语法大全直接引语变间接引语的用法Word格式.docx
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语法大全直接引语变间接引语的用法Word格式.docx
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此刻时它需改成过去时态;
过去时态改成完成时;
过去完成时那么保留原先的时态。
如:
1)Shesaid."
Ihavelostapen."
→Shesaidshehadlostapen.
2)Shesaid."
Wehopeso."
→Shesaidtheyhopedso.
3)Shesaid."
Hewillgotoseehisfriend。
→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。
但要注意在以下几种情形下。
在直接引语变成间接引语时,时态一样不转变。
①直接引语是客观真理。
Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。
Jacksaid.“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?
”→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变成间接引语时,时态不变。
XiaoWangsaid."
IwasbornonApril20,1980。
→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。
④直接引语若是是一样此刻时。
表示一种反复显现或适应性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。
Hesaid,"
Igetupatsixeverymorning。
→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。
⑤若是直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:
oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已是过去时的形式时,(例:
could,should,would,might)再也不变。
Petersaid."
Youhadbettercomehavetoday。
→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。
三、如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语,状语转变有其内在规那么,时刻状语由“此刻”改成“原先”(例:
now变成then,yesterday变成thedaybefore)地址状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改成“彼”(例:
this改成that),如:
Thesebooksaremine."
→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.
四、如何变句型:
①直接引语若是是陈述句,间接引语应改成由that引导的宾语从句。
Shesaid,"
Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."
→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.
②直接引语若是是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一样疑问句,间接引语应改成由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:
Canyouswim,John?
→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.
Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?
mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.
Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?
→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.
③直接引语若是是特殊问句,间接引语应该改成由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必需用陈述句语序)。
Sheaskedme,"
Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?
→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.
④直接引语若是是祈使句,间接引语应改成"
tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth."
句型。
Don’tmakeanynoise,"
shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.
Bringmeacupoftea,please,"
saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.
⑤直接引语若是是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变成间接引语时,通经常使用“suggest+动句词(或从句)。
”如:
Let’sgotothefilm."
→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.
引述他人的话有两种方式:
一是利用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;
一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。
例如:
Johnsaid,"
I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."
约翰说:
我要和父亲到伦敦去。
(引号内是直接引语)
JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.
约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。
(宾语从句是间接引语)
由直接引语变成间接引语,分以下情形:
一、直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that能够省略),主句的引述动词要紧有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。
YouareyoungerthanI.”Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.
二、直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序:
主句的谓语动词say改成ask,或改成wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。
(1)一样疑问句或反意疑问句变成if(whether)引导的宾语从句。
Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?
→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.
Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?
→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.
(2)选择疑问句变成whether….or宾语从句。
Iaskedhim,"
Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?
→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.
(3)特殊疑问句变成由原先的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
Heasked,"
Wheredoyoulive?
→HeaskedmewhereIlived.
3、直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式,作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语(don’t变成not).
Theteachersaidtotheboy,"
Openthewindow."
→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.
Hisfathersaidtohim,“Don’tleavethedooropen.”→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.
[注意]
(1)有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,能够用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。
Let’sgotothetheatre."
→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.
(2)"
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?
heasked.
→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.
Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?
heasked.
→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.
Shallwelistentothemusic?
→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.
4、直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what或how引导,也能够用that引导。
Whatalovelydayitis!
→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
五、若是主句谓语动词为各类此刻时或一样以后时,那么间接引语中的动词仍维持直接引语原先时态。
若是主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按以下转变:
(1)一样此刻时变成一样过去时
(2)此刻进行时变成过去进行时
(3)一样以后时变成过去以后时
(4)此刻完成时变成过去完成时
(5)一样过去时变成过去完成时
(6)过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时
(1)若是直接引语是表示客观真理时,变成间接引语,一样此刻时不改成一样过去时。
Theteachersaid"
Theearthgoesroundthesun."
→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
(2)若是直接引语中有明确表示过时刻的状语,变成间接引语时,一样过去时不改成过去完成时。
Hesaidtome,"
Iwasbornin1973."
→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.
(3)若是直接引语所述事实在那时和目前一样生效,变成间接宾语时,一样此刻时不改成一样过去时。
I’maboy,notagirl."
→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.
(4)若是直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复显现或适应动作,在变成间接引时,一样此刻时不改成一样过去时。
Thegirlsaid,"
Igetupatsixeverymorning."
→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.
(5)若是直接引语中含有since,when,while
引导的表示过去时刻的状语从句,在变成间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一样过去时那么不变。
IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."
→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.
(6)若是直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,hadbetter和情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变成间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。
Theteachersaidtome."
Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."
→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.
Hesaid,"
IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."
→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.
6.代词等一样地应作用相应的转变。
指示代词this---that
these---those
表示时刻的词now---then
today---thatday
thisweek(month,etc)----thatweek(month,etc)
yesterday----thedaybefore
lastweek(month)---theweek(month)before
threedays(ayear)ago---threedays(ayear)before
tomorrow----thenext(following)day
nextweek(month)--thenext(following)week(month)
表地址的词here--there
动词bring--take
come–go
直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解
概念:
直接引语:
直接引用他人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。
例:
Hesaid:
Itistoolate."
间接引语:
用自己的话转述他人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式组成。
Hesaiditwastoolate.
直接引语与间接引语彼此转化时应注意的问题
第一:
人称的转变。
主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。
直接引语Shesaid:
Iamhungry."
间接引语Shesaidshewashungry.
直接引语Mumsaidtome:
Youmustcleanyourbedroombyyourself."
间接引语MumtoldmethatIhadtocleanmybedroombymyself.
第二:
时态转变
直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。
其规律如以下图。
注意:
1.直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一样此刻时。
Teachertoldus:
Themoonmovesroundtheearth."
Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.
2.直接引语为一样过去时而且与具体时刻状语连历时,间接引语仍用一样过去时。
Shesaid:
IwenttoEnglandin1998."
ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998.
3.主句为一样此刻时或一样以后时的时候,间接引语时态不变。
Hesays:
Iboughtyouabookyesterday."
Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.
第三:
指示代词、时刻状语、地址状语和动词的转变。
第四:
句式上的转变
1.陈述句变间接引语时,用that连接。
Iamagirl."
Shesaidthatshewasagirl.(that能够省略)
2.一样疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时,要用陈述语气,并要加连词if或whether。
Sheaskedme:
AreyouMr.Li?
SheaskedmeifIwasMr.Li.
Sheaskedus:
Doyouwanttogoonapicnic?
Sheaskedusifwewantedtogoonapicnic.
3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear,"
Susanaskedherhusband.
Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.
4.祈使句变间接引语,一改二变三加四去。
一改:
said(to)改成asked或told,ordered等
二变:
saidto的宾语或呼语变成asked等的宾语
三加:
即在动词原形前加to,使成为动词不定式
四去:
去掉please
Hesaidtoher:
Don'
ttakethebookaway."
Heaskedhernottotakethebookaway.
5.感叹句变成间接引语
Whatawfulweatheritis!
shesaid.
Shecomplainedabouttheawfulweather.
Whatabrightgirlyouare."
Hesaidtome.
HepraisedmethatIwasabrightgirl.
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