新视野大学英语第三版读写教程Book3unit5电子教案Word文件下载.docx

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程Book3unit5电子教案Word文件下载.docx

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Experientiallearningistheprocessofmakingmeaningfromdirectexperience.Itislearningthroughreflectionondoing,whichisoftencontrastedwithrotelearning（死记硬背）.Experientiallearningfocusesonthelearningprocessfortheindividua1.Anexampleofexperientiallearningisgoingtothezooandlearningthroughobservationandinteractionwiththezooenvironment,asopposedtoreadingaboutanimalsfromabook.Thus,onemakesdiscoveriesandexperimentswithknowledgefirsthand,insteadofhearingorreadingaboutothers’experiences.

1Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,thesocialindicationsaroundwork,thevalueofworkandthesalary,havedegradedmanylaborersintomodernslaves-“wageslaves”.（Para.1）

★degrade:

vt.treatsb.withoutrespectandmakethemloserespectforthemselves贬低（某人）;

羞辱（某人）

Theexaminationsupervisorwarnedstudentsnottodegradethemselvesbycheatingontheexam.

监考老师警告学生不要在考试中舞弊,以免自取其辱。

Note“Wagesslaves”herereferstothosewhoworkforthemerepurposeofearningawage.

2Peopleareconsideredlaborersiftheirjobhasanadverseeffectonthem,yettheyfeelcompelledtocontinueworkingbythenecessityofconformingtosocietalexpectationsandearningtherevenuetosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.（Para.2）

★adverse:

a..notgoodorfavorable不利的;

反对的;

反面的

Economistsfearthatanyconflictbetweenthetwocountriescouldhaveadverseeffectsonglobalfinancialmarkets.经济学家们担心两国之间的任何冲突都可能对全球金融市场产生不利影响。

★conform:

vi.（~to/with）obeysth.suchasaruleorlaw遵照;

遵守;

服从

Thecityhasafewmodernbuildingsinthecentralareawhichdonotconformwiththestyleofthecity’soverallcharacter.该城市中心区域有一些现代建筑跟城市的整体风格特点不相符合。

★revenue:

n.［U］moneythatabusinessororganizationreceivesoveraperiodoftime,esp.fromsellinggoodsorservices（公司、机构的）收益,收入

Aspokesmanforthefinancedepartmentsaidcostsgenerallyrisewhenrevenueincreases.财务部门的发言人说收益增加成本通常会增加。

Notesocietal:

a.relatingtosocietyorthewaysocietyisorganized社会的

Intime,humansbegantodevelopsocietalorganizationsthateventuallywouldbecomewhatweknowastownsandcities.经过一段时间之后，人类开始形成社会组织，这些社会组织最终发展成为我们所知道的乡镇和城市。

3Thepolaroppositeoflaborisplay.（Para,2）

★polar:

a.

1）（~opposite/extreme）sth.thatisthecompleteorexactoppositeofsth.else完全相反;

正好相反

Johnsaidhe’dvoteforthecandidateevenifhisbeliefswerethepolaroppositeofhisown.约翰说即便候选人的观点与自己的相左,他也将投票给该候选人。

2）closetoorrelatingtotheNorthPoleortheSouthPole地极的;

近地极的;

极地的

Themeltingofthepolaricecapsandtheriseinthesealevelareonlythemostcommonlycitedeffectsofclimatechange.极地冰盖融化以及海平面上升只是最常被提及的气候变化的后果。

4Whenweplayagame,weenjoywhatwearedoing,butitisapurelyprivatepastime;

…（Para.2）

★pastime:

n.[C]sth.thatyoudobecauseyouthinkitisenjoyableorinteresting消遣;

娱乐

Torelievethestresscausedbyherjob,sheturnedtopainting,apastimeshehadlovedsincechildhood.

为了缓解工作引起的压力,她开始画画,这是她自儿时起就喜欢的消遣。

5Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.（Para.3）

NoteHereweareremindedofwhatismentionedintheprecedingparagraph“Thepolaroppositeoflaborisplay”.

6Peoplearelabeledasworkersiftheirpersonalinterestscoincidewiththejobssocietypaysthemtodo;

whatisnecessarylaborfromthepointofviewofsocietyisvoluntaryplayfromtheindividual’spersonalpointofview.（Para.3）

NoteThelaborrequiredinajobisvoluntaryplaytoworkersbecausetheyshowinterestinit,enjoywhattheyaredoingandfindpleasureinit;

justasiftheywereplayingagame.

★coincide:

vi.（~with）

1）（ofideas,opinions,etc.）bethesameorverysimilar（想法、意见等）相同,相符,极为类似

Indeed,theState’sinterestsmaynotcoincidewiththoseoftheindividual.

的确,国家利益可能与个人利益不一致。

2）（oftwoormoreevents）takeplaceatthesametime（两件或更多的事情）同时发生

Herarrivalcoincidedwithourdeparture.

她到来之时正逢我们离开。

★voluntary:

a.donewillinglyandwithoutbeingforced自愿的;

自动的

Everydecisionismadeofaperson’sfreewill,andisvoluntary,unlessitiseffectedbycompulsion.

每项决定都是基于个人意愿,属自愿性质的,除非有强制要求。

Notepointofview:

n.aparticularwayofthinkingaboutorjudgingasituation视角；

角度

Howdoesyourpointofviewsquarewithwhatsomeofyourcolleagueshavesaid?

你的观点与你—些同事的意见在多大程度上—致?

7Whetherajobistobedesignatedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitselfbutonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.（Para.3）

★desinate:

vt..

1）（fml.）（~sb./sth.as）givesb.orsth.aparticularname,title,ordescription把⋯定名为;

授予⋯称号;

把⋯描述为

WhenresidentswantedtodesignatetheElkRiverasaheritagesite,themineskilledtheproposal.

当居民们想把埃尔克河确定为文化遗产时,该提议却被众多的矿井给毁掉了。

2）（~sb./sth.as）formallychoosesb.orsth.foraparticularpurpose任命;

选定;

选派

Awillallowspeopletodesignatesomeoneasreceiveroftheirpropertywhentheydie.

遗嘱使人们可以指定其去世后财产由谁继承。

8Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,correlatewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandmentaljoborbetweenjobsofloworhighesteem;

…（Para.3）

★correlate:

v.（~with）iftwoormorefacts,ideas,etc.correlateoryoucorrelatethem,theyarecloselyconnectedtoeachotheroronecausestheother（使）相互关联

RisingtemperaturesandtheassociatedearlierspringsnowmeltwithincreasingamountsandsizeofwildfiresinthewesternUnitedStates.

气温升高及其所导致的春季融雪提前与美国西部数量日益增多、规模日益增大的山火是有关联的。

★esteem:

n.[U]afeelingofrespectforsb.,oragoodopinionofsb.尊敬;

敬重

Heisheldinhighesteembycolleagueintheconstructionindustry.

他受到建筑业同行的高度尊重。

vt.（fml.）respectandadmiresb.orsth.尊敬;

Employeequalitiessuchasbeingcooperativeandindustriousareoftenesteemedbymanagers.

员工的合作、勤奋等品质常常为经理们所推崇。

9Workersarethereforemorepronetodedicatemoretimetoworking,takingtoolittleleisureratherthantoomuch.（Para.4）

★prone:

a.likelytodosth.orsufferfromsth.,esp.sth.badorharmful易于发生某事（尤指不好或有害的事）的;

很可能⋯的;

有⋯倾向的

Mostchildrenarepronetojunkfood.

多数孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品。

★dedicatevt.

1）useaplace,time,money,etc.onlyforaparticularpurpose（为某一目的而）使用

Thenewspaperdedicatedthreewholepagestopicturesoftheprincess.

报纸用了三个整版刊登王妃的照片。

2）giveallyourattentionandefforttooneparticularthing致力于;

献身于

Thenewpresidentsaidshewoulddedicateherselfprotectingtherightsofchildren,theoldandthehomeless.

新总统说她将致力于保护儿童、老人和无家可归者的权利。

10Tolaborers,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansautonomyfromcompulsion,soitisnaturalforthemtoimaginethatthefewerhourstheyhavetospendlaboring,andthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,thebetter.（Para.4）

★autonomy.[U]

1）theabilityoropportunitytomakeyourowndecisionswithoutbeingcontrolledbyanyoneelse自主能力;

自主

Geneticengineeringmaythreatenprivacy,killautonomy,makesocietylookandbealike,anddestroytheconceptofhumannature.

基因工程可能威胁隐私,扼杀自主权,使社会千篇一律,并且破坏人性这一观念。

2）freedomthataplaceoranorganizationhastogovernorcontrolitself自治;

自治权

Theyarewillingtogivethisdistrictmoreautonomy,butnotindependence.

他们愿意给该地区更多的自治权,但不会让其独立。

Notecompulsion:

n.[sing.,U]theactofforcingorinfluencingsb.todosth.theydonotwanttodo,orthesituationofbeingforcedorinfluenced（被）强制；

（被）强迫

Whowouldundertakesuchadifficulttaskwithoutcompulsion?

如果不是强制性的,谁会去承担这样—项困难的任务?

11Theywillalsoworkwithmorediligenceandprecisionbecausetheyhavefosteredasenseofpersonalprideintheirjobs.（Para.5）

★precision:

n.[U]thequalityofbeingveryexactorcorrect精确（性）;

准确（性）

Toimprovetheprecisionofgenetesting,scientistneededtospellouttheactualDNAsequenceofdisease-fosteringgenes.

为了提高基因测试的精度,科学家们需要阐明致病基因的DNA序列。

★foster:

vt.heIpaskill,felling,idea,etc.developoveraperiodoftime促进;

培养;

助长

Allclassroompracticewillbegearedtoencouragingandfosteringnotonlystudents’learninghabitsbutalsostudents’creativity.

所有的课堂实践都将不仅鼓励和