CIF术语与FOB术语的比较和运用论文全英Word格式文档下载.docx
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CIF术语与FOB术语的比较和运用论文全英Word格式文档下载.docx
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学生学号:
XXXXXX
系别:
外语系
专业:
商务英语
年级:
XXXXX
层次:
大学本科
指导老师:
XXX
设计日期:
20103月
ComparisonBetweenCIFTermAndFOBTerm
Abstract
Nowadaystradetermshaveplayanimportantroleintheinternationaltradeaffairs.Thereisastrongbondamongthetermsagreeduponbothsidesandtheresponsibilitiesbetweentwotradingpartners.ThenCIFtradetermandFOBtradetermisadoptedandsupportedbyinternationalmerchantsmoreandmorepopularinrecently.ThisthesiswillintroducesomecorrespondingfunctionsandresponsibilitiesofCIFtermandFOBtermindetailsandtherewillbeacomparisonbetweenFOBtermandCIFtermaccordingtotheinternationalsituation.
Keywords:
International.tradeaffairs.tradeterms.CIF.FOB
中文摘要
现今贸易术语在国际贸易实务中扮演着极其重要的角色,它紧密联系着双方贸易的条件与责任。
而CIF术语和FOB术语在近期受到了越来越多国际贸易商家的采用和支持,本论文将对CIF和FOB术语的对应功能与责任作一个详细的介绍并结合当今世界发展形势对两者作相关比较。
关键词:
国际贸易实务贸易术语CIF术语FOB术语
Catalog
1.Introduction
1.1tradeterms
2.FOBtermandCIFterm
2.1WhatisFOB
2.2WhatisCIF
2.3TheresponsibilitybothtwopartiesunderFOBtermandCIFterm
3.ComparingwithFOBtermandCIFterm,studyhowtochoosetheappropriatetradetermsininternationaltradeaffairs.
3.1Aboutcharges
3.2Abouttherightofbookingspace
3.3Aboutinsurance
3.4Aboutdeliverytypes
3.5Aboutrisk
3.6HowtochooseCIFtermandFOBterm
3.61Fromtheperspectiveofexportation
3.62Fromtheperspectiveofimportation
3.63Nowadaysthetrendininternationaltrade
4.Concultion
1.Introduction
1.1tradeterms
Firstofall,gettingagoodunderstandingoftradetermsIsveryimportantforpeopletoreadthisthesismoreclearly.SonowIwillintroducesomethingabouttradeterms.Ininternationaltrade,pricetermliesatthecoreofthetermsandconditionsofacontractandoftenresultsinsomeofthekeyproblemforwhichanexporterandanimporterhavetostrive.What’smore,sendinggoodsfromonecountrytoanother,aspartofacommercialtransaction,canbeariskybusiness.Iftheyarelostordamaged,orifdeliverydoesnottakeplaceforsomeotherreasons,theclimateofconfidencebetweenthepartiesmaydegeneratetothepointwherealawsuitisbrought.Thus,thepricingproblemanexporterandanimporterdealwithisfarmorecomplicatedthanthatindomestictrade.Besidesthecostcoveredinthecalculationofexportprice,thepricequotationinexporttradeshouldalsoindicatewhichpartyistobeartheexpensesoffreightage,insuranceandotherrelevantcharges,andwhichpartyistobeartherisksincaseofthegoodsbeingdamaged.Inordertocompletetheirdealssuccessfully,thesellersandthebuyersininternationalcontractshadbetter,attheverybeginningofthedeal,makecleartoeachothertheirrespectiveobligationsandfindthefullexpressionofthoseinthetradeterms.Thereisnodoubtthatundernocircumstancecanabuyergetaquotationwithouttradetermsininternationaltrade.Tradetermsareshorttermsandabbreviationswhichareusedtoexplainthepricecomposition,todefinethemethodofdeliveryofthegoodssold,toindicatewhichpartybearsthefreight,insuranceandotherrelevantcharges,andassumetheliabilityincasedamageorlossofthegoodsoccurs.Tradetermsensurebothexporterandimporterknowtheirownresponsibility.Inforeigntrade,therearevariouspricesforthesamecommodity.Grantingthatthecostofacertaincommodityisthesameex-factory,thepricesquotedbythesellerwillvarywiththepointofdelivery.Forexample,inthecaseofacontractbasedonCIFtermsas“CIFLondon”statedabove,thatmeansthesellerbearsallthecost,frightandinsuranceuptothenamedportofdestination,here,“London”
Asoneoftheimportanttradeterms.FOBtermisfrequentlyusedininternationaltrade.Thusitisquitenecessarytoknowtheexactmeaningofit.AccordingtoIncoterms2000,wecanknowthatFOBisshortforFreeonBoard.Itstipulatesthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavepassedovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Atthesametime,thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetogoodsfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.
AccordingtoIncoterms2000.CIFisshortforCost,InsuranceandFreight.Thatmeansthesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationbuttheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredonboardthevessel,istransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportoftheshipment.Inaddition,thesellerhastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.ThebuyershouldnotethatunderCIFtermthesellerisonlyrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonminimumcoverage.TheCIFtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.
2.3TheresponsibilitybothtwopartiesunderFOBtermandCIFterm
AbouttheresponsibilitybothtwopartiesunderFOBtermandCIFterm,Iwillnotmakeadetailstatementhere,andIthinkaformmaybemoresuitableforpeopletogetagoodunderstandingaboutthem.Let’sseetheformasfollow:
Terms
FOB
CIF
Charges
Thesellerpaysallcostsrelatingtothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.
Beingtransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportoftheshipment.
Pointfordivisionofrisk
Bookingspace
buyer
seller
Insurance
Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.
Deliveredterms
actualdelivery
symbolicdelivery
Indifferentcasetradermaychoosedifferentterms.JustlikeFOBtermandCIFterm,whethertradercanchoosearighttermornotisimportantforadeal.
3.1Aboutcharges
ComparingwithFOBterm,thepointfordivisionofriskofCIFtermistheportofdischarge.
Abouttherightofbookingspace,therightiscontrolledbythesellerandtheycanchoosethenamedcarrierandshipunderCIFterm.ButunderFOBterm.Thebuyertakeschargeofthebookingspace.So,infact,thesellerhastowaitfortheshipwhichisnamedbythebuyer,inaddition,thegoodshavetobecheckedbythecarrierbeforeshipment.
UnderCIFterm,thesellerhastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Furthermorethebuyershouldnotethatthesellerisonlyrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonminimumcoverage.Ifthebuyerwantsanotherhigherinsurancecoverage,heshouldmakeadealwiththesellerdefinitely,andmakeanotherarrangementfortheextrapremium.ButunderFOBterm,thesellerhasnoresponsibilitytocoverinsurance;
thebuyershouldcoverinsurancebythemselves.Ifthegoodsarelossofordamagedbeforepasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment,thesellershouldbearallthelossesbecausethegoodsdidn’tpasstheship’srail.Althoughthesellerenjoystheinsurableinterest,butheisnotthenamedpersonoftheinsurancepolicywhichthebuyerholdsandtheycan’tprovetherelationwiththeinsurer.Atthesametime,thebuyerholdstheinsurancepolicy,butheisnotenjoyownershipofthegoods,Sohealsohasnotenoughconditionstoclaimfortheinsurer.Underthissituation,thegoodsabsolutelyhaven’tanyguarantee.SowecanknowthatifunderCIFterm,thetradercanavoidthoseproblem.Causefirstly,thesellercoversinsurance.Secondly,thesellerholdstheinsurancepolicy.Thirdly,thesellerenjoysownershipofthegoods,heisprovidedwiththeinsurableinterest,hehastherighttoclaimfortheinsurer.
3.4Aboutdeliverytypes
Aboutdeliverytypes,itissymbolicdeliveryunderCIFterm.AndFOBtermisactualdelivery.Symbolicdeliverymeansthatassellerfinishtheshipmentatthenamedplaceinavailabletime,andshowssomerelateddocumentsincludingdocumentsoftitletothegoodstothebuyercompliancewiththecontract,thesellerfulfillstheobligationsofdelivery,andheneedn’tmakesurewhetherthegoodsarearrivalornot.Then,actualdeliveryisthesellershoulddeliversthegoodsaccordingtothecontracttothebuyerornamedpeopleatthenamedplaceonspecifiedtime.hecannotmakethedocumentsreplacesthegoods.Undersymbolicdeliverythesellerdeliversthegoodsaccordingtothedocuments.Thebuyerpaysforthegoodsaccordingtothedocuments.Asthesellerprovidesallthedocumentsfitthestipulationsofthecontract,thebuyershouldpayforthegoodseventhoughthegoodsarelosingordamagedduringtransportation.SounderCIFtermthesellershouldtrytheirbesttoprovidesomedocumentsforthebuyerassoonaspossiblewhenthegoodsaretookontotheship.Inaddition,thedocumentsshouldbeavailable,thenalsorequiretheyarevalidandhavelegaleffect,otherwise,thebuyerhasrighttorejectthegoodsandclaimfor
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- CIF 术语 FOB 比较 运用 论文