数控实训报告.docx
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数控实训报告.docx
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数控实训报告
重庆三峡学院
数控综合实训报告
院系:
____机械工程学院______________
专业:
机械设计制造及其自动化
姓名:
_______________
学号:
____20100702_________
指导老师:
晶昌
成绩:
________
2013年1月3日
目录
引言······································2
第1章、设计要求··························2
1.1设计目的······························2
1.2设计任务·····························3
1.3设计方案······························3
1.4确定加工工艺路线······················4
1.5选择刀具······························4
第二章、工艺分析···························5
2.1零件图·····································5
2.2数控车床零件图纸分析························5
2.3工艺卡·····································6
第三章、程序设计·······························7
3.1数控车床程序··························7
3.2加工中心程序···························8
第四章、实训总结·······························18
引言
数控机床是指应用数控技术对机床加工过程进行控制的机床。
数控机床是一种装有程序控制系统的自动化机床。
该控制系统能够逻辑地处理具有控制编码或其他符号指令规定的程序,并将其译码,用代码化的数字表示,通过信息载体输入数控装置。
经运算处理由数控装置发出各种控制信号,控制机床的动作,按图纸要求的形状和尺寸,自动地将零件加工出来。
数控机床不但是机械工业中的重要基础设备,也是汽车、航空、电子、轻工、国防等支柱产业生产现代化的主要手段。
为了了解产品及设备提高对数控技术及数控加工在工业各领域应用的认识。
对此进行的一次数控实训,本次实训主要任务是实训学生数控加工的工艺分析与设计、数控加工程序的编写调试、以及数控设备的操作与零件加工的能力,同时培养团队协作分析与解决问题的能力,以及安全、质量、效率、与环保意识,为今后从事数控加工工作提供知识与技能保障。
第一章设计要求
1.1设计目的
将课堂上所学的理论知识应用于实践操作,使学生进一步熟悉并掌握数控机床的操作界面,掌握机床回参考点、手动操作、MDI方式的程序运行、程序的编辑、对刀和自动加工等基本技能。
通过对零件图纸的实际加工的综合过程来进一步提高同学们的安全意识、团队合作精神以及加工过程中问题的应变处理能力,并借此考查学生对所学知识的掌握程度,使之在实践之中发现自己的不足,以此促使其对相关知识的进一步专研,提高学习积极性。
1.2设计任务
熟练操作数控车床,使用数控编程中各个指令根据零件的具体要求独立自主的完成对零件进行工艺分析正确合理的选择切削要素了解车外圆、车端面、车内外孔、车螺纹车断、车圆锥面、车成型面的车削方法和工件的测量方法。
1.3设计方案
本次主要针对于数控车床,故设计时根据数控车床主要加工对象及加工能力在我们的加工零件设计中需要体现以下几点①线插补②顺、逆时针圆弧车削③倒角④切槽⑤螺纹的车削⑥铣轮廓⑦转孔等
1.4确定加工工艺路线
(1)装夹ф50外圆表面,伸出65mm,粗加工零件左侧外轮廓:
2×45°倒角,ф48外圆,R20,R16,R10圆弧。
(2)精加工上述轮廓。
(3)手工钻孔,孔深至尺寸要求。
(4)粗加工孔内轮廓。
(5)精加工孔内轮廓。
(6)调头装夹ф48外圆,粗加工零件右侧外轮廓:
2×45°倒角,螺纹外圆,ф36端面,锥面,ф48外圆到圆弧面。
(7)精加工上述轮廓。
(8)切槽。
(9)车削螺纹。
1.5选择刀具
根据加工要求,1号刀为外圆粗车刀;2号刀为外圆精车刀;3号刀为切槽刀,刃宽4mm;4号刀为60°外螺纹刀;5号刀为Φ16mm麻花钻;6号刀为内孔粗车刀;7号刀为内孔精车刀。
4.选择切削用量
序号
加工内容
刀具号
主轴转速(r/min)
进给量(mm/min)
刀尖圆弧半径(mm)
1
粗车工件轮廓
T01
800
150
2
精车工件轮廓
T01
1200
60
0.8
3
钻孔
T03
400
20
4
镗孔
T04
300
5
内轮廓粗加工
T05
500
100
6
车削螺纹
7
第二章工艺分析
2.1零件图
数控车床零件图
加工中心零件图
材料
塑料
零件号
001
程序号
0030
操作序号
内容
主轴转速
/r.min-1
进给速度
/r.min-1
刀具
号数
类型
直径/mm
1
2
3
中心钻
小孔钻
加工面
1500
2000
200
80
100
200
1
2
3
钻头
钻头
平铣刀
20
10
16
2.2数控车床零件图纸分析
(1)加工内容:
此零件加工包括车端面、外圆、螺纹,倒角,切槽等。
(2)工件坐标系:
该零件加工需调头,从图纸上尺寸标注分析应设置2个坐标系,2个工件原点均定于装夹后的右端面(精加工面)。
·装夹ф50外圆,平端面,对刀,设置第1个工件原点。
此端面作精加工面,以后不再加工。
·调头装夹ф48外圆,测量总长度,车端面,设置第2个工件原点(设在精加工端面上)。
(3)换刀点:
(120,200)
(4)数值计算:
圆弧切点坐标计算:
P1(40.704,-33.516),P2(42.949,-53.357)
螺纹尺寸计算:
螺纹外圆=32-0.2=31.8mm
(5)公差处理:
按中差编程。
2.3工艺卡
数控车床工艺卡
机械加工工艺过程卡
产品名称
零件名称
零件图号
轴
轴类零件
001
材料名称及牌号
棒料
毛坯种类或材料规格
直径50mm的塑料棒料
总工时
工序号
工序名称
工序简要内容
设备名称及型号
夹具
量具
工时
10
粗车外端面粗车至48外圆长度至尺寸65mm
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
(该列不填)
20
粗车直径48外圆长度至尺寸22mm
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
30
粗车直径轮廓长度至尺寸60mm
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
40
精车外轮廓外圆长度至尺寸60mm
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
50
钻直径为12孔,深50mm
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
60
扩孔、走内轮廓
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
70
掉头车削直径至32走外形长度至52mm
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
80
车削28X4退刀槽
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
90
车削直径32的螺纹
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡游标卡尺尺
10
车削倒角
华中数控车床
三角爪盘
游标卡尺
加工中心工艺卡
机械加工工艺过程卡
产品名称
零件名称
零件图号
铣床零件
002
材料名称及牌号
方块料
毛坯种类或材料规格
80x60x15mm的PVC方块料
总工时
工序号
工序名称
工序简要内容
设备名称及型号
夹具
量具
工时
10
下料
20
去毛刺
数控加工中心
平口钳
30
铣成形
数控加工中心
平口钳
游标卡尺
40
去毛刺
数控加工中心
平口钳
第三章程序设计
3.1数控车床程序
(1)粗车工件左侧轮廓程序
O1212
N0010T0101;
N0020M03S800;
N0030G98;
N0040G00X60Z30;
N0050G01X51Z5F150;
N0070G71P0080Q0140U2W1F150;
N0080G00X44;
N0090G01Z0F80;
N0100X47.985Z-2;
N0110Z-22;
N0120G03X40.704Z-33.516R20F60;
N0130G02X42.949Z-53.357R16;
N0140G03X48Z-60R10;
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N0210M05;
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(2)孔加工程序
O3020
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N0110X15;
N0120G00Z200X120;
N0130T0707;
N0140M03S800;
N0150G00X15Z10;
N0170G00Z200;
N0180X120;
N0190M05;
N0200M02;
(3)工件右侧车削程序
O3021
N0010T0101;
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N0100X31.8Z-2;
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N0130X48Z-42;
N0140Z-53;
N0150G00X120Z200;
N0160T0202;
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N0230G00X38Z-30;
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N0320X30.5;
N0330X29.9;
N0340X29.4;
N0350G00X120Z200;
N0360M05;
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3.2加工中心程序
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N
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