电气外文文献Word下载.docx
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电气外文文献Word下载.docx
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Circuitbreaker
空气压缩断路器是一种机械开关设备,能够在正常和特殊情况下开断电流(比如说短路电流)。
例如空气断路器、油断路器,干扰电路的导体因该安全可靠的应用于其中,电流断路器按灭弧远离通常被分为如下等级:
空气开关断路器、油断路器、少油断路器、压缩空气断路器、具有消磁性质的隔离开关、六氟化硫断路器和真空断路器。
他们的参数有电压等级、绝缘等级、电流开断容量、开断时间的瞬时电压恢复和条炸事件。
断路器的铭牌通常包括:
1.最大可承受电流;
2.最大中断电流;
3.最大线路电压;
4.中断周期数量。
在60hHZ的系统中,中断可能持续3-至8个周期,为了快速中断达负荷电流,我们不得不确保它的持续冷却,、高速开断能限制对传输线路的损害,这一点是同等重要的它帮助系统在任何事故发生时维持稳定运行,断路器主要由操作机构、执行机构和灭弧室组成。
Compressedaircircuitbreakerisamechanicalswitchequipment,canbeinnormalandspecialconditionsbreakingcurrent(suchasshortcircuitcurrent).Forexample,aircircuitbreaker,oilcircuitbreaker,interferencecircuitconductorfortheapplicationofthesafetyandreliabilityofthecircuitbreaker,currentinarcfromisusuallydividedintothefollowinggrades:
airswitchcircuitbreaker,oilcircuitbreaker,lessoilcircuitbreaker,compressedaircircuitbreaker,adegaussingofisolatingswitch,sixsulfurhexafluoridecircuitbreakerandvacuumbreaker.Theirparametersofvoltage,current,insulationlevelofbreakingcapacity,instantaneousvoltageofftimeofrecoveryandabombing.Breakerplateusuallyinclude:
1themaximumtolerablecurrent;
2ofthemaximumcurrentisinterrupted;
3largestlinevoltage;
4interruptthecyclenumber.Inthe60hHZsystem,interruptmaylastfrom3-to8cycle,inordertoquicklybreakuptotheloadcurrent,wehavetoensurecontinuedtocoolit,high-speed,breakingcanlimitontransmissionlinedamage,itisequallyimportanttohelpsystemtomaintainstableoperationatanytimeoftheaccident,themaincircuitbreakerbyoperatingmechanism,actuatorandarcquenchingchamber.
当有触发电流或者电压时,空气隔离开关的弹簧操作机构迅速动作以用来减少触点的烧损,主触点的特殊形状和使用材料完全适合电弧的接触,空气隔离开关更进一步的改进是由于灭弧性能、绝缘隔板组成的灭弧罩、带灭弧功能的触头等这些特殊性质,所以仍被应用于低电压等级和直流断路器中。
Whenatriggercurrentorvoltage,springoperationmechanismofairisolationswitchmovesquicklytoreducethecontactloss,specialshapeandusethematerialofmaincontactcompletelyfitforthearcofcontact,airisolationswitchfurtherimprovementisduetothearcquenchingperformance,insulatingbaffleplatesarcshield,witharcthefunctionofthesespecialproperties,itisusedinlowvoltageandDCcircuitbreaker.
多油断路器出现于1900前后,主要用来满足新斯的开断容量的要求,交流开关被浸入一个油缸之中,油在熄灭电弧和在电流过零时建立开断功能是十分有效,灭弧栅、喷油嘴、鸭梨锄头、新的操作机构和多种新的断路功能在近几十年引进使用多油断路器能够适应362kV。
Oilcircuitbreakerinaround1900,mainlytomeetthenew,breakingcapacityrequirements,ACswitchisimmersedinanoilcylinder,theoilinthearcquenchingandzerosetofffunctionisveryeffectiveinthecurrent,arcgate,nozzle,pear,anewoperationmechanismandavarietyofthenewcircuitfunctioninrecentdecadestointroducetheuseofoilcircuitbreakercanadaptto362kV.
TypesandConstructionofTransformer
Atransformerisadevicethatalternatingcurrentelectricenergyatonevoltagelevelintoalternatingcurrentelectricenergyatanothervoltagelevelthroughtheactionofamagneticfield.Itconsistsoftwoormorecoilswirewrappedaroundacommonferromagneticcore.Thesecoilsare(usually)notdirectlyconnected.Theonlyconnectionbetweenthecoilsisthecommonmagnecticfluxpresenwithinthecore.
Oneofthetransformerwindingsisconnectedtoasourceofacelectricpower,andthesecond(andperhapsthird)transformerwindingsupplieselectricpowertoloads.thetransformerwindingconnectedtothepowersouceiscalledtheprimarywindingorinputwinding.andthewindingconnectedtotheloadsiscalledthesecondarywindingorinputwinding.Ifthereisathirdwindingonthetransformer,itiscalledthetertiarywinding.Powertransformerareconstructedononeoftwotypesofcores.onetypeofconstructionconsistsofasimplerectangularlaminatedpieceofsteelwiththetransformerwindingswrappedaroundtwosidesoftherectangle.Thistypeofconstructionisknowascoreform.Theothertypeconsistsofthree-leggedlaminatedcorewiththewindingswrappedaroundthecenterleg.Thistypeofconstructionisknowasshellform.Ineithercase,thecoreisconstructedofthinlaminationselectricallyisolatedformeachotherinorderinordertoreduceeddycurrentstoaminimum.
Theprimaryandsecondarywindingsinaphysicaltransformerarewrappedoneontopoftheotherwiththelow-voltagewindinginnermost.Suchanarrangementseverstwopurposes:
1.Itsimplifiestheproblemofinsulatingthehigh-voltagewindingfromthecore.2.Itresultsinmuchlessleakagefluxthanwouldbethetwowindingswereseparatedbyadistanceonthecore.
Powertransformeraregivenavarietyofdifferentnames,dependingontheiruseinpowersystems.Atransformerconnectedtotheoutputofageneratorandusedtostepitsvoltageuptotransformerlevelsissometimescalledunittransformer.Thetransformeraitheotherendofthetransformerline,whichstepsthevoltagedownfromtransmissionlevlstodistributionlevels,iscalledasubstationtransformer.Finally,thetransformerthattakesthedistributionvoltageandstepsisdowntothefinalvoltageaiwhichthepowerisactuallyusediscalledadistributiontransformer.Allthesedevicesareessentiallythesame-theonlydifferenceamongthemistheirintendeduse.
Inadditiontothevariouspowertransformer,twospecial-purposetransformersareusedwithelectricmachineryandpowersystems.Thefirstofthesespecialtransformersisadevicespeciallydesignedtosampleahighvoltageandproducealowsecondaryvoltagedirectlyproportionaltoit.Suchatransformeriscalledapotentialtransformer.Apowertransformeralsoproducesasecondaryvoltagedirectlyproportionaltoitsprimaryvoltage;
thedifferencebetweenapotentialtransformerandapowertransformeristhatthepotentialtransformerisdesignedtohandleonlyaverysmallcurrent.Thesecondtypeofspecialtransformerisadevicedesignedtoprovideasecondarycurrent.muchsmallerthanbutdirectlyproportionaltoitsprimarycurrent.Thisdeviceiscalledacurrenttransformer.
Lingtingprotection
Thethunderandlightningprotectstoconnecttheground;
Connectthegroundtoavoidthethunderthemostimportantlinkofthetechnique,ignoreisashotthunder,respondthethunderofthethunderorotherform,andavoidthethunderworkmostallofsendintotheearththethunderelectriccurrent.Storethethunderenergytobehavethetypetobuildthe,currenttechnologytostillreachtonotarrive,andthereforehavenothereasonablebutgoodconnectthegroundequiptoisimpossibletospeakabouttodefendthethunder.Thereforesaythedesign,theconstructionisveryhighstandardtoconnectthegroundsystemisaheavyinsidethatdefendthunder'
sworkitheavy.HighelectricpotentialthatForlongtime,peoplehaveanillusion,andthinkthatconnectthegroundelectricresistancemoresmallavoidthethunderresultandthenmorelike,quiltobjectthatprotectsafety.Certainlytheelectricresistanceismorethesmallismorequick,strikebylightningtoreservetimemoreshort,theriskismoresmall,electricvoltageofitsstride,getintouchwiththetheelectricvoltageproducethemachinetoothemorethe?
But,constructionthatthefulfillmentproofofnearandmorethanteninthelastyearses,withitssaythatconnecttheworthimportanceofgroundelectricresistance,notequaltosaythatconnectthegroundtoequipmorereasonable,importanceElectricityequipments,demandvarietythatnow'
scity,thereislotsofinabuildinginsidenotthecongenialityconnectthegrounddevice,ifavoidthethundertoconnecttheground,electricitythesafetytoconnecttheground,ACpowertheworktoconnecttheground,correspondenceandcalculatorsystemtoconnecttheground,accordingtothefulfillmentproof,totallyusetoconnectthegroundisanapplicationmostforextensiveconnectthelocaltype.&
#61550;
ThatA,theindependenceconnecttheground:
Asabovepartfordemandforspeakofingconnectingthegroundof,alldistinguishtoindependentlyestablishtheowntoconnectthegroundsystem,andthiskindofconnectthelocaltypetocalltheindependencetoconnecttheground.Itsadvantageiseachsystemandcan'
tresultinthemutualinterference,andthisisparticularlyimportanttocorrespondencessystems.Buttheadoptionindependencethatnetworkeasilywerestrikebylightningedisbad,sobesideshavetodefendtoexplodethedangerousenvironmentrequestingtomustwanttheadoptiontheindependenceofavoidthethundermethodgenerallynotlayclaimtothewaytoconnecttheground.Two,totallyusetoconnecttheground:
Alsocallunifytoconnecttheground.Theeachsystemthatitconnectthegroundthedemandunifiestoreceiveaconnectthegroundtoequiptop,orisoriginallyeachsystemofconnectthegrounddevicetopasstheundergroundtoperhapsanduplink,makethemtheelectricityforbecomingofitstoconnectthegroundtounifythegroundnetwithmetalsconductor,likethisofconnectthelocaltypeistototallyusetoconnecttheground.itiscurrenttousetoconnectthegroundtotallyappliedthemostextensiveconnectthelocaltype.&
EachsystemthatThree,connecttheground1:
00:
Methodthatconnectingthegroundlinetoreceivetoconnectthesamepointorsamemetalsflatsurfaceoflineofgroundmotherofeachsystemisup,likethiscall"
connecttheground1:
00"
method.connect1:
00thegroundmethodcanresolvetheetc.Electricpotentialtoconnectthegroundlinetheproblem,canthereforelowerofeachsystemcancancellationoftopofinterferencefundamentalforofinterferencedegree,particularlyis50HZworksignaltosystem,andconnectthegroundmethodontheengineeringtogettheextensiveapplicationthereforeand1:
00.&
Four,themanypointconnect
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