科英复习week1516ESTTestSampleRevision分析解析文档格式.docx

科英复习week1516ESTTestSampleRevision分析解析文档格式.docx

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10.TFAslateasthe1760s,theradialboulevardsinParishadmilitaryaswellasaestheticpurposes.

11.TFUrbanplannersinthe17th-centuryEuropealsointroducedparksandplaygroundsincongestedcityneighborhoods,providingplacesforrecreation,andforvisualrelief.

12.TFActionandreactionareoppositeandequal.Soundtravelsthroughtheairinwaves.SoftlayersoficemouldedthelakesandhillsofEuropeandNorthAmericamillionsofyearsago.

13.TFCivilengineeringcanbedividedintothreebroadcategories,whichmaybedescribedasconsulting,contractingandgovernmentalengineering.

14.TFAlthoughessentiallyapracticalprofession,civilengineeringisfoundedonappliedscience.

15.TFAtunnelisapassage,oragallery,oraroadwaybeneaththegroundorunderwater.

16.TFElectricpowersystemsreferstoallcomponentsthattransformothertypeofenergyintoelectricalenergyandtransmitthisenergytoaconsumer.

17.TFElectricityisaphenomenonproducedbytheelementaryparticle,whichbelongstoafundamentalpropertyofmatter.

18.TFIncomparisonwithbothmechanicsandoptics,thescienceofelectricityandmagnetismwereslowtodevelopsince1700.

19.TFUrbanmanagementmaybedescribedasasocialmovement,asa

businessfunction,orasatechnicalprofession.Therearelotsofexamplesfromhuman’searliesttimesofeffortstoplancitydevelopment.

20.TFAroundthe18thcentury,thecityplanningconceptsoftheEuropeanRenaissanceweretransplantedtotheNewWorld.

21.TFThunderistheloudnoisefollowedbyaflashoflight.Ifyoulightamatchonanairplane,nowindwillblowitout.

22.TFHistorically,mechanicswasamongthefirstoftheexactsciencestobedeveloped.Itisconcernedwiththemotionofbodiesundertheactionofforces,includingthespecialcaseinwhichabodyremainsatrest.

23.TFThethreequantitiesofbodies—thetotalenergy,（linear）momentum,andangularmomentumintheuniverseareconserved.

24.TFAlthoughEnglandandScotlandwereimportantcentersofmathematicalresearchintheearly17thcentury,withMaclaurin’sdeathin1746,theBritishflamewasallbutextinguished.

25.TFThecentralconceptsinclassicalmechanicsareforce,massandmotion.

26.TFArtistheuseofskillandimaginationinthecreationofaestheticobjects,environments,orexperiencesthatarenottobesharedwithothers.

27.TFCarbonisthemostimportantelement,andforthisreasonallsteelsareclassifiedaccordingtocarboncontent.

28.TFInputdevices,suchasakeyboardormouse,permitthecomputerusertocommunicatewiththecomputer.

29.TFThedevelopmentofelectricityasasourceofpowerstartedearlierthansteampowerlateinthe20thcentury.

30.TFArtconservationandrestorationareactionstakentoexamine,preserve,andrestoretotheiroriginalconditionsofobjectsofhistoricandartisticmerits.

31.TFOnlycertaindrugsalterthebody’schemistry.

32.TFAsignificantdangerofheroinisthatitissoaddictive.

33.TFEvenanoverdoseofamphetamineswillprobablynotbefatal.

34.TFBarbituratesareparticularlydangerouswhentakenwithalcohol.

35.TFScientistscanpredictwithreasonableaccuracytheeffectsofLSDontheuser.

36.TFAlthoughmanyscientistsstudiedmotion，Newtonwasthefirst.

37.TFAccelerationisproportionaltomass.Anychangeinmotionisproducedbyaforce.

38.TFArocketfunctionsontheprincipleofactionandreaction.Newton’sideasinfluencedworldthinkinginfieldsotherthanscience.

39.TFGalileo’sideaswerebasedonNewton’swork.

40.TFNoisepollutionisoneformofpollutionthatischaracteristicofindustrialsocietiesisnoise.

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish:

（10%,2pointsforeach）

1.载人飞行mannedflight，

角动量angularmomentum；

相对力学relativisticmechanics

2.马蹄形磁铁horseshoemagnet；

土木工程civilengineering；

运动学kinematics；

动力学kinetics

3.数据库管理

databasemanagement；

弹出式广告pop-upads；

命令和指令

commands&

instructions

系统总线bus

4.物种起源TheOriginofSpecies；

超声波supersonic/ultrasonic/hypersonic；

寄存器register

5.装饰艺术artdeco；

无人机UAV/

UnmannedAerialVehicle；

防空工事airdefensework

静力学statics

6.操作系统OS/OperatingSystem；

麻花钻twistdrill；

抗体anti-body

7.氧化物oxidant；

毒品narcotics/narcoticdrugs；

解除管制decontrol

8.随机存储器（随机存储内存）RAM=RandomAccessMemory；

只读存储器（只读内存）ROM=Read-OnlyMemory；

下拉式菜单

Pull-down/drop-downMenu

9.中央处理器CPU=CentralProcessingUnit；

面向进程的process-oriented；

面向对象的object-oriented;

平板电脑tabletcomputer；

笔记本电脑

notebook/laptopcomputer;

台式机/台式电脑desktopcomputer

10.发电机组generatorunit/set；

powerunit;

水电站

hydropower/water-powerplant；

鸡心夹头heartcarrier

11.手术后的postoperative；

死后的/验尸的postmortem；

凝固点solidpoint

12.炸弹负荷/炸弹负载bombload；

立体显微镜Stereomicroscope；

空气阻力airreaction

13.工字钢I-steel；

槽钢U-steel；

金字塔式框架A-frame

14.声纳sonar；

镭射/激光laser；

雷达radar；

15.城市规划urbanplanning；

转/分r.p.m；

超导体superconductor

III.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese:

（30%,3pointsforeach）

1.airreaction,solidpoint,defensework

2.r.p.m,SCR,hydropower,

3.RAM,CPU,Read-OnlyMemory

4.stereomicroscope,oxidize,narcotics

5.process-oriented,heartcarrier,AC-DC

6.radar,sonar,superconductor

7.I-steel,T-beam,U-bolt

8.Morsecode,hypertext,front-user

9.hypo-health,postoperative,decontrol

10.mechanics,statics,kinematics

III.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese:

（20%,2pointsforeach）

1.Thesevacuumtubeswillseeuseintheoutputstage.这些真空管将在输出级得到应用。

2.Theshortestdistancebetweenrawmaterialandafinishedpartiscasting.铸造是把原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。

3.Birdsmaybeguidedintheirmigrationbythepositionofthesunorstars.鸟儿可能是通过太阳或恒星定位完成迁徙导航的。

4.Inthiscase,amagneticfieldwillbebuiltuproundthecoil.在这种情况下，线圈周围将形成一个磁场。

5.Atrialrunisneededbeforethemachineisputintooperation.在机器投入运行前，要先进行试车。

6.Anintricatenetworkofthecomputersystemrunsthismodernpetroleumrefinery.电子计算机系统的复杂网络管理着这个现代化的炼油厂。

7.MankindhasalwaysreverencedwhatTennysoncall“theusefultroubleofrain”.人类一直很推崇丁尼生所说的名言：

“雨既有用，又带来麻烦。

”

8.IsaacNewtonbelievedthattheuniverseissymmetricalandingoodbalance.艾萨克·

牛顿认为宇宙既是对称的，又是非常平衡的。

9.Hewasthrownintoconfusionbyunexpectedresultsinthefirstexperiment.首次实验发生的以外结果使他脑子陷入一片混乱。

10.Opticstechnologyisoneofthemostsensationaldevelopmentinrecentyears.光学技术是近年来轰动一时的科学成就之一。

11.Enginemustbreathefreelytoprovidemaximumpowerandperformance.发动机必须通风良好，以便提供最大动力，发挥最佳效果。

12.Largequantitiesofsteamareusedbymodernindustrytogeneratepower.现代化工业/现代产业大量使用蒸汽来发电。

13.Thisnew-typecylindricalvesselisdesignedandmadebyChineseworkers.这种新型圆筒形容器是由中国工人设计制造的。

14.Laserisfoundveryefficientindrillingsmallholesintunnelconstructions.人们早已发现，激光是隧道施工中用于细孔钻探的高效设备。

15.Aroughingcutisusuallytobefollowedbyafinishingcut.通常，先做粗切割，紧跟着进行精切割。

16.Iron,usually,isextractedfromtheorebymeltingitintheblastfurnace.铁，通常是由放入鼓风高炉的铁矿砂经冶炼熔化后提取出来。

IV.Cloze:

（15%,1pointforeach）

Peoplecanbecomeaddicted（1to）differentthings─e.g.,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,cellphone,selfiestick,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuch（2an）addictionarecompulsive,i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders;

Theyfeelthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,（3like）mostothers,isirrational─impossibletoexplainreasonably.（4For）compulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit,chargeaccountsareevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.（5In）otherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreater（6than）thepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.

Thereiseven（7a）specialpsychologyofbargain-hunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelook（8for）sales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon’tneedjust（9because）theyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame;

whentheycanbuysomethingfor（10less）thanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:

agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoand（11the）realreason.

Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,（12who）understandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychology（13to）increasebusiness.Theyconsiderpeople’sneeds