝对规定,但下列词多用er和est形式,如:
happy(happier,happiest)pretty(prettier,prettiest)
narrow(narrower,narrowest)shallow(shallower,shallowest)
注意:
在有些词后加了er和est以后,读音有所改变,:
如:
young//youngeryoungest
strong,long,
purepurerpurest
clever,tender,dear,
simplesimplersimplest
humble,lovable,
2.副词比较级和最高级的规则形式
副词比较级和最高级的规则形式和形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式相似。
一般地说,单音节词常用er和est形式,而以ly结尾的以及一些表示频度的时间副词多半用加more和most的形式。
hard
harder
hardest
soon
sooner
soonest
carefully
morecarefully
mostcarefully
seldom
moreseldom
mostseldom
二、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式
有少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的,如:
bad/ill
worse
worst
good/well
better
best
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
few
fewer/less
fewest/least
三、比较结构
1.as+形容词或副词+as
JackisastallasJill.
否定用notas…as(notso…as)
Londonisnotso(as)modernasNewYork.
2.形容词或副词的比较级+than
Inallcultures,somepeoplearemorefreewiththeirhandsthanothers.
否定用less…than也可以,但不及用notas(so)…as的场合多。
MaryislesscarefulthanJane./Maryisnotas(so)carefulasJane.
BillspeaksFrenchlesswellthanhewritesit./BillspeaksFrenchworsethanhewritesit.
3.(the)+形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围
It’sthemostinterestingbookI’veeverread.
Whoisthemostseniorofficerpresent?
Heworkshardestofall.
否定可以用theleast…:
但是这种用法几乎常被反义词的最高级形式所替代,试比较:
ThisistheleastdifficultbookI’veeverread./ThisisthemostuninterestingbookI’veeverread.
4.moreandmore结构
这是一种形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级构成的结构,或者是moreandmore+形容词或副词的原级,含义是“越来越”。
Hefelthebegantoseethingsmoreandmoreclearly.
Thetownisgettingbiggerandbigger.
5.themore…themore…结构
这个结构的构成是the+形容词或副词的比较级…the+形容词或副词的比较级,通常前者相当于一个程度状语分句,后者为主句,含义是“越……就越…….”。
这种结构的特点是前后都可以有所省略,也能采用倒装语序。
Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe’llbeabletoleave.
Thelesssheworried,thebettersheworked.
Themoregrainweproduce,thegreaterwillbeourachievement.
Themoreairthereisinsidethetyre,theharderitispressedtogether,andsotheharderitpushesontheinsideofthetyre.
四、比较结构中的省略问题
比较结构通常总有些成分被省略,或是在分句中省略某些与主句相同的部分,或是省略在特定上下文或情景中某些不言而喻的部分。
1.最高级比较结构中的省略
在最高级比较结构中,有两种省略:
一是在一定上下文中省略比较范围,这比较常见,如:
Whichdoyouthinkistheprettiest?
Wholivesnearesttoschool?
2.省略形容词最高级后面的名词中心词,如:
Theseareourjuiciest(oranges)today.
I’msorry,they’rethesweetest(oranges)we’vegot,wedon’thaveanymore.
3.有一种表示“极,最”意义的最高级结构,并不和其他事物相比,因而也就不存在省略问题,如:
Ihavenottheslightestideathathewillcome.
Pleaseacceptmydeepestgratitude.
Ishalldoitwiththegreatestpleasure.
4.as…as和morethan比较结构中的省略
1)在分句中省略了谓语的全部:
Heisbiggerthantheboywesawyesterday.
Castironisasusefulassteel.
It’sprettierthanmine.
2)在分句中省略了谓语的一部分:
Theendofthemoviewasn’tasgoodasthebeginningwas.
Marsisfartherfromtheearththanthemoonis.
MaryhasknownPeterbetterthanshehas(known)John.
Wasn’tanybodylaterthanwewere?
3)有时在分句中以替代词do的某个形式代替主句的谓语部分:
GeorgewritesasneatlyasJohndoes.
Theyboughtfewerbooksthantheothersdid.
分句中的主语和替代词do也可采用倒装的形式:
Somepeoplehavenodoubtthattheircatunderstandsasmanywordsasdoesadog.
NobodydidmoreforeducationinthiscountrythandidthelateMr.Green.
4)在分句中省略了主语和谓语的大部分,只剩下一个修饰成分:
TheroadsaremuchquieterherethaninLondon.
Thingsarenobetterthanbefore.
It’srainingharderthanever.
It’sapitytheweatherisn’tasgoodaslasttime.
Heisbetterthan(hewas)whenIlastvisitedhim.
如果比较结构表示的是比较少见的不同物质之间的比较,分句通常就不可以采取省略的形式:
Heisnotsowiseasheiswitty.
Thegirlwasasbrilliantasshewasbeautiful.
Thisbookcaseiswiderthanitistall.
五、有关比较结构的几点补充说明
1.前面讲的三种比较结构都具有相对性,可以交替使用。
HeismorecapablethanI.=Iamnotsocapableashe.
Georgedidmoreworkthananyoneelse.=Georgedidthemost.
Ilikenothingbetter.=It’sthebestthingIlike.
Itcan’tbeworse.=It’stheworstthingIeverknew.
NothinginmylifeshookmesodeeplyasthisfirstvisittoChina.=WhatshookmemostinmylifewasmyfirstvisittoChina.
2.形容词比较结构与名词搭配时的词序问题。
在as…as或morethan结构中,如果出现名词,通常将名词置于比较结构中。
Ihaven’tseenasoldacarasthisforyears.
Ican’tdrinkassweetcoffeeasthis.
TherearemoreintelligentmenthanJohn.
但有时也将名词置于比较结构之前。
Ihaven’tseenacarasoldasthisforyears.
Ican’tdrinkcoffeeassweetasthis.
TherearemenmoreintelligentthanJohn.
3.比较结构的修饰语
修饰as…as结构的有:
nearly,almost,exactly,twice,(three)times,notnearly,nothalf,nothinglike,bynomeans,nowherenear,quite等词,这些修饰语无一例外地置于as…as 结构之前。
修饰morethan结构的有:
far,even,many,much,still,alot,a(little)bit,rather,slightly,(three)times,notany等词,这些修饰语一般置于morethan结构之前。
修饰最高级结构的有:
byfar,much,easily,nearly,almost,notquite,notreally,bynomeans,nothinglike,nowherenear,nest,second,third,yet,ever等,这些修饰语位置各有不同,可前,可中,可后。
4.当morethan结构表示“与其说不如说”时,它实质上不能算是比较结构。
Heismorebigthanstrong.
Iwasmoreannoyedthanworriedwhentheydidn’tcomehome.
这种句子肯定前者,与lessthan恰好相反。
Hewaslesshurtthanfrightened.(=Hewasmorefrightenedthanhurt.)
当morethan表示“不止是:
时,也不是比较结构。
MytriptoBeijingwasmorethansightseeing.
Heismorethanhappyaboutit.
Hemorethancomplained:
hethrewthewholebookofrulesatme.
此外,诸如asfarastheGreatWall,asfarbackasthe16thcentury,asrecentlyasMay14th等搭配中的as…as结构也是这种情况。
1.注意区分most的用法。
当most做”非常的”讲时,前面不用the,但可用a:
Sheismostbeautiful.Heisamostlearnedman.
2.注意asmuchofa…as,moreofa…than,lessofa…than的用法:
ItwasmuchofasuccessasIhadhoped.
Heismoreofasportsmanthanhisbrother.
HeislessofafoolthanIthoughthewas.
3.有些形容词直接表示了比较的意思,如superiorto,inferiorto,advantageover等。
4.有些形容词因为逻辑上的考虑,一般没有比较级或最高级,如:
perfect,complete,round,wooden,dead.
II.练习:
1.HerfluencyinEnglishgivesheranadvantage_____othergirlsforthejob.
A)aboveB)overC)thanD)with
2.Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople_____harmthem.
A)morethanB)otherthanC)ratherthanD)betterthan
3.Theyusuallyhavelessmoneyattheendofthemonththan_____atthebeginning.
A)whichisB)whichwasC)theyhaveD)itis
4.Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjust_____classes
A)attendB)attendedC)toattendD)attending
5.Mr.Johnsonpreferred_____heavierworktodo.
A)tobegivenB)tobegivingC)tohavegivenD)havinggiven
6.Sheis_____amusicianthanherbrother.
A)muchofB)muchasC)moreofD)moreas
7.Beethovenismyfavoritemusician.Iregardhimas_____othermusicians
A)superiortoB)moresuperiorthanC)moresuperiortoD)superiorthan
8.Certainprogramsworkbetterforsome_____forothers.
A)andB)thanC)asD)but
9.Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion_____.
A)tobepaidmorethanamonthlaterB)tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonth
C)topaylaterthanamonthmoreD)topaylatemorethanamonth
10.Ifyoudon’tliketoswim,you_____stayathome.
A)shouldaswellB)mayaswellC)canaswellD)wouldaswell
11.Radio,televisionandpress_____ofconveyingnewsandinformation.
A)arethemostthreecommonmeansB)arethethreemostcommonmeans
C)arethemostcommonthreemeansD)arethreethemostcommonmeans
12.InBritain,thebestseasonoftheyearisprobably_____spring.
A)laterB)lastC)latterD)late
13.Cancerissecondonly_____heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.
A)ofB)toC)withD)from
14.Youngadults_____olderpeoplearemorelikelytopreferpopsongs.
A)otherthanB)morethanC)lessthanD)ratherthan
15.Meltedironispouredintothemixermuch_____teaispouredintoacupfromateapot.
A)inthesamewaylikeB)inthesamewayC)inthesamewaywhichD)inthesamewayas
16.Findingajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeen_____hiswildestdreams.
A)underB)overC)aboveD)beyond
17.Itisreportedthat_____adoptedchildrenwanttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare.
A)themostB)mostofC)mostD)themostof
18.Thelittlewas____onemeterfiftyhigh.
A)almostmorethanB)hardlymorethanC)nearlymorethanD)asmuchas
19.Youcannotbe_____carefulwhenyoudriveacar.
A)veryB)soC)tooD)enough
20.Iftapwaterwasdangerousassomepeoplethink,_____wouldbegettingsick.
A)alotofusmoreB)morealotofusC)alotofusmoreD)alotmoreofus
21.Americanseat____astheyactuallyneedeveryday.
A)twiceasmuchproteinB)proteinasmuchtwice
C)twiceproteinasmuchD)proteinastwicemuch
22.Therearefewelectronicapplications_____toraisefearsregardingfutureemploymentopportunitiesthanrobots.
A)likelyB)morelikelyC)mostlikelyD)muchlikely
23.Thetrumpetwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn’tbotheredbyhisloudness_____byhislackoftalent.
A)thanB)morethanC)asD)somuchas
24.Fiftyyearsago,wealthypeoplelikedhuntingwildanimalsforfun_____sightseeing.
A)thantogoB)ratherthantogoC)morethangoingD)otherthangoing
25._____intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.
A)ThefourthbiggestcityitwasB)Oncethefourthbiggestcity
C)BeingthefourthbiggestcityD)Itwasoncethefourthbiggestcity
III.答案及详解:
1.B)题意:
她英语流利,因而在竟争职位时比别的女孩有优势
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