给级学生范围题Examination Paper of PathophysiologyWord格式文档下载.docx
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给级学生范围题Examination Paper of PathophysiologyWord格式文档下载.docx
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D.Edema
5.Thetypeofdehydrationdependson
A.Plasmacolloidosmoticpressure
B.Colloidosmoticpressureininterstitialfluid
C.Bodyfluid
D.OsmoticpressureofECF
6.Attheearlystageofhypertonicdehydration,whichoneofthefollowingsisnotitsmanifestation?
A.Decreasedurineoutput
B.circulatoryfailure
C.Thirst
D.Lackofsweat
7.Edemarefersto
A.Excessivefluidwithinthecells
B.Excessivefluidwithinthelymphchannels
C.Excessivefluidwithinthevessels
D.Excessivefluidwithintheinterstitialspacesorbodycavity
8.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisthemostconsistentwiththedefInitionofheartfailure?
A.Strokevolumeisdecreased
B.ThevolumeofvenousreturnisgreatthanthevolumeofcardiacoutputC.Cardiacoutputcannotmeetbody'
srequirementformetabolism
D.Heartdysfunctionresultsincongestioninpulmonaryandsystemiccirculation
9.Whichoneofthefollowingdiseasescanincreasetheafterloadofleftventricle?
A.Hyperthyroidism
B.Hypertension
C.Pulmonaryhypertension
D.Ventricularseptaldefect
10.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisthemainmechanismforVit.B\deficiencyleadingtoheartfailure?
A.Destructionofmyocardialstructure
B.Disordersinenergyproductionofmyocardium
C.Disordersinenergystorageofmyocardium
E.Ventricularseptaldefect
11.Whatisthedefinitionofhypoxia?
A.AdeclineofCO2maxinblood
B.Adeficiencyineitherthedeliveryortheutilizationofoxygen
C.AdeclineofPO2inblood
D.AdeclineofCO2ininspiredair
E.AdeclineofCO2inblood
12.Whichoneofthefollowingisnotrelatedtooxygencontentintheartery?
()
A.TheamountofHb
B.Thecarryingcapacityofoxygeninblood
C.PO2ofinspiredair
D.Thefunctionofexternalrespiration
E.Thestateofinternalrespiration
13.Whichofthefollowingisnotacompensatorywayofcirculatorysysteminhypoxia?
A.Increasedheartrate
B.Increasedmyocardialcontractility
C.Pulmonaryvasodilatation
D.Increasedvenousreturn
E.Capillaryproliferation
14.WhichoneofthefollowingcausesaPaO2decreaseunderhypoxia?
()
A.KCNpoisoning
B.COpoisoning
C.TetralogyofFallot
D.Theabsenceofvitamins
E.Nitritepoisoning
15.Whichoneofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtoexogenouspyrogens?
A.Gram-positivebacteria
B.Plasmodium
C.Immunecomplex
D.Virus
E.Gram-negativebacteria
16.Duringthedefervescencestage,whichoneofthefollowingmayoccur?
()
A.Sodiumretention
B.Chlorineretention
C.Edema
D.Dehydration
E.Waterintoxication
17.Inischemichypoxiastage,theperfusionofheartandbrainis()
A.Remarkablyincreased
B.Remarkablydecreased
C.Keptinnormalityorincreased
D.Thatthebrainperfusionisincreasedandtheheartperfusionhasnoremarkablealteration
E.Atfirstdecreasedandthenincreased
18.Potassiumisthemajorcationinthebody.Itplaysmanyimportantroles,includingtheexcitabilityofnervesandmuscles.Whereisthisactionparticularlyimportant?
A.Heart
B.Brain
C.Lungs
D.Liver
19.Severeacutehyperkalemiamaycauseflaccidparalysis.Thereasonis()
A.Hyperpolarizationblocking
B.Partialdepolarization
C.TheNa+channelsareopen
D.Depolarizationblocking
E.Noneofabove
20.ThemajorcauseofK+deficiencyandhypokalemiais()
A.Hypokalemicperiodicparalysis
B.Overdosesofinsulingiventoindividualswithdiabetesmellitus
C.InadequateK+intake
D.ExcessiverenalandgastrointestinalK+losses
E.Alkalosis
21.ThebodyregulatesthepHofitsfluidsbywhatmechanism?
A.Chemicalbuffersystemsofthebodyfluids
B.Kidneys
D.Allofabove
22.Metabolicacidosishasfourmaincauses.Whichlaboratorytestisusedtodeterminethecauseofmetabolicacidosis?
A.Acid-basedeficit
B.Serumbicarbonate
C.Aniongap
23.Whichoneofthefollowingsubstancesbelongstothevolatileacid?
A.Phosphoricacid
B.Uricacid
C.Sulfuricacid
D.Carbonicacid
E.Lacticacid
24.WhichoneofthefollowingisthecauseofhighAGmetabolicacidosis?
A.Severediarrhea
B.Severediabetes
C.ExcessiveintakeofNH4Cl
D.Earlystageofrenaldysfunction
E.Renaltubularacidosis
25.Therearebothmetabolicandrespiratoryeffectsontheacid-basebalanceinthebody.HowdometabolicdisorderschangethepHofthebody?
A.AltertheplasmaHCO3-
B.AlterurineH+content
C.AlterCO2levelsinthelungs
D.AlterO2levelsinthemajororgansystems
26.Inwhichoneofthefollowingshocksshouldvasoconstrictivedrugsbeappliedatfirst?
A.Hemorrhagicshock
B.Traumaticshock
C.Cardiogenicshock
D.Allergicshock
E.Infectiousshock
27.WhichoneisthenormalratioofBCAA/AAAintheplasmaofpatientwithhepaticinsufficiency?
A.0.6-1.2
B.2-2.5
C.3-3.5
D.4-4.5
E.5-5.5
28.Whichoneofthefollowingcompensatoryresponsesinischemichypoxiastageofshockiswrong?
A.Venuleandsmallveinintenseconstriction
B.Auto-bloodtransfusion
C.Increaseoflocalvasodilatingsubstance
D.Bloodredistribution
E.Auto-fluidtransfusion
29.Insufficiencyoftheammoniaelimination,whichmaycausehepaticencephalopathy,ismainlydueto()
A.Disorderofcitricacidcycle
B.Disorderofglutamicacidproduction
C.Disorderofglutamineproduction
D.Disorderofornithinecycle
E.TransformfromNH4+
30.Themechanismoffalseneurotransmitters—inducedencephalopathyis()
A.Impairmentofenergymetabolisminbrain
B.Nervecellmembranehyperpolarization
C.Impairmentofnervecellmembrane
D.Replacementoftruetransmittersbutwithmuchweakeractivity
E.Imbalanceofplasmaaminoacid
31.Whichoneofthefollowingfactorsdoesnotbelongtocause?
()
A.Geneticmutations
B.Noise
C.Drugpoisoning
D.Ageandsex
E.Hypersensitivityreaction
32.Thepatientswithchronicbronchitisareinclinedtosufferfrom()
A.Atmospherichypoxia
B.Hemichypoxia
C.Hypotonichypoxia
D.Isotonichypoxia
E.Histogenoushypoxia
33.Thecolorofapatient’sskinandmucousmembranesinCOpoisoningisusually()
A.Coffeebrown
B.Yellow
C.Pale
D.Cherryred
E.Cyanosis
34.The
most
obvious
organ
in
which
blood
flow
reduces
because
of
heart
failure
is()
A.
liver
B.
brain
C.
lung
D.
kidney
35.Thecharacteristiccauseofhypertonicdehydrationis()
A.Increasedlossofbodyfluidanddecreasedintakeofwater
B.WaterlossisexcessofNa+loss.
C.Nowaterduringnavigation.
D.Increasedlossofwaterviagastrointestinaltract.
36.Increasedlossofpurewaterviaskinwillcause()
A.Hypotonicdehydration.
B.Isotonicdehydration.
C.Hypertonicdehydration.
D.Waterintoxication.
37.Intracellulardehydrationcanbeseenin()
38.Thereisseverethirstin()
A.Hypertonicdehydration.
C.Hypotonicdehydration.
39.Theeffectofrespiratoryacidosisonthebodyis()
A.Increaseofmyocardialcontraction.
B.Depressionofmentalactivity.
C.Arteriolecontraction.
D.Hypokalemia.
40.Themajorcompensationforchronicrespiratoryalkalosisis()
A.Shiftofionsacrosscellmembraneandintracellularbuffers
B.Respiratorycompensation
C.Renalcompensation
D.Bloodbuffers
41.DuringtheOliguriastageofacuterenalfailure,themostseverecomplicationis()
A.Waterintoxication
B.Azotemia
C.Hyperkalemia
D.Metabolicacidosis
42.MostcommoncauseofDICfromfollowing?
A.Trauma
B.Malignancy
C.Sepsis
D.Poison
43.truestatementaboutthefreeradical()
A.Containpairedelectroninoutershell
B.Theyarethestablemolecules
C.OFRhavestrongreducingpotential
D.Antioxidantincludeonlyenzymaticsubstances
44.Consciousnessdisorderincludethefollowingmanifestationexcept?
A.Coma
B.Sleep
C.Confusion
D.Aphasia
E.None
45.Thefollowingarenormalrenalfunctionsexcept
AExcretingurine
BClotting
CRegulatingthewaterbalance
DRegulatingtheacid-basebalance
ESecreteEPO
46.Renaltubulardysfunctionmaycausesomesubstanceappearintheurine,butexcept
AProtein
BGlucose
CAminoacid
DFat
EPhosphate
47.Decreasedcomplianceofchestwallmaybecausedby
APleuritis,deformityofthorax
BPulmonaryedema
CPneumonia
DNeuromusculardisord
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