超详细中英图文对照汽车技术解析+机械专业英语词汇.docx
- 文档编号:7537087
- 上传时间:2023-05-11
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:133
- 大小:399.86KB
超详细中英图文对照汽车技术解析+机械专业英语词汇.docx
《超详细中英图文对照汽车技术解析+机械专业英语词汇.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《超详细中英图文对照汽车技术解析+机械专业英语词汇.docx(133页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
超详细中英图文对照汽车技术解析+机械专业英语词汇
超详细中英图文对照汽车技术解析+机械专业英语词汇
CHAPTER1AUTOMOTIVEBASICS
1.1 PrincipalComponents主要构成零部件
Today'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:
engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment.现在,一般汽车由大约一万五千多个独立的零部件组成。
这些部件分为四大类,即发动机(引擎系统),车身,底盘和电气设备。
1.2 Engine发动机/引擎系统
Theengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:
thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesof
byachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.
电气设备为汽车点火、喇叭、车灯、发热器和启动器提供电力。
通过循环充电来维持电量。
NewWords
Principalcomponent 主要部件
category 种类,类型
body 车身
chassis 底盘
layout 布置
powerunit 动力装置
internalcombustionengine 内燃机
cylinder 汽缸
gasoline 汽油
spark 火花
ignition 点燃,点火
diesel 柴油机
compression 压缩
shaft 轴
transmission 传动系
sheetmetal 金属板
shell 外壳
hood (发动机)罩
trunkdeck 行李舱盖
cargo 货物
styling 样式
assembly 总成,装配
suspension 悬挂,悬置
shock 冲击
steering 转向,操纵
brake 刹车,制动器
clutch 离合器
gearbox 变速器
driveshaft 传动轴
finaldrive 主减速器,后桥
differential 差速器
slowdown (使)慢下来,减速
horn 喇叭
starter 起动机
charge 充电
alternator 交流发电机
ReviewQuestions
1.Listthemainpartsofanautomobile?
2.Whatarethecommontypesofavehicleaccordingtobodystyling?
3.Whichsystemsdoesachassisincludeandwhatarethemainfunctionsofthechassis?
4.Whyaresuspensionsystemsusedonvehicles?
CHAPTER2INTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE内燃发动机
2.1principleofoperation发动机的工作原理/操作原理
2.1.1Engineandpower发动机与能量
Engineisusedtoproducepower.
发动机产生动能。
Thechemicalenergyinfuelisconvertedtoheatbytheburningofthefuelatacontrolledrate.Thisprocessiscalledcombustion.Ifenginecombustionoccurswiththepowerchamber,theengineiscalledinternalcombustionengine.Ifcombustiontakesplaceoutsidethecylinder,theengineiscalledanexternalcombustionengine.汽油燃料通过受控速度的燃烧讲自身的化学能转化为热能。
这个过程称作燃烧。
如果发动机的内燃在燃料室中发上,发动机被称作内燃发动机。
如果内燃发生在汽缸外,发动机则被称作外燃发动机。
Engineusedinautomobilesareinternalcombustionheatengines.汽车的发动机是内燃发动机。
Heatenergyreleasedinthecombustionchamberraisesthetemperatureofthecombustiongaseswiththechamber.Theincreaseingastemperaturecausesthepressureofthegasestoincrease.Thepressuredevelopedwithinthecombustionchamberisappliedtotheheadofapistontoproduceausablemechanicalforce,whichisthenconvertedintousefulmechanicalpower.燃烧汽缸中释放的热能将汽缸内的内燃其他温度升高。
气体温度的升高导致其他压强增大。
汽缸内的压强不断产生以用于活塞头产生可用的机械动力,随后转变成为有用的机械动能。
2.1.2EngineTerms发动机术语
Linkingthepistonbyaconnectingrodtoacrankshaftcausesthegastorotatetheshaftthroughhalfaturn.
连动杆将汽缸活塞与机轴联接起来,这种连接促使气体
Thepowerstroke“usesup”thegas,someansmustbeprovidedtoexpeltheburntgasandrechargethecylinderwithafreshpetrol-airmixture:
thiscontrolofgasmovementisthedutyofthevalves;aninletvalveallowsthenewmixturetoenterattherighttimeandanexhaustvalveletsouttheburntgasafterthegashasdoneitsjob.Enginetermsare:
TDC(TopDeadCenter):
thepositionofthecrankandpistonwhenthepistonisfartherawayfromthecrankshaft.上止点
BDC(BottomDeadCenter):
thepositionofthecrankandpistonwhenthepistonisnearesttothecrankshaft.下止点
Stroke:
thedistancebetweenBDCandTDC;strokeiscontrolledbythecrankshaft.冲程
Bore:
theinternaldiameterofthecylinder.内孔(汽缸的内直径)
Sweptvolume:
thevolumebetweenTDCandBDC.活塞排量
Enginecapacity:
thisisthesweptvolumeofallthecylindere.g.afour-strokehavingacapacityoftwoliters(2000cm)hasacylindersweptvolumeof50cm.发动机容积
Clearancevolume:
thevolumeofthespaceabovethepistonwhenitisatTDC.汽缸余隙容积
Compressionratio=(sweptvol+clearancevol)\(clearancevol)压缩率
Two-stroke:
apowerstrokeeveryrevolutionofthecrank.二冲程–曲柄旋转一圈作功一次。
Four-stroke:
apowerstrokeeveryotherrevolutionofthecrank.四冲程-曲柄旋转两圈作功一次。
2.1.3TheFour-strokeSpark-ignitionEngineCycle
Thespark-ignitionengineisaninternal-combustionenginewithexternallysuppliedinignition,whichconvertstheenergycontainedinthefueltokineticenergy.
Thecycleofoperationsisspreadoverfourpistonstrokes.Tocompletethefullcycleittakestworevolutionsofthecrankshaft.
Theoperatingstrokesare:
Thisstrokeintroducesamixtureofatomizedgasolineandairintothecylinder.Thestrokestartswhenthepistonmovesdownwardfromapositionnearthetopofthecylinder.Asthepistonmovesdownward,avacuum,orlow-pressurearea,iscreated.
Duringtheintakestroke,oneoftheportsisopenedbymovingtheinletvalve.Theexhaustvalveremainstightlyclosed.
Compressionstroke
Asthepistonmovesupwardtocompressthefuelmixturetrappedinthecylinder,thevalvesareclosedtightly.Thiscompressionactionheatstheair/fuelmixtureslightlyandconfinesitwithinasmallareacalledthecombustionchamber.
Powerstroke
Justbeforethepistonreachesthetopofitscompressionstroke,anelectricalsparkisintroducedfromasparkplugscrewedintothecylinderhead.
Thesparkignitesthecompressed,heatedmixtureoffuelandairinthecombustionchambertocauserapidburning.Theburningfuelproducesintenseheatthatcausesrapidexpansionofthegasescompressedwithinthecylinder.Thispressureforcesthepistondownward.Thedownwardstroketurnsthecrankshaftwithgreatforce.
Exhauststroke
Justbeforethebottomofthepowerstroke,theexhaustvalveopens.Thisallowsthepiston,asitmovesupward,topushthehot,burnedgasesoutthroughtheopenexhaustvalve.
Then,justbeforethepistonreachesitshighestpoint,theexhaustvalveclosesandtheinletvalveopens.Asthepistonreachesthehighestpointinthecylinder,knownasTDC,itstartsbackdownagain.Thus,onecycleendsandanotherbeginsimmediately.
2.1.4EngineOverallMechanics
Theenginehashundredsofotherparts.Themajorpartsofengineareengineblock,engineheads,pistons,connectingrods,crankshaftandvalves.Theotherpartsarejoinedtomakesystems.Thesesystemsarethefuelsystem,intakesystem,ignitionsystem,coolingsystem,lubricationsystemandexhaustsystem.Eachofthesesystemshasadefinitefunction.Thesesystemswilldiscussedindetaillater.
NEWWORD
Piston活塞
Connectingrod连杆
Crankshaft曲轴
Powerstoke活塞行程
Expel排出
Valve气阀
inlet(intake)valve进气阀
exhaustvalve排气阀
term术语
TDC上止点
BDC下止点
Bore缸径
sweptvolume有效容积
enginecapacity发动机排量
clearancevolume余隙容积,燃烧室容积
compressionratio压缩比
revolution旋转,转数
everyother每隔一个
cycle循环
spreadover分布,遍及
intakestroke进气行程
compressionstroke压缩行程
knock敲缸,敲打
exhauststroke排气行程
engineblock发动机缸体
lubrication润滑
2.2EngineBlockandCylinderHead
2.2.1 EngineBlock
Theengineblockisthebasicframeoftheengine.Allotherenginepartseitherfitinsideitorfastentoit.Itholdsthecylinders,waterjackets,andoilgalleries.Theengineblockalsoholdsthecrankshaft,whichfastenstothebottomoftheblock.Thecamshaftalsofitsinsidetheblock,exceptonoverhead-camengines(OHC).Inmostcars,thisblockismadeofgrayiron,oranalloy(mixture)ofgrayironandothermetals,suchasnickelorchromium.Engineblocksarecastings.
Someengineblocks,especiallythoseinsmallercars,aremadeofcastaluminum.Thismetalismuchlighterthaniron.However,ironwearsbetterthanaluminum.Therefore,thecylindersinmostaluminumenginesarelinedwithironorsteelsleeves.Thesesleevesarecalledcylindersleeves.Someengineblocksaremadeentirelyofaluminum.
2.2.2 CylinderHead
Thecylinderheadfastenstothetopoftheblock,justasarooffitsoverahouse.Theundersideformsthecombustionchamberwiththetopofthepiston.Themostcommoncylinderheadtypesarethehemi,wedge,andsemi-hemi.Allthreeofthesetermsrefertotheshapeoftheengine'scombustionchamber.Thecylinderheadcarriesthevalves,valvespringsandtherockersontherockershaft,thispartofthevalvegearbeingworkedbythepush-rods.Sometimesthecamshaftisfitteddirectlyintothecylinderheadandoperatesonthevalveswithoutrockers.Thisiscalledanoverheadcamshaftarrangement.Likethecylinderblock,theheadismadefromeithercastironoraluminumalloy.
2.2.3 Gasket
Thecylinderheadisattachedtotheblockwithhigh-tensilesteelstuds.Thejointbetweentheblockandtheheadmustbegas-tightsothatnoneoftheburningmixturecanescape.Thisisachievedbyusingcylinderheadgasket.Thisisasandwichgasket,i.e.asheetofasbestosbetweentwosheetsofcopper,boththesematerialsbeingabletowithstandthehightemperatureandpressureswithintheengine.
2.2.4 OilPanorSump
Theoilpanisusuallyformedofpressedsteel.Theoilpanandthelowerpartofthecylinderblocktogetherarecalledthecrankcase;theyenclose,orencase,thecrankshaft.Theoilpumpinthelubricatingsystemdrawsoilfromtheoilpanandsendsittoallworkingpartsintheengine.Theoildrainsoffandrunsdownintothepan.Thus,thereisconstantcirculationofoilbetweenthepanandtheworkingpartsoftheengine.
NewWords
engineblock 缸体
cylinderhead 气缸盖
fasten 使固定
waterjacket 水套
oilgallery 油道
camshaft 凸轮轴
overhead-cam(OHC) 顶置凸轮
grayiron 灰铸铁
alloy 合金
nickel 镍
chromium 铬
casting 铸件
headcover 汽缸盖罩
intakemanifold 进气总管
distributor 分电器
oilpan 油底壳
al
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 详细 图文 对照 汽车技术 解析 机械 专业 英语词汇
![提示](https://static.bingdoc.com/images/bang_tan.gif)