定语从句讲解及练习.docx
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定语从句讲解及练习.docx
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定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句
一.定语从句的概念:
定语从句:
是指在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”.引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
在限制性定语从句中的关系词指代人who,whom,that
指代事物which,that所属关系whose,ofwhich
指地点where指时间when
指原因why,但是在非限制性定语从句中无论指人指物都不用that,其他的关系代词及副词均可使用。
一:
关系代词的实质
Jointhefollowingsentences:
Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.
Aplaneisamaichinethemachinecanfly.
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday
ThegirlwesawheryesterdayisMary.
Thegirlwho/that/whomwesawyesterisMary.
二.关系词的三个作用
A.连接作用(连接定语从句)B.指代作用(指代先行词
C.成分作用(在定语从句中充当成分)
三.关系代词的用法举例:
1.who(主语)
IhavebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheenglishspeechcontestlastyear.
Aworker,whoworks8hoursaday,canearn10dollars
2.whom(宾语)
Theman(whom)youarewaitingforisourteacherinchief.(that/who)均可省略
MrLiuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedaboutonthebus.
LimingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.
3.Which作主语和宾语that(主语)(宾语)
Doyourememberthechickenfarmwhichwevisitedthreemonthsago?
Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool.whichisnamedafterhisgrandfather,
4..whose(定语)ThestudentwhosefatherworksinourschoollikesEnglish.(指人)
Lookout,don’tgettooclosetothehousewhoseroofisunderrepair.
Manychildern,whoseparentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.
注意:
指物时,常用...ofwhich结构来代替:
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?
Doyoulikethebookofwhichthecoverisyellow?
1.Thisisthebookthatisusefultoyou
2.Thisisausefulbook,whichwillgiveyoumuchhelp,perhaps.
3.TheboywhomadeuphismindtolearnEnglishwellsetsanexampletous.
小结:
关系代词的成分作用:
指人作主语的有:
who,that.指人作宾语的有:
(who/whomthat/)指4作主语的that,which.指物作宾语的(that,which.)whose作定语既指人也指物。
四:
关系代词的特殊用法:
1.Who1)先行词是one,ones,those,只能用who不用that.
Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
Don’ttellanyonewhoisunfitforthejob.
Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskshouldbecriticized.
2.that的特殊用法
that只能用在限定性定语从句中,在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用
that,另外介词后边也不可用that,而是跟which.
有些情况下,只宜用that,而不宜用which
i.先行词是最高级形容词或者它前面有最高级形容词的时候
Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.
Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringthese
years.
ii.先行词是序数词,或者它前面有一个序数词的时候
Heisthelastperson(that)Iwanttosee.
ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.
iii.主句已有疑问词who或者which的时候
Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
Whoisthewomanthatwaspraixedatthemeeting?
iv.先行词既有人又有物,宜用that
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolice
station.
v.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时
Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
Irufusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’sfault.
Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.
vi.先行词前面Only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等
词修饰的时候
Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.
LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclass.
vii.有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that.
Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen
before.
3.which的特殊用法:
1)在非限制性定语从句中无论指物作主语还是宾语都只能用which,不能用that.
ThescienceMuseum,whichwevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneoflondon’stoouristattractions.
Yesterdayshesoldhercar,whichsheboughtamonthago.
2)which可以指代前文中的一句话。
MarywasmuchkindertoJackthatnshewastotheothers,which,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.
Aftergradiatomgfromcollege,Itooksometimeoffthogotravelling,whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.
3)which可以指代一种职业。
Hissisterhasbecomealawyer,whichshewantedtobe.
Heisnowawriter,whichhehasbeendreamingofformanyyears.
五:
关系代词as的用法。
as(主语)Sheistheonlyoneascangiveushelpnow.
Inthelibrarythereareasmanybooksasareneeded.
as(表语)Sheisasgoodacookashermotheris.
as(宾语)Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.
as.单独使用,引导定语从句
Asisknowntoall,theearth,(asisknowntoall),goesaroundthesunonceayear.(as/whichisknowntoall)
As引导定语从句时常与thesame…as/such…as构成固定结构thesame…as/as…as
1.Shewouldliketousethesameruleraswasusedyesterday.(主语)
2.Shewouldliketousethesamerulerassheusedyesterday.(宾语)
3.Heisnotthesameboyasheusedtobe(表语)
*IwouldliketousethesamerulerthatIusedyesterday.(宾语)同一把尺子
such…as/as…as
1.Childrenshouldonlyreadsuchbooksasarerecommendedtothembytheirteachers.(主语)
2.Theyhadneverheardofsuchthingsaswetoldthem.(宾语)
3.Billisnotsuchacarelessstudentasyouthinkheis.(表语)
*ThatissuchaninterestingbookasIwanttoread.(定从)
*ThatissuchaninterestingbookthatIwanttoreadit.(状从)
4.Sheisasgoodacookashermotheris.(表语)
六:
as与which引导定语从句的区别:
从位置上看:
as引导的定从句可以放在句首,句中,句尾。
Eg:
Asweallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Taiwan,asweallknow,belongstoChina.
从成分上看:
as可以作主动语态的宾语,被动语态的主语。
Ourteam,aswehadexpected,fefeatedtheirsinthefootballmatch.
Asisannouncedinthepapers,Chinahassentupanothersatellite.
常用的动词有:
know,expect,announce,report,show.mention.
As只能指代整个主句,不能指代单个先行词。
Which,引导的定从句只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首。
Which作主动语态的主语和宾语。
也可以指代整个句子。
Eg:
Theelephantislikeasnake,which/aseverybodycansee.
Thehonestboytoldalie,whichhefoundstrange.
六:
特殊定语从句:
1)分列式定语从句:
eg:
Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinb\vitedtothepalaceball.
B)Iaskedtheboytostayathomewhohadbeenillforalongtime.
C)ricanpeople,especiallyAmericanlaborers,whoarefriendlytousdon’tlikewar.
D)ewteacherwillcometomorrowwhoteachyouGerman.
2)插入式定语从句
A.Isuggestedyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly
B.LastyearImetaman,Istillremembertoday,whowaslaughinglikeamaddoginthestreet.
C)Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery,whichIthinkisveryimportanttoscience.
D.ThisisMrWhite,whoIthinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.
Practice:
高考真题
1.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister____shewouldstayforanhour.
A.whereB.whoC.whichD.what
2.Inchina,thenumberofciiesisincreasing____developmentisrecognizeacrosstheworld.
A.WhereB.whichC.whoseD.that
3.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthatnshewastotheothers,______,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
4.Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which
5.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
6.Iwalkuptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake(2011)
A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that
7.Youwillfindataxiwaitingatthebusstation_____youcanhiretorachyourhostfamily.(2011)
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
8.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_______urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what
9.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,______forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom
Answers:
1.A2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.A8.B9.B
七:
定语从句注意事项
a)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数型动词
the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数型动词
TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsof
visitors.
Titanicisthe(only)oneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeen
producedinHollywood.
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoallthatIcantohelpyou.
我是你的好朋友,我会尽我一切所能来帮你。
Thefamily,whoarefondofmusic,gototheconcertonceamonth.
这家人很爱音乐,他们每月都去听一次音乐会。
b)缺少先行词
Isthismuseum______youvisitedafewdaysago?
Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedafewdaysago?
AwhereB.thatC.onwhichDtheone
Period2.介词+关系代词
在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中,应注意介词的正确选择。
①根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim'swatchandDella'shair.
Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I'llneverforgettheayonwhichIfirstmethim.
Canyouimagineapropersituationinwhichtheexpressioncanbeused
③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Galileomadeatelescopethroughwhichhecouldtudythesky.
Isthatthehouseinwhichyouoncelived
④根据所要表达的意思来确定。
Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,afterwhichhefoundajobinabigcompany.
Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,ofwhichNewYorkisanexample.
关系代词前面,常常可以加上一个介词。
这个介词属于定语从句的一个部分,只是把它移到了关系代词的前面。
例如:
1.Theschoolwhich[that]heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
2.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazinewhich[that]youaskedfor.
TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.
3.Thisistheboywhom[who/that]Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.
ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.
4.We’llgotohearthefamoussingerwhom[who/that]wehaveoftentalkedabout.
We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
5.ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimpr
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