全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,___1___thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan___2___alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto___3___themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.___4___agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.___5___aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying___6___agoodfamily.
Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,___7___bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand___8___prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,___9___cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,and___10___acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe___11___.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife’sparentsandmay___12___withthemuptoayear,___13___theycanbuildanewhousenearby.
Divorceislegalandeasyto___14___,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare___15___withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains___16___propertyheorshe___17___intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis___18___equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice___19___up:
Thedivorcedmaledoesn’thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry___20___thewomanmustwaittenmonths.
1.[A]aswellas[B]bywayof[C]onbehalfof[D]withregardto
2.[A]adaptto[B]providefor[C]competewith[D]decideon
3.[A]renew[B]close[C]arrange[D]postpone
4.[A]Intheory[B]Intime[C]Aboveall[D]Forexample
5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless
6.[A]within[B]into[C]from[D]through
7.[A]sine[B]or[C]so[D]but
8.[A]test[B]recite[C]copy[D]create
9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying
10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving
11.[A]association[B]meeting[C]collection[D]union
12.[A]grow[B]part[C]live[D]deal
13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if
14.[A]follow[B]obtain[C]challenge[D]avoid
15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed
16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever
17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed
18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided
19.[A]clears[B]shows[C]warms[D]breaks
20.[A]while[B]once[C]sowhat[D]inthat
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwoman.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness”bypromotingextremedieting.
Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.That’sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestohealth—assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.
Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.
TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep—andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.
Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.
IncontrasttoFrance’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates:
“Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.”Thecharter’smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.
Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.
21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?
[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.
[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.
[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.
[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.
22.Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeaningto__.
[A]indicatingthestateof
[B]heighteningthevalueof
[C]losingfaithin
[D]doingharmto
23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?
[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.
[B]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.
[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.
[D]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.
24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor__.
[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions
[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels’character
[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors
[D]settingahighagethresholdformodels
25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?
[A]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry
[B]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty
[C]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance
[D]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals
Text2
Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.
AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.”Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.”Hill’spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.
Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorising“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.
Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLandonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.
Theideathat“housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?
Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.
26.Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside__.
[A]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics
[B]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily
[C]didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage
[D]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachi
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