Why we have too few women leadersWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Why we have too few women leadersWord文档下载推荐.docx
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minthemeeting--it'
saboutathree-hourmeeting--andtwohoursin,therekindofneedstobethatbiobreak,andeveryonestandsup,andthepartnerrunningthemeetingstartslookingreallyembarrassed.AndIrealizedhedoesn'
tknowwherethewomen'
sroomisinhisoffice.SoIstartlookingaroundformovingboxes,figuringtheyjustmovedin,butIdon'
tseeany.AndsoIsaid,"
Didyoujustmoveintothisoffice?
"
Andhesaid,"
No,we'
vebeenhereaboutayear."
AndIsaid,"
AreyoutellingmethatIamtheonlywomantohavepitchedadealinthisofficeinayear?
Andhelookedatme,andhesaid,"
Yeah.Ormaybeyou'
retheonlyonewhohadtogotothebathroom."
Sothequestionis,howarewegoingtofixthis?
Howdowechangethesenumbersatthetop?
Howdowemakethisdifferent?
Iwanttostartoutbysaying,Italkaboutthis--aboutkeepingwomenintheworkforce--becauseIreallythinkthat'
stheanswer.Inthehigh-incomepartofourworkforce,inthepeoplewhoendupatthetop--Fortune500CEOjobs,ortheequivalentinotherindustries--theproblem,Iamconvinced,isthatwomenaredroppingout.Nowpeopletalkaboutthisalot,andtheytalkaboutthingslikeflextimeandmentoringandprogramscompaniesshouldhavetotrainwomen.Iwanttotalkaboutnoneofthattoday--eventhoughthat'
sallreallyimportant.TodayIwanttofocusonwhatwecandoasindividuals.Whatarethemessagesweneedtotellourselves?
Whatarethemessageswetellthewomenthatworkwithandforus?
Whatarethemessageswetellourdaughters?
Nowattheoutset,Iwanttobeveryclearthatthisspeechcomeswithnojudgments.Idon'
thavetherightanswer;
Idon'
tevenhaveitformyself.IleftSanFrancisco,whereIlive,onMonday,andIwasgettingontheplaneforthisconference.Andmydaughter,who'
sthree,whenIdroppedheroffatpreschool,didthatwholehuggingtheleg,crying,"
Mommy,don'
tgetontheplane,"
thing.Thisishard.Ifeelguiltysometimes.Iknownowomen,whetherthey'
reathome,orwhetherthey'
reintheworkforce,thatdon'
tfeelthatsometimes.SoI'
mnotsayingthatstayingintheworkforceistherightthingforeveryone.
Mytalktodayisaboutwhatthemessagesareifyoudowanttostayintheworkforce.AndIthinktherearethree.One,sitatthetable.Two,makeyourpartnerarealpartner.Andthree--don'
tleavebeforeyouleave.Numberone:
sitatthetable.JustacoupleweeksagoatFacebook,wehostedaveryseniorgovernmentofficial,andhecameintomeetwithseniorexecsfromaroundSiliconValley.Andeveryonekindofsatatthetable.Andthenhehadthesetwowomenwhoweretravelingwithhimwhowereprettyseniorinhisdepartment.AndIkindofsaidtothem,"
Sitatthetable.Comeon,sitatthetable."
Andtheysatonthesideoftheroom.WhenIwasincollegemysenioryear,ItookacoursecalledEuropeanIntellectualHistory.Don'
tyoulovethatkindofthingfromcollege.IwishIcoulddothatnow.AndItookitwithmyroommate,Carrie,whowasthenabrilliantliterarystudent--andwentontobeabrilliantliteraryscholar--andmybrother--smartguy,butawaterpoloplayingpre-med,whowasasophomore.
Thethreeofustakethisclasstogether.AndthenCarriereadsallthebooksintheoriginalGreekandLatin--goestoallthelectures--IreadallthebooksinEnglishandgotomostofthelectures.Mybrotheriskindofbusy;
hereadsonebookof12andgoestoacoupleoflectures,marcheshimselfuptoourroomacoupledaysbeforetheexamtogethimselftutored.Thethreeofusgototheexamtogether,andwesitdown.Andwesitthereforthreehours--andourlittlebluenotebooks--yes,I'
mthatold.Andwewalkout,andwelookateachother,andwesay,"
Howdidyoudo?
AndCarriesays,"
Boy,IfeellikeIdidn'
treallydrawoutthemainpointontheHegeliandialectic."
AndIsay,"
God,IreallywishIhadreallyconnectedJohnLocke'
stheoryofpropertywiththephilosophersthatfollow."
Andmybrothersays,"
Igotthetopgradeintheclass."
"
Yougotthetopgradeintheclass?
Youdon'
tknowanything."
Theproblemwiththesestoriesisthattheyshowwhatthedatashows:
womensystematicallyunderestimatetheirownabilities.
Ifyoutestmenandwomen,andyouaskthemquestionsontotallyobjectivecriterialikeGPA'
s,mengetitwrongslightlyhigh,andwomengetitwrongslightlylow.Womendonotnegotiateforthemselvesintheworkforce.Astudyinthelasttwoyearsofpeopleenteringtheworkforceoutofcollegeshowedthat57percentofboysentering--ormen,Iguess--arenegotiatingtheirfirstsalary,andonlysevenpercentofwomen.Andmostimportantly,
menattributetheirsuccesstothemselves,andwomenattributeittootherexternalfactors.Ifyouaskmenwhytheydidagoodjob,they'
llsay,"
I'
mawesome.Obviously.Whyareyouevenasking?
Ifyouaskwomenwhytheydidagoodjob,whatthey'
llsayissomeonehelpedthem,theygotlucky,theyworkedreallyhard.
Whydoesthismatter?
Boy,itmattersalotbecause
noonegetstothecornerofficebysittingontheside,notatthetable.Andnoonegetsthepromotioniftheydon'
tthinktheydeservetheirsuccess,ortheydon'
tevenunderstandtheirownsuccess.
Iwishtheanswerwereeasy.IwishIcouldjustgotellalltheyoungwomenIworkwith,allthesefabulouswomen,"
Believeinyourselfandnegotiateforyourself.Ownyourownsuccess."
IwishIcouldtellthattomydaughter.Butit'
snotthatsimple.Becausewhatthedatashows,aboveallelse,isonething--whichisthat
successandlikabilityarepositivelycorrelatedformenandnegativelycorrelatedforwomen.
Andeveryone'
snodding,becauseweallknowthistobetrue.
There'
sareallygoodstudythatshowsthisreallywell.There'
safamousHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyonawomannamedHeidiRoizen.Andshe'
sanoperatorinacompanyinSiliconValley,andsheuseshercontactstobecomeaverysuccessfulventurecapitalist.In2002--notsolongago--aprofessorwhowasthenatColumbiaUniversitytookthatcaseandmadeitHowardRoizen.Andhegavecaseout--bothofthem--totwogroupsofstudents.Hechangedexactlyoneword:
HeiditoHoward.Butthatonewordmadeareallybigdifference.Hethensurveyedthestudents.Andthegoodnewswasthestudents,bothmenandwomen,thoughtHeidiandHowardwereequallycompetent,andthat'
sgood.ThebadnewswasthateveryonelikedHoward.He'
sagreatguy,youwanttoworkforhim,youwanttospendthedayfishingwithhim.ButHeidi?
Notsosure.She'
salittleoutforherself.She'
salittlepolitical.You'
renotsureyou'
dwanttoworkforher.Thisisthecomplication.Wehavetotellourdaughtersandourcolleagues,wehavetotellourselvestobelievewegottheA,toreachforthepromotion,tositatthetable.Andwehavetodoitinaworldwhere,forthem,therearesacrificestheywillmakeforthat,
eventhoughfortheirbrothers,therearenot.
Thesaddestthingaboutallofthisisthatit'
sreallyhardtorememberthis.AndI'
mabouttotellastorywhichistrulyembarrassingforme,butIthinkimportant.IgavethistalkatFacebooknotsolongagotoaboutahundredemployees.Andacouplehourslater,therewasayoungwomanwhoworkstheresittingoutsidemylittledesk,andshewantedtotalktome.Isaid,okay,andshesatdown,andwetalked.Andshesaid,"
Ilearnedsomethingtoday.IlearnedthatIneedtokeepmyhandup."
Isaid,"
Whatdoyoumean?
Shesaid,"
Well,you'
regivingthistalk,andyousaidyouweregoingtotaketwomorequestions.AndIhadmyhandupwithlotsofotherpeople,andyoutooktwomorequestions.AndIputmyhanddown,andInoticedallthewomenputtheirhanddown,andthenyoutookmorequestions,onlyfromthemen."
AndIthoughttomyself,wow,ifit'
sme--whocaresaboutthis,obviously--givingthistalk--andduringthistalk,Ican'
tevennoticethatthemen'
shandsarestillraised,andthewomen'
shandsarestillraised,howgoodareweasmanagersofourcompaniesandourorganizationsatseeingthatthemenarereachingforopportunitiesmorethanwomen?
We'
vegottogetwomentositatthetable.
Messagenumbertwo:
makeyourpartnerarealpartner.I'
vebecomeconvincedthatwe'
vemademoreprogressintheworkforcethanwe
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