引用 NCBI常见术语Word下载.docx
- 文档编号:7033990
- 上传时间:2023-05-07
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:35
- 大小:44.46KB
引用 NCBI常见术语Word下载.docx
《引用 NCBI常见术语Word下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《引用 NCBI常见术语Word下载.docx(35页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
API
ApplicationProgrammingInterface.AnAPIisasetofroutinesthatanapplicationusestorequestandcarryoutlower-levelservicesperformedbyacomputer'
soperatingsystem.Forcomputersrunningagraphicaluserinterface,anAPImanagesanapplication'
swindows,icons,menus,anddialogboxes.
ASN.1
AbstractSyntaxNotation1isaninternationalstandarddata-representationformatusedtoachieveinteroperabilitybetweencomputerplatforms.Itallowsforthereliableexchangeofdataintermsofstructureandcontentbycomputerandsoftwaresystemsofalltypes.
BAC
BacterialArtificialChromosome.ABACisalargesegmentofDNA(100,000–200,000bp)fromanotherspeciesclonedintobacteria.OncetheforeignDNAhasbeenclonedintothehostbacteria,manycopiesofitcanbemade.
bitscore
ThevalueS′isderivedfromtherawalignmentscoreSinwhichthestatisticalpropertiesofthescoringsystemusedhavebeentakenintoaccount.Bynormalizingarawscoreusingtheformula:
a“bitscore”S′isattained,whichhasastandardsetofunits,andwhereKandlambdaarethestatisticalparametersofthescoringsystem.Becausebitscoreshavebeennormalizedwithrespecttothescoringsystem,theycanbeusedtocomparealignmentscoresfromdifferentsearches.
BLAST
BasicLocalAlignmentSearchTool(Altschuletal.,JMolBiol215:
403-410;
1990).Asequencecomparisonalgorithmthatisoptimizedforspeedandusedtosearchsequencedatabasesforoptimallocalalignmentstoaquery.SeetheBLASTchapter(Chapter15)orthetutorialorthenarrativeguidetoBLAST.
blastn
nucleotide–nucleotideBLAST.blastntakesnucleotidesequencesinFASTAformat,GenBankAccessionnumbers,orGInumbersandcomparesthemagainsttheNCBINucleotidedatabases.
blastp
protein–proteinBLAST.blastptakesproteinsequencesinFASTAformat,GenBankAccessionnumbers,orGInumbersandcomparesthemagainsttheNCBIProteindatabases.
BLAT
ADNA/Proteinsequenceanalysisprogramtoquicklyfindsequencesof95%andgreatersimilarityoflength40basesormore.Itmaymissmoredivergentorshortersequencealignments.BLATonproteinsfindssequencesof80%andgreatersimilarityoflength20aminoacidsormore.BLATisnotBLAST.(SeetheBLATwebpage.)
BLOB
BinaryLargeObject(orbinarydataobject).BLOBreferstoalargepieceofdata,suchasabitmap.ABLOBischaracterizedbylargefieldvalues,anunpredictabletablesize,anddatathatareformlessfromtheperspectiveofaprogram.ItisalsoakeyworddesignatingtheBLOBstructure,whichcontainsinformationaboutablockofdata.
build
Arunofthegenomeassemblyandannotationprocessofthesetofproductsgeneratedbythatrun.
CCAP
CancerChromosomeAberrationProject.CCAPwasdesignedtoexpeditethedefinitionanddetailedcharacterizationofthedistinctchromosomalalterationsthatareassociatedwithmalignanttransformation.TheprojectisacollaborationamongtheNCI,theNCBI,andnumerousresearchlabs.
CD
ConservedDomain.CDreferstoadomain(adistinctfunctionaland/orstructuralunitofaprotein)thathasbeenconservedduringevolution.Duringevolution,changesatspecificpositionsofanaminoacidsequenceintheproteinhaveoccurredinawaythatpreservethephysico-chemicalpropertiesoftheoriginalresidues,andhencethestructuraland/orfunctionalpropertiesofthatregionoftheprotein.
CDART
ConservedDomainArchitectureRetrievalTool.Whengivenaproteinquerysequence,CDARTdisplaysthefunctionaldomainsthatmakeuptheproteinandlistsproteinswithsimilardomainarchitectures.Thefunctionaldomainsforasequencearefoundbycomparingtheproteinsequencetoadatabaseofconserveddomainalignments,CDDusingRPS-BLAST.
CDD
ConservedDomainDatabase.Thisdatabaseisacollectionofsequencealignmentsandprofilesrepresentingproteindomainsconservedduringmolecularevolution.
cDNA
complementaryDNA.ADNAsequenceobtainedbyreversetranscriptionofamessengerRNA(mRNA)sequence.
CDS
codingregion,codingsequence.CDSreferstotheportionofagenomicDNAsequencethatistranslated,fromthestartcodontothestopcodon,inclusively,ifcomplete.ApartialCDSlackspartofthecompleteCDS(itmaylackeitherorboththestartandstopcodons).SuccessfultranslationofaCDSresultsinthesynthesisofaprotein.
CEPH
Centred'
EtudeduPolymorphismHumain
CGAP
CancerGenomeAnatomyProject.CGAPisaninterdisciplinaryprogramtoidentifythehumangenesexpressedindifferentcancerousstates,basedoncDNA(EST)libraries,andtodeterminethemolecularprofilesofnormal,precancerous,andmalignantcells.TheprojectisacollaborationamongtheNCI,theNCBI,andnumerousresearchlabs.
CGH
ComparativeGenomicHybidization.CGHisafluorescentmolecularcytogenetictechniquethatidentifieschromosomalaberrationsandmapsthesechangestometaphasechromosomes.CGHcanbeusedtogenerateamapofDNAcopynumberchangesintumorgenomes.CGHisbasedonquantitativetwo-colorfluorescenceinsituhybridization(FISH).DNAextractedfromtumorcellsislabeledinonecolor(e.g.,green)andmixedina1:
1ratiowithDNAfromnormalcells,whichislabeledinadifferentcolor(e.g.,red).Themixtureisthenappliedtonormalmetaphasechromosomes.Portionsofthegenomethatareequallyrepresentedinnormalandtumorcellswillappearorange,regionsthataredeletedinthetumorsamplerelativetothenormalsamplewillappearred,andregionsthatarepresentinhighercopynumberinthetumorsample(becauseofamplification)willappeargreen.Specialimageanalysistoolsarenecessarytoquantitatetheratioofgreen-to-redfluorescencetodeterminewhetheragivenregionismorehighlyrepresentedinthenormalorinthetumorsample.
CGI
CommonGatewayInterface.AmechanismthatallowsaWebservertorunaprogramorscriptontheserverandsendtheoutputtoaWebbrowser.
cluster
Agroupthatiscreatedbasedoncertaincriteria.Forexample,ageneclustermayincludeasetofgeneswhosesimilarexpressionprofilesarefoundtobesimilaraccordingtocertaincriteria,oraclustermayrefertoagroupofclonesthatarerelatedtoeachotherbyhomology.
Cn3D
“Seein3-D”isastructureandsequencealignmentviewerforNCBIdatabases.Itallowsviewingof3-Dstructuresandsequence–structureorstructure–structurealignments.Cn3Dcanworkasahelperapplicationtothebrowserorasaclient–serverapplicationthatretrievesstructurerecordsfromtheMolecularModelingDatabase(MMDB,seebelow)directlyfromtheinternet.TheCn3Dhomepageprovidesaccesstoinformationonhowtoinstalltheprogram,atutorialtogetstarted,andacomprehensivehelpdocument.
codon
SequenceofthreenucleotidesinDNAormRNAthatspecifiesaparticularaminoacidduringproteinsynthesis;
alsocalledatriplet.Ofthe64possiblecodons,3arestopcodons,whichdonotspecifyaminoacids.
COGs
ClustersofOrthologousGroups(ofproteins)weredelineatedbycomparingproteinsequencesfromcompletelysequencedgenomes.EachCOGconsistsofindividualproteinsorgroupsofparalogsfromatleastthreelineagesandthuscorrespondstoanancientconserveddomain.
consensussequence
ThenucleotidesoraminoacidsfoundmostcommonlyateachpositioninthesequencesofhomologousDNAs,RNAs,orproteins.
contig
Acontiguoussegmentofthegenomemadebyjoiningoverlappingclonesorsequences.Aclonecontigconsistsofagroupofcloned(copied)piecesofDNArepresentingoverlappingregionsofaparticularchromosome.Asequencecontigisanextendedsequencecreatedbymergingprimarysequencesthatoverlap.AcontigmapshowstheregionsofachromosomewherecontiguousDNAsegmentsoverlap.Contigmapsprovidetheabilitytostudyacompleteandoftenlargesegmentofthegenomebyexaminingaseriesofoverlappingclones,whichthenprovideanunbrokensuccessionofinformationaboutthatregion.
Coriell
CoriellInstituteofAgingCellRepository
CPU
CentralProcessingUnit.TheCPUisthecomputationalandcontrolunitofacomputer,thedevicethatinterpretsandexecutesinstructions.
CSS
CascadingStyleSheets.CSSspecifytheformattingdetailsthatcontrolthepresentationandlayoutofHTMLandXMLelements.CSScanbeusedfordescribingtheformattingbehaviorandtextdecorationofsimplystructuredXMLdocumentsbutcannotdisplaystructurethatvariesfromthestructureofthesourcedata.
Cubby
AtoolofEntrez,theCubbystoressearchstrategiesthatmaybeupdatedatanytime,storesLinkOutpreferencestospecifywhichLinkOutprovidershavetobedisplayedinPubMed,andchangesthedefaultdocumentdeliveryservice.
DCMS
DataCreationandMaintenanceSystem
DDBJ
DNADataBankofJapan
definitionline
AsequenceinFASTAforma
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 引用 NCBI常见术语 NCBI 常见 术语