初中英语新课标规定6时态.docx
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初中英语新课标规定6时态.docx
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初中英语新课标规定6时态
I、动词时态语态总体讲解
义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)要求掌握6种时态的用法和3种时态的被动语态。
时态:
一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去进行时一般将来时;被动语态:
一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时
时间
形态
一般
进行
完成
完成进行
主动
do
bedoing
havedone
havebeendoing
被动
bedone
bebeingdone
havebeendone
havebeenbeingdone
现在
(原形/单三)
一般现在时
现在进行时态
现在完成时
do/does
am/isaredone
am/is/aredoing
have/hasdone
过去
(过去式)
一般过去时
过去进行时态
did
was/weredone
was/weredoing
将来
(will+do)
一般将来时
willdo
willbedone
时态
一般现在时
一、动词形式:
动词原形或第三人称单数(be动词为am/is/are)
动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则:
规则要点
规则具体条文
例词
注意
轻松记忆:
一加s;二加es;三变y为i,再加es。
一、加s
一般在词尾+s
read→readsplay→plays
write→writeswork→works
drive→drivesrun→runs
二、加es
以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的+es
watch→watchescatch→catches
mix→mixes
push→pushes
do→does
go→goes
三、变y为i,再加es
以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i+es
carry→carries
cry→cries
buy→buys
say→says
obey→obeys
Exercise:
写出下列动词的第三人称单数
rubseepushhavecarryride
Snowteachgosmiledrinkkiss
dorunsleepwritefixwrite
cryeatdrivelaughstudybrush
一般现在时概述
TheSimplePresent
1.Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.
2.Theaveragepersonbreathes21,000timesaday.
3.Theglobeisalmostround.
一般现在时被用来表达过去、现在和将来都不变的事实。
表述客观事实和永恒真理。
5.Istudyfortwohourseverynight.
6.Hegetsupatsixeverymorning.
7.Shealwayseatsasandwichforlunch.
一般现在时被用来表达习惯性动作和日常活动。
2、一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常发生或反复发生的事情。
表示习惯性、永久性或反复发生的动作。
常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,nowandthen,onSundays,twiceaday等时间状语连用。
Heusuallygetsupatsix.
Mr.Smithoftenwalkstowork.
Marywalksherdogtwiceaday.
Exercise1—ORAL:
Usealways,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,rarely,nevertotalkaboutyouractivities(yourhabits)after5:
00P.M.Everyday.
1.eatdinner15.study
2.eatdinneratsixo’clock16.studyEnglishgrammar
3.eatdinnerateighto’clock17.drinkmilk
4.watchTV18.gotobed
5.listentomusic19.domyhomework
6.gotoamovie20.haveasnack
7.goshopping21.eatsomefruit
8.godancing22.gotobed
9.goswimming23.gotobedearly
10.spendtimewithmyfriend24.24.gotobedat10:
00
11.talkonthephone25.gotobedlate
12.speakEnglish26.turnoffthelights
13.writeae-mail25.dream
14.readanewspaper26.dreaminEnglish
Exercise2:
Usetheitalicstocompletethesentences.
1.pay,alwaysBoris___________________________hisbillsontime.
2.cry,seldomOurbaby________________________atnight.
3.studyPaul_______________________atthelibraryeveryday.
4.stay,usuallyJean_______________________homeatnight.
5.flyKunioispilot.He_____________________aplane.
6.carry,alwaysCarol____________________________herbooktoclass.
7.pryJack___________________________everyday.
8.buy,seldomAnn________________________newclothes.
9.worryTinaisagoodstudent,butshe_________________.
10.enjoyDon______________________________goodfood.
Exercise3:
Completethesentencesusingthewordsinthebrackets.
Exercise4:
Usethecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebracketstocompletethepassage.
Sam(enjoy)__________cooking.He(try,often)______________tomakenewrecipes.He(like)______________tohavecomponyfordinner.He(invite)___________metodinneronceamonth.WhenIarrive,I(go)__________tothekitchenand(watch)_________himcook.He(have,usually)__________________threeorfourpotsonthestove.He(watch)_________thepotscarefully.He(make)_____________abigmessinthekitchenwhenhecooks.Afterdinner,he(wash,always)_______________allthedishesand(clean)___________kitchen.I(cook,never)____________________.It(be)________________toomuchtrouble.ButmyfriendSam(love)__________tocook.
(2)表示永恒的真理
Timeandtidewaitfornoman.
Metalexpandswhenheated.
Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.
Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤孰能无过。
(3)表示现在的情况或状态
表示特征、能力、现在的情况或状态。
Shewearsareddress.
JohnspeaksGermany.
Angelsareusuallyshowninthepicturesdressedinwhite,withwings.
DoesLilylivedowntown?
(4)一般现在时表示将来
1)在时间、条件、让步和比较等状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Whenyoucome,pleasetellmeaheadoftime.
AnnawillcallmebackassoonasshelandsonBeijing.
Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthemeeting.
Thejourneywon’tstartuntilMr.Blackcomes.
2)时刻表或时间表上已安排好将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Thesportsmeetingtakesplacenextweek.
OurtripstartsfromMountTaitomorrowandfinishesupinHuashanMountainthreedayslater.
(5)用在Here/There引导的倒装句中。
Herecomesthebus.
Theregoesthebell.
时态
现在进行时
一、动词构成形式:
am/is/aredoing(现在分词)
be
动词现在分词的构成规则
规则
规则条文
例词
注意
轻松记忆:
动词V-ing的构成:
一加、二去e、三双写、四变ie为y,词尾统统加-ing。
一加
一般加-ing。
learn-learning
work-working
do-doing
fight-fighting
grow-growing
以y结尾直接加-ing
stay-staying
carry-carrying
try-trying
fly-flying
buy-buying
二去e
以不发音的字母e结尾的,去e,再加-ing。
write-writing
take-taking
smile-smiling
以发音的e结尾直接加-ing
see-seeing
be-being
三双写
重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。
cut-cutting
shop-shopping
swim-swimming
begin-beginning
run-running
prefer-preferred
非重读闭音节单词直接加-ing
develop-developing
listen-listening
open-opening
offer-offering
四变ie为y
以ie结尾的,先变ie为y,再加-ing。
die-dying
tie-tying
lie-lying
注:
重读闭音节:
现在进行时概述
ThePresentProgressive
1.Johnissleepingrightnow.
2.Ineedanumbrellabecauseitisraining.
3.Thestudentsaresittingattheirdesksrightnow.
现在进行时表达当前说话时正在进行的活动。
当前这一活动始于过去,目前正在进行,可能结束于将来某个时刻。
4.Iamtakingfivecoursesthissemester.
5.Johnistryingtoimprovehisworkhabits.
6.Susaniswritinganotherbookthisyear.
现在进行时表达现阶段正在进行的活动(如本周,这个月,今年等),但并不意味着当前说话时正在进行。
二、现在进行时基本用法
(一)说话时正在进行的动作或状态
动作始于过去,说话时没有完成,仍将继续下去。
常与now,atthismoment,atpresent等时间状语连用。
I’mwatchingamoviebySpielberg.
It’sraininghardoutside.
(二)表示现阶段一段时间在做的事,此刻动作不一定正在进行。
I’mteachingpart-timeinamiddleschool.
DavidiswatchingaTVseriesthisweek.
(三)表示将要发生的动作
1)表示计划安排好的将来动作。
常与具体的将来时间状语连用,并且主语是人。
Theyaregettingmarriednextmonth.
LauraisflyingtoFrancetomorrow.
2)表示马上就要发生的情况,用于瞬间动词come,go,leave,arrive,start,begin,stop,return等,意为“马上就”
Thetrainisstoppinginafewminutes.
TheChristmasiscoming.
(四)表示特定的情感
表示经常性的动作,常与always,usually,forever等连用,表达“喜欢”或“厌恶”等情感。
She’salwaysworking.(
He’sforeverfindingfaultwithwhatIdo.
Mariaisalwaysthinkingofothersinsteadofherself.
时态
现在完成时
1、动词构成形式:
have/has+V-ed(过去分词)
动词过去式和过去分词的构成:
(一)规则动词
(二)不规则动词
(1)规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成
规则
规则条文
例词
注意
轻松记忆:
动词V-ed的构成:
一加、二变、三双写,词尾统统加-ed。
一加
一般加-ed。
learn-learnedlisten-listened
以e结尾的,直接加-d
hope-hopedlike-liked
二变
以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i+-ed
carry-carried
try-tried
study-studied
以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加-ed。
stay-stayedplay-played
enjoy-enjoyed
三双写
重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。
shop-shopped
stop-stopped
drop-dropped
prefer-preferred
非重读闭音节单词,直接加-ed。
stay-stayedlisten-listened
open-openedoffer-offered
(2)不规则动词动词表(来源于2011年版《义务教育英语新课程标准》P88-91)
不规则动词表
动词
过去式
过去分词
be(am,isare)是,在,存在
was,were
been
bear忍受,生(孩子)
bore
born
beat敲打,打,打败
beat
beaten
become变成,成为,变得
became
become
begin开始,首先
began
begun
blow风吹,吹气于
blew
blown
break破裂,打破
broke
broken
bring拿来,带来
brought
brought
build建造,建筑
built
built
burn燃烧
burnt/burned
burnt/burned
buy买,购买
bought
bought
can能够,可以
could
—
catch抓,捕捉
caught
caught
choose选择,选定
chose
chosen
come来,来临
came
come
cost花费,值
cost
cost
cut切(割、削)
cut
cut
dig掘,挖
dug
dug
do做
did
done
draw绘画,拖,拉
drew
drawn
dream做梦,梦想
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt/dreamed
drink喝
drank
drunk
drive驾驶
drove
driven
eat吃
ate
eaten
fal落下
fell
fallen
feed喂养
fed
fed
feel摸,触,感觉,觉得
felt
felt
fight打架,战斗
fought
fought
find找到,发现,感到
found
found
fly飞翔,飘扬
flew
flown
forget忘记
forgot
forgotten
get获得,变成,收获
got
got/gotten
give给,授予
gave
given
go走,去
went
done
grow生长,成长
grew
grown
hang悬挂
hung
hung
hang施以绞刑,绞死
hanged
hanged
have(has)有,持有,
had
had
hear听到,听说,听取,
heard
heard
hide隐藏,掩藏
hid
hidden
hit打击,打,碰撞,击中,袭击,
hit
hit
hold拿,抱,握住
held
held
hurt伤害,(使)痛心,(使)伤
hurt
hurt
keep保持,保存
kept
kept
know知道,了解,认识
knew
known
lay放置,铺设,产(卵)
laid
laid
lead领导,引导
led
led
learn学习
learned,learnt
learned,learnt
leave离开
left
left
lend借给
lent
lent
let让,允许
let
let
lie躺,位于
lay
lain
lie撒谎
lied
lied
light点火,生火,点燃
lit/lighted
lit/lighted
lose遗失,浪费,错过,输去,使失去
lost
lost
make制造,使成为,产生
made
made
may可以,也许,可能
might
—
mean意为,意思是,意味着
meant
meant
meet遇见,遇到,会面
met
met
mistake弄错,误解
mistook
mistaken
must必须,应该
must
—
pay支付,交纳
paid
paid
put放,摆,安置
put
put
read读,阅读,理解
read[red]
read[red]
ride乘,骑,驾
rode
ridden
ring响铃,按铃
rang
rung
rise上升,增加,上涨
rose
risen
run跑,赛跑,奔跑
ran
run
say说
said
said
see看,看见
saw
seen
sell出售,卖
sold
sold
send送,寄,发送,派遣
sent
sent
set放,置
set
set
shake摇动,摇,颤抖,震动
shook
shaken
shall将要,会
should
—
shine照耀,发光擦亮
shone
shone
show表示,展览,炫耀
showed
shown
shut关上,闭上,关闭
shut
shut
sing唱,演唱
sang
sung
sit就座,坐
sat
sat
sleep睡,睡觉
slept
slept
smell闻
smelt/smelled
smelt/smelled
speak说话,发言,演讲
spoke
spoken
speed急行,加速
sped
sped
spell拼写,拼读
spelt/spelled
spelt/spelled
spend花费,消耗
spent
spent
spread伸展,展开,传播
spread
spread
stand站,立,站起
stood
stood
steal偷,窃取,偷窃,偷盗
stole
stolen
stick粘贴
stuck
stuck
swim游泳
swam
swum
take拿,获得
take
taken
teach教,讲授,教授
taught
taught
tell告诉,断定
told
told
thin
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