牛津上海版高三英语上册同步学案 第11讲 虚拟语气.docx
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牛津上海版高三英语上册同步学案 第11讲 虚拟语气.docx
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牛津上海版高三英语上册同步学案第11讲虚拟语气
授课日期
时间
A/B/C/D/E/F段
主题
虚拟语气用法总结
学习目标
掌握虚拟语气的各种用法
教学内容
1、上次课后巩固作业复习;
2、互动探索
IfIwereaboyevenjustforaday
假如我是男孩哪怕只有一天
I'drollouttabedinthemorning
清晨我会从床上翻下来
AndthrowonwhatIwantedandgo
随便套上我想穿的衣服
Drinkbeerwiththeguys
和朋友们一块喝酒
Andchaseaftergirls
泡妞
I'dkickitwithwhoIwanted
和我喜欢的人混在一起
AndI'dnevergetconfrontedforit
而且没人敢来质问我
'Causethey'dstickupforme
因为他们都挺我
IfIwereaboy
假如我是男孩
IthinkIcouldunderstand
我想我会懂得
……
虚拟语气
i.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
主/从句
时间
条件从句
主句
过去
had+过去分词
would(should/could/might)have+过去分词
现在
过去式(be用were)
would(should/could/might)
+动词原形
将来
过去式/should/
wereto+动词原形
would(should/could/might)
+动词原形
【知识梳理1】
虚拟语气用于if条件句中,主从句的谓语动词的相应形式参见上表。
例句:
如果上天再给我一次机会,我会对那个女孩说三个字。
IftheGodgavemeanotherchance,Iwouldsaythreewordstothatgirl.
【例题精讲】
We_______backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.[北京高考题]
A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe
【知识梳理2】
虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句中,主从句动作发生的时间不一致,这时主从句动词的形式应根据句意或时间来调整,选用适当的虚拟形式。
例句:
如果Alice那时不做出牲的话,人类现在可能已经灭绝了。
IfAlicehadn’tmakeasacrificeatthattime,humanbeingswouldbeextinctnow.
【例题精讲】
用括号内词适当形式填空
1.Ifhehadplayed(play)basketballinhighschool,hewouldbe(be)agreatcollegeplayernow.
2.IfJohnweremychild,Iwouldhaveencouragedhimtoplaybasketballnotfootball.
【知识梳理3】
如果条件句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have,有时可以把if省略掉,但这时要把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have放在主语前。
【例题精讲】
1.________themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.[天津高考题]
A.DidhecatchB.shouldbecatch
C.hashecaughtD.Hadhecaught
2.________nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.[福建高考题]
A.WerethereB.Hadtherebeen
C.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen
【知识梳理4】
表示“若不是”之意时,可以用如下两种句型:
Ifitweren'tfor.=butfor…意为“若不是(对现在情况的假设)”。
Ifithadn'tbeenfor.=butfor…意为“当时若不是(对过去情况的假设)”。
【例题精讲】
翻译:
要不是下雨,庄稼就死了。
【知识梳理5】
在含蓄条件句中,可以用有些介词(with,without,butfor),连词(or,otherwise,but,however)、不定式短语、名词短语或陈述句表示虚拟的条件。
【例题精讲】
Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse;wewouldn’thavefoundit________.
A.nowhereB.howeverC.otherwiseD.instead
【巩固练习】
(基础题)
1.Mr.Brownahouseifhehadenoughmoney.
A.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.boughtD.hasbought
2.ButforJohn,wethematchlastweek.
A.wouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.hadlostD.lost
3.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,heasleepsoquickly.
A.willnothavefallenB.willnotfall
C.wouldnothavefallenD.hadnotfallen
4.TheSmithsalovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.
A.willhaveB.wouldhaveC.haveD.havehad
5.Ifyoulearnedtoswim,yousaferinthewater.
A.willfeelB.feltC.wouldfeelD.feel
6.Itagoodmatchifit.
A.wouldhavebeen...hadn'trainedB.willbe...hadn'trained
C.wouldhavebeen...shouldn'trainD.willhavebeen...didn'train
7.IfMotheryouwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.
A.hasknownB.willknowC.hadknownD.wouldknow
8.Peterarichmantodayifhemorecarefulinthepast.
A.is...hadbeenB.was...were
C.willbe...shouldbeD.wouldbe...hadbeen
9.IfIweretodothiswork,Iitinmyownway.
A.woulddoB.doC.willdoD.did
10.Iftheplanecrashed,we.
A.wouldallkillB.willallbekilled
C.wouldallhavebeenkilledD.wouldallbekilled
11.morecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.
A.IfshelistenedB.Ifshelistens
C.IfshehaslistenedD.Hadshelistened
12.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,heascientistnow.
A.willbeB.isC.hasbeenD.wouldbe
13.,wewouldhavevisitedthemuseumthen.
A.IfitdoesnotrainB.Shoulditnotrain
C.HaditnotrainedD.Ifithasnotrained
14.Shoulditstopraining,Iforawalk.
A.hadgoneB.wentC.wouldhavegoneD.wouldgo
15.hetryagain,hemightbesuccessful.
A.CouldB.MightC.MustD.Should
16.Iftheteacherhadn'texplainedittome,Itheproblemsowell.
A.wouldneverbeunderstoodB.hadneverunderstood
C.wouldneverhaveunderstoodD.willneverhaveunderstood
17.—Whydidn'tyoubuythatdictionary?
—IifIhadhadenoughmoney.
A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.haveboughtD.hadbought
18.IfJanehadn'tmissedtheearlytrain,sheontime,butshewaslate.
A.willarriveB.wouldarriveC.wouldhavearrivedD.hadarrived
19.,hewouldbesurprised.
A.WereTomtoseeyouB.WereTomseeyou
C.IfTomistoseeyouD.IfTomhasseenyou
20.Butforyourhelp,Itheplace.
A.can'tfindB.can'thavefoundC.couldn'thavefoundD.haven'tfound
21.Iknownheneededmoneysobadly,Imighthavemanagedtohelphim.
A.UnlessB.WhenC.IfD.Had
22.,Iwouldn'tdothat.
A.IfIaminyourplaceB.WereIinyourplace
C.IfIhavebeeninyourplaceD.IfIamtobeinyourplace
23.,Ishouldpainttheroomwhite.
A.IfIhavebeenyouB.IfIwouldbeyou
C.IfIwillbeyouD.IfIwereyou
24.Ifyouwereofferedatriptothemoon,youit?
A.will...acceptB.are...goingtoaccept
C.do...acceptD.would...accept
25.—Alice,whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?
—I,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
A.hadB.wouldhaveC.wasgoingtoD.BorC
(提高题)
1.______,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.
A.IftheydonothelpusB.Wasitnotfortheirhelp
C.ShouldtheyoffertohelpusD.Butfortheirhelp
2.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit______ontheway.
A.goeswrongB.gowrongC.wentwrongD.wouldgowrong
3.______forthetrafficjam,Ishouldhavecoveredfiftymiles.
A.HaditbeenB.Haditnotbeen
C.IthadnotbeenD.Itnothadbeen
4.—DidyounoticeJohnwasnotatworktoday?
—No.If______working,Iwouldhavenoticedit.
A.I’dbeB.Iwasn’tC.I’dbeenD.weren’t
5.______tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalivetoday.
A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.shouldhehadgoneD.Hadhegone
6.______yesterday,Iwouldhavestayedathome.
A.HaditrainedB.ShoulditrainedC.WereittorainD.Diditrain
7.I______youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthetime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldhaveboughtD.musthavebought
8.Ifit______yesterday,wecouldplayfootballonthesportsgroundnow.
A.didn'tsnowB.hasn'tsnowedC.hadn'tsnowedD.weren'tsnowing
9.Ifhecamehereatthismoment,I______him.
A.wouldcriticizeB.willcriticizeC.shouldcriticizeD.weretocriticize
10.Withoutsunlightorwaterorair,there______nolifeontheearth.
AwillhaveBwouldbeC.shouldbeD.mustbe
ii.在宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法
【知识梳理】
在表示一“坚持”(insist),二“命令”(order,command),三“建议”(suggest,propose,advise),四“要求”(ask,require,request,demand)等动词的宾语从句中表示虚拟,其从句谓语用“(should)十动词原形”。
注意:
1)在这些从句中,通常不省略that。
2)suggest作“暗示,表明”讲时,insist作“坚持认为”讲时,后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
记忆小贴士:
一坚持二命令,从句should来听命,三建议,四要求,“认为暗示”请放走。
【例题精讲】
1.MyunclesuggestedthatIajobinabank.
A.gotB.wouldC.shouldgetD.mustget
2.Theyinsistedthatameetingassoonaspossible.
A.beheldB.washeldC.mustbeheldD.hold
【巩固练习】
1.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews.
---Iwouldassoonyou_____heraboutit.
A.didn’ttellB.don’ttellC.hadn’ttellD.won’ttell
2.Sheinsistedthatshe______illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn'tbelieve.
A.hadn'tspokenB.shouldn'tspeakC.wouldn'tspeakD.notspeak
3.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe______toyourplan.
A.didn'tagreeBhadn'tagreedC.wouldn'tagreeD.shouldn'tagree
4.I______tostaythereforonemoreweek,butIchangedmymind.
A.hopedB.hadhopedC.washopingD.wouldhavehoped
5.“I’vetoldeveryoneaboutit.”“Oh,I’dratheryou_____.”
A.don’t B.hadn’tC.couldn’t D.wouldn’t
iii.虚拟语气用于同位语从句和表语从句中
【知识梳理】
在表示建议、要求、命令、遗憾、主张、怀疑、惊奇等词的同位语从句中和表语从句中,从句谓语用“should+动词原形”。
常见的这类名词有suggestion,order,advice,idea,plan,pity,proposal等。
常见的这类形容词有necessary,essential,strange,natural,urgent,funny,important等。
以动词的过去分词充当的这类形容词有suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,decided,recommended等。
*在It'(high)timethat..句式中,用过去式或shoulddo表示;should不能省略。
【例题精讲】
1.Itisessentialthateverychildthesameeducationalopportunities.
A.hasB.couldhaveC.haveD.had
2.Itistheteacher'ssuggestionthateverystudentanEnglishdictionary.
A.hasB.haveC.hadD.having
【巩固练习】
1.TheworkersareworkinghardtomeettherequestthattherailwaytotrafficonMay1.
A.isopenB.willbeopenC.beopenD.mustopen
2.It'snecessarythatastudentEnglishwell.
A.learnsB.learnC.mustlearnD.learned
3.TheteachermadeasuggestionthatstudentsmoreopportunitiestopractiseoralEnglish.
A.weregivenB.hadbeengivenC.shouldgiveD.begiven
4.It'snecessarythatthestudentstakenotesinclass.
A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.areto
5.WeareallforMary'ssuggestionthatthediscussion.
A.isputoffB.putsoffC.tobeputoffD.beputoff
6.Hegaveordersthattheprisonersfree.
A.aresetB.weresetC.setD.beset
7.Ithinkit'shightimeyouaction.
A.takeB.tookC.aretakingD.willtake
(提高题)
翻译:
1.真奇怪她竟看不到自己的缺点。
(strange)
2.你起先记不住它是很自然的。
(natural)
3.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。
(insist)
4.工人们的要求是工资增加百分之十。
(demand)
5.正是开会的时间了。
(time)
.
iv.wish从句中的虚拟语气
【知识梳理】
wishthat…haddone表过去
did/were表现在
weredoing表现在正在进行
wereto/should/could/might/would+do表将来
【例题精讲】
1.“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?
”
“No,butIwishI_______”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
2.IwishI_____atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.[北京高考题]
A.willbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
3.Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI_______aswellasher.[陕西高考题]
A.danceB.will
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