奥巴马就中东和北非问题演讲.docx
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奥巴马就中东和北非问题演讲.docx
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奥巴马就中东和北非问题演讲
奥巴马就中东和北非问题演讲
(中英文)
TheWhiteHouse
OfficeofthePressSecretary
ForImmediateReleaseMay19,2011
RemarksbythePresidentontheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica
StateDepartment,Washington,DC
THEPRESIDENT:
Thankyou. Thankyou. (Applause.)Thankyouverymuch. Thankyou. Please,haveaseat. Thankyouverymuch. IwanttobeginbythankingHillaryClinton,whohastraveledsomuchtheselastsixmonthsthatsheisapproachinganewlandmark--onemillionfrequentflyermiles.IcountonHillaryeverysingleday,andIbelievethatshewillgodownasoneofthefinestSecretariesofStateinournation’shistory.
TheStateDepartmentisafittingvenuetomarkanewchapterinAmericandiplomacy. Forsixmonths,wehavewitnessedanextraordinarychangetakingplaceintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica. Squarebysquare,townbytown,countrybycountry,thepeoplehaverisenuptodemandtheirbasichumanrights. Twoleadershavesteppedaside. Moremayfollow. Andthoughthesecountriesmaybeagreatdistancefromourshores,weknowthatourownfutureisboundtothisregionbytheforcesofeconomicsandsecurity,byhistoryandbyfaith.
Today,Iwanttotalkaboutthischange--theforcesthataredrivingitandhowwecanrespondinawaythatadvancesourvaluesandstrengthensoursecurity.
Now,already,we’vedonemuchtoshiftourforeignpolicyfollowingadecadedefinedbytwocostlyconflicts. AfteryearsofwarinIraq,we’veremoved100,000Americantroopsandendedourcombatmissionthere. InAfghanistan,we’vebrokentheTaliban’smomentum,andthisJulywewillbegintobringourtroopshomeandcontinueatransitiontoAfghanlead. AndafteryearsofwaragainstalQaedaanditsaffiliates,wehavedealtalQaedaahugeblowbykillingitsleader,OsamabinLaden.
BinLadenwasnomartyr. Hewasamassmurdererwhoofferedamessageofhate–-aninsistencethatMuslimshadtotakeuparmsagainsttheWest,andthatviolenceagainstmen,womenandchildrenwastheonlypathtochange. HerejecteddemocracyandindividualrightsforMuslimsinfavorofviolentextremism;hisagendafocusedonwhathecoulddestroy-–notwhathecouldbuild.
BinLadenandhismurderousvisionwonsomeadherents. Butevenbeforehisdeath,alQaedawaslosingitsstruggleforrelevance,astheoverwhelmingmajorityofpeoplesawthattheslaughterofinnocentsdidnotanswertheircriesforabetterlife. BythetimewefoundbinLaden,alQaeda’sagendahadcometobeseenbythevastmajorityoftheregionasadeadend,andthepeopleoftheMiddleEastandNorthAfricahadtakentheirfutureintotheirownhands.
Thatstoryofself-determinationbegansixmonthsagoinTunisia. OnDecember17th,ayoungvendornamedMohammedBouaziziwasdevastatedwhenapoliceofficerconfiscatedhiscart. Thiswasnotunique. It’sthesamekindofhumiliationthattakesplaceeverydayinmanypartsoftheworld-–therelentlesstyrannyofgovernmentsthatdenytheircitizensdignity. Onlythistime,somethingdifferenthappened. Afterlocalofficialsrefusedtohearhiscomplaints,thisyoungman,whohadneverbeenparticularlyactiveinpolitics,wenttotheheadquartersoftheprovincialgovernment,dousedhimselfinfuel,andlithimselfonfire.
Therearetimesinthecourseofhistorywhentheactionsofordinarycitizenssparkmovementsforchangebecausetheyspeaktoalongingforfreedomthathasbeenbuildingupforyears. InAmerica,thinkofthedefianceofthosepatriotsinBostonwhorefusedtopaytaxestoaKing,orthedignityofRosaParksasshesatcourageouslyinherseat. SoitwasinTunisia,asthatvendor’sactofdesperationtappedintothefrustrationfeltthroughoutthecountry. Hundredsofprotesterstooktothestreets,thenthousands. Andinthefaceofbatonsandsometimesbullets,theyrefusedtogohome–-dayafterday,weekafterweek--untiladictatorofmorethantwodecadesfinallyleftpower.
Thestoryofthisrevolution,andtheonesthatfollowed,shouldnothavecomeasasurprise. ThenationsoftheMiddleEastandNorthAfricawontheirindependencelongago,butintoomanyplacestheirpeopledidnot. Intoomanycountries,powerhasbeenconcentratedinthehandsofafew. Intoomanycountries,acitizenlikethatyoungvendorhadnowheretoturn -–nohonestjudiciarytohearhiscase;noindependentmediatogivehimvoice;nocrediblepoliticalpartytorepresenthisviews;nofreeandfairelectionwherehecouldchoosehisleader.
Andthislackofself-determination–-thechancetomakeyourlifewhatyouwill–-hasappliedtotheregion’seconomyaswell. Yes,somenationsareblessedwithwealthinoilandgas,andthathasledtopocketsofprosperity. Butinaglobaleconomybasedonknowledge,basedoninnovation,nodevelopmentstrategycanbebasedsolelyuponwhatcomesoutoftheground.Norcanpeoplereachtheirpotentialwhenyoucannotstartabusinesswithoutpayingabribe.
Inthefaceofthesechallenges,toomanyleadersintheregiontriedtodirecttheirpeople’sgrievanceselsewhere. TheWestwasblamedasthesourceofallills,ahalf-centuryaftertheendofcolonialism. AntagonismtowardIsraelbecametheonlyacceptableoutletforpoliticalexpression. Divisionsoftribe,ethnicityandreligioussectweremanipulatedasameansofholdingontopower,ortakingitawayfromsomebodyelse.
Buttheeventsofthepastsixmonthsshowusthatstrategiesofrepressionandstrategiesofdiversionwillnotworkanymore. SatellitetelevisionandtheInternetprovideawindowintothewiderworld-–aworldofastonishingprogressinplaceslikeIndiaandIndonesiaandBrazil. Cellphonesandsocialnetworksallowyoungpeopletoconnectandorganizelikeneverbefore. Andsoanewgenerationhasemerged. Andtheirvoicestellusthatchangecannotbedenied.
InCairo,weheardthevoiceoftheyoungmotherwhosaid,“It’slikeIcanfinallybreathefreshairforthefirsttime.”
InSanaa,weheardthestudentswhochanted,“Thenightmustcometoanend.”
InBenghazi,weheardtheengineerwhosaid,“Ourwordsarefreenow. It’safeelingyoucan’texplain.”
InDamascus,weheardtheyoungmanwhosaid,“Afterthefirstyelling,thefirstshout,youfeeldignity.”
Thoseshoutsofhumandignityarebeingheardacrosstheregion. Andthroughthemoralforceofnonviolence,thepeopleoftheregionhaveachievedmorechangeinsixmonthsthanterroristshaveaccomplishedindecades.
Ofcourse,changeofthismagnitudedoesnotcomeeasily. Inourdayandage-–atimeof24-hournewscyclesandconstantcommunication–-peopleexpectthetransformationoftheregiontoberesolvedinamatterofweeks. Butitwillbeyearsbeforethisstoryreachesitsend. Alongtheway,therewillbegooddaysandtherewillbaddays. Insomeplaces,changewillbeswift;inothers,gradual. Andaswe’vealreadyseen,callsforchangemaygiveway,insomecases,tofiercecontestsforpower.
ThequestionbeforeusiswhatroleAmericawillplayasthisstoryunfolds. Fordecades,theUnitedStateshaspursuedasetofcoreinterestsintheregion:
counteringterrorismandstoppingthespreadofnuclearweapons;securingthefreeflowofcommerceandsafe-guardingthesecurityoftheregion;standingupforIsrael’ssecurityandpursuingArab-Israelipeace.
Wewillcontinuetodothesethings,withthefirmbeliefthatAmerica’sinterestsarenothostiletopeople’shopes;they’reessentialtothem. Webelievethatnoonebenefitsfromanucleararmsraceintheregion,oralQaeda’sbrutalattacks. Webelievepeopleeverywherewouldseetheireconomiescrippledbyacut-offinenergysupplies. AswedidintheGulfWar,wewillnottolerateaggressionacrossborders,andwewillkeepourcommitmentstofriendsandpartners.
Yetwemustacknowledgethatastrategybasedsolelyuponthenarrowpursuitoftheseinterestswillnotfillanemptystomachorallowsomeonetospeaktheirmind. Moreover,failuretospeaktothebroaderaspirationsofordinarypeoplewillonlyfeedthesuspicionthathasfesteredforyearsthattheUnitedStatespursuesourinterestsattheirexpense. Giventhatthismistrustrunsbothways–-asAmericanshavebeensearedbyhostage-takingandviolentrhetoricandterroristattacksthathavekilledthousandsofourcitizens-–afailuretochangeourapproachthreatensadeepeningspiralofdivisionbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheArabworld.
Andthat’swhy,twoyearsagoinCairo,Ibegantobroadenourengagementbaseduponmutualinterestsandmutualrespect. Ibelievedthen-–andIbelievenow-–thatwehaveastakenotjustinthestabilityofnations,butintheself-determinationofindividuals. Thestatusquoisnotsustainable. Societiesheldtogetherbyfearandrepressionmayoffertheillusionofstabilityforatime,buttheyarebuiltuponfaultlinesthatwilleventuallytearasunder.
Sowefaceahistoricopportunity. WehavethechancetoshowthatAmericavaluesthedignityofthestreetvendorinTunisiamorethantherawpowerofthedictator. TheremustbenodoubtthattheUnitedStatesofAmericawelcomeschangethatadvancesself-determinationandopportunity. Yes,therewillbeperilsthataccompanythismomentofpromise. Butafterdecadesofacceptingtheworldasitisintheregion,wehaveachancetopursuetheworldasitshouldbe.
Ofcourse,aswedo,wemustproceedwithasenseofhumility. It’snotAmericathatputpeopleintothestreetsofTunisorCairo-–itwasthepeoplethemselveswholaunchedthesemovements,andit’sthepeoplethemselvesthatmustultimatelydeterminetheiroutcome.
Noteverycountrywillfollowourparticularformofrepresentativedemocracy,andtherewill
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