英语专业八级TEM答题卡样卡WORD版Word格式文档下载.docx
- 文档编号:7692203
- 上传时间:2023-05-08
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:6.36MB
英语专业八级TEM答题卡样卡WORD版Word格式文档下载.docx
《英语专业八级TEM答题卡样卡WORD版Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语专业八级TEM答题卡样卡WORD版Word格式文档下载.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
a:
3:
{i:
0;s:
15416:
"@#@大学英语四级语法精要@#@一、动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)@#@
(一)时态@#@1、主动形式@#@过去@#@现在@#@将来@#@过去将来@#@一般@#@did@#@do@#@will/shalldo@#@should/woulddo@#@进行@#@was/weredoing@#@am/is/aredoing@#@will/shallbedoing@#@/@#@完成@#@haddone@#@have/hasdone@#@will/shallhavedone@#@should/wouldhavedone用于虚拟语气@#@完成进行@#@hadbeendoing@#@have/hasbeendoing@#@/@#@/@#@2、被动形式@#@过去@#@现在@#@将来@#@过去将来@#@一般@#@was/weregiven@#@am/is/aregiven@#@Will/shallbegiven@#@should/wouldbegiven@#@进行@#@was/werebeinggiven@#@am/is/arebeinggiven@#@/@#@/@#@完成@#@was/werebeinggiven@#@am/is/arebeinggiven@#@/@#@/@#@完成进行@#@/@#@/@#@/@#@/@#@·@#@CET-4常考的三种时态:
@#@过去完成时;@#@将来完成时;@#@(现在/过去)完成进行时。
@#@@#@·@#@时间状语从句当中的时态:
@#@@#@ 一般过去时 所有的过去@#@用 一般现在时 表示现在和将来@#@ 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成@#@3、现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):
@#@动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.@#@·@#@I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.I’vebeensittinginthegarden.@#@4、过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):
@#@过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作@#@·@#@Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.@#@5、将来完成进行时:
@#@将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.@#@·@#@Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.@#@6、将来完成时(由shall/willhave+过去分词构成):
@#@将来某时会业已发生的事.@#@·@#@Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.@#@They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbytheendofOctober.@#@
(二)语态@#@1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
@#@@#@·@#@Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.@#@Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.@#@·@#@能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有:
@#@assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。
@#@@#@·@#@Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.@#@2、担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义。
@#@@#@·@#@Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?
@#@Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制)@#@3、双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态@#@1)双宾语结构的被动语态:
@#@双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语。
@#@@#@·@#@Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.@#@Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.@#@2)宾补结构的被动语态:
@#@@#@·@#@ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.@#@4、短语动词@#@1)Vi.+adv.:
@#@Theplanetookofftwohourslate.@#@2)Vi.+prep.:
@#@TheylookedroundtheCathedral.@#@3)Vi.+prep.(有被动语态):
@#@She’slookingafterhersister’schildren.@#@4)Vi.+adv.+prep.:
@#@Ibegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.@#@5)Vt.+O+adv.:
@#@Somewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.@#@Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.@#@6)Vt.+adv.+O(无被动语态):
@#@Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.@#@7)Vt.+O+prep.:
@#@WetalkedDonaldintoagreement.@#@(三)省略@#@1、在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略:
@#@在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是itb),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.@#@1)Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.@#@Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.@#@Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.@#@Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.@#@Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.@#@Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.@#@2)IfnecessaryI’llhavetheletterduplicated.@#@Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.@#@2、在以thana)或asb)引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.@#@1)Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.@#@Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.@#@2)Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).@#@Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.@#@Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.@#@Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.@#@3、错误的省略@#@1)HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.@#@2)Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.@#@(四)一致@#@1、主谓一致(与插入语无关) @#@@#@1)主谓的分隔原则:
@#@主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。
@#@ @#@@#@2)定语从句中的主谓一致@#@3)随前一致:
@#@ @#@@#@n. @#@+ @#@together @#@with;@#@as @#@well @#@as;@#@including;@#@along @#@with;@#@with @#@/ @#@of;@#@accompanied @#@with @#@/ @#@by @#@@#@4)就近原则@#@5)如果主语表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。
@#@@#@·@#@Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourcountry.@#@·@#@Theheadmasterandmathematicalteacheriscoming.@#@·@#@Theheadmasterandthemathematicalteacherarecoming.@#@·@#@类似的还有:
@#@law @#@and @#@order;@#@bread @#@and;@#@butter black @#@and @#@white;@#@To @#@love @#@and @#@to @#@be @#@loved @#@is @#@…;@#@A @#@lawyer @#@and @#@a @#@teacher @#@are…;@#@A @#@lawyer @#@and @#@teacher @#@is @#@…@#@6)随后原则:
@#@not @#@A @#@but @#@B @#@/ @#@not @#@only @#@A @#@but @#@also @#@B+v.(与B一致) @#@@#@7)百分比结构:
@#@most,half,rest,some,majority,one+persent;@#@of+n1+v.(由n1决定)@#@8)倒装结构的主谓一致:
@#@ @#@@#@·@#@There @#@be @#@+n 由名词决定动词 @#@@#@·@#@Among @#@, @#@between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:
@#@Among @#@/ @#@Between @#@…+系动词+n. @#@(由名词决定动词) @#@@#@9)The+adj.的主谓一致:
@#@ @#@@#@·@#@当表示“一类人” @#@@#@·@#@当表示某一抽象概念时。
@#@例:
@#@The @#@good @#@is @#@always @#@attractive. @#@@#@10)To @#@do/doing/主从+vs.例:
@#@More @#@than @#@one+n.;@#@many @#@a @#@+n.;@#@a @#@day @#@or @#@two @#@ @#@@#@2、如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.@#@·@#@Terry,alongwithherfriend,goesskatingeverySaturday.@#@Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.@#@Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,wasdisappointedintheteam.@#@3、代词作主语时一致@#@1)each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词,作单数看待.@#@·@#@Eachofushassomethingtosay.Iseverybodyready?
@#@Somebodyisusingthephone.@#@2)some,few,both,many等作复数@#@3)some可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一。
@#@none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念,但none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:
@#@@#@·@#@Noneofthebooksareeasyenoughforus.Noneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.@#@None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid.Noneofthisworriesme.@#@4)all和most可后接复数,也可接不可数名词(allofthe…,mostofthe…),动词用单数.@#@4、由and或both…and连接名词词组时,后用复数;@#@由notonly…but(also),either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致.@#@1)Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwritinghasbeenchanged.@#@Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.@#@NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.@#@2)如果一个句子是由there或here引导,而主语又不止一个,谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致.@#@·@#@Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix.@#@Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.@#@5、people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽),militia(民兵)等通常都用作复数.@#@1)Cattlearegrazingonthepasture.@#@Thepolicearelookingforhim.@#@2)有些集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据意思来决定.@#@·@#@Hisfamilyisn’tverylarge.@#@Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.@#@Theaudiencewasenormous.@#@Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.@#@3)有些名词单复数同形,可根据意思决定谓语动词的数:
@#@@#@·@#@Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth.@#@Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth.@#@Thisspeciesisnowextinct.@#@Thesespeciesarenowextinct.@#@6、表示时间,重量,长度,价值等的名词,尽管仍是复数形式,如果作整体看待,动词也可用单数形式(当然用复数动词也是可以的):
@#@@#@·@#@Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.@#@Onehundredliwascoveredinasinglenight.@#@7、其他问题@#@1)书名,国家名用单数:
@#@@#@·@#@TalesfromShakespeareisabookbyCharlesLamb.@#@2)学科名,如mathematics,economics用单数.@#@3)manya或morethanone所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式:
@#@@#@·@#@Manyapersonhashadthatkindofexperience.@#@Morethanonepersonhasinvolvedinthecase.@#@4)anumberof后接复数,thenumberof后接单数:
@#@@#@·@#@Anumberofbookshavebeenpublishedonthesubject.@#@Thenumberofbookspublishedonthesubjectissimplyamazing.@#@5)oneofthose后用单数.在“oneof+复数名词+关系分句”结构中,关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式,一是根据先行词采用复数形式:
@#@@#@·@#@Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutoftheirwaytobehelpful.@#@6)当one之前与theonly等限定词和修饰语时,关系分句谓语动词根据one而定,即采用单数形式:
@#@@#@·@#@Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.@#@二、非谓语动词@#@
(一)不定式@#@1、形式@#@主动形式@#@被动形式@#@一般式@#@todo@#@tobedone@#@完成式@#@tohavedone@#@tohavebeendone@#@进行式@#@tobedoing@#@完成进行式@#@tohavebeendoing@#@1)完成式:
@#@不定式的一般形式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或是在它之后发生.假如不定式所表示的动作,在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生,就要用不定式的完成式.@#@·@#@Iamgladtohaveseenyourmother(=IamgladIhaveseenyourmother).@#@(比较:
@#@Iamgladtoseeyou.)@#@Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.@#@Hepretendednottohaveseenme.@#@2)进行式:
@#@如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用不定式的进行式.@#@·@#@Youarenotsupposedtobeworking.Youhaven’tquiterecoveredyet.@#@Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.@#@Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.@#@3)完成进行式:
@#@在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作,就要用不定式的完成进行式.@#@·@#@Thestrugglewasknowntohavebeengoingfortwentyyears.@#@Wearehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.@#@4)被动式:
@#@当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式.@#@·@#@Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.Shehatedtobeflattered.@#@Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Thisisboundtobefoundout.@#@Therearealotofthingstobedone.Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.@#@2、不定式的常考形式:
@#@@#@1)一般形式:
@#@Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers.@#@被动形式:
@#@Hepreferredtobeassignedsomeheavierworktodo.@#@语法功能:
@#@表示与谓语动词同步发生@#@2)完成形式:
@#@Hepretendednottohaveseenme.@#@被动形式:
@#@Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.@#@语法功能:
@#@表示发生在谓语动词之前@#@3、不定式常考的考点:
@#@@#@1)不定式做定语----将要发生@#@2)不定式做状语----目的@#@3)不定式充当名词功能---Toseeistobelieve.@#@4、不定式的省略@#@1)感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性,真实性;@#@+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性@#@ Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
@#@(强调"@#@我看见了"@#@这个事实)@#@ Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
@#@(强调动作)@#@2)感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:
@#@Thecaketastesgood;@#@Itfeelscomfortable.@#@3)使役动词:
@#@havebidmakelet等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to@#@I’dliketohaveJohndoit.Ihavemypackageweighed.@#@4)help;@#@helpsbdo;@#@helpsbtodo;@#@helpdohelptodo@#@5、有些动词后只跟不定式如:
@#@@#@want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect,allowsb.todo,causesb.todo,permitsb.todo,enablesb.todo,forcesb.todo,bemorelikelytodo,lovetodo,warnsb.todo,beabletodo,beambitioustodo,begintodo,starttodo@#@6、有的时候to后面要接-ing形式@#@accustom(oneself)to,beaccustomedto,faceupto,inadditionto,lookforwardto,objectto,bereducedto,resignoneselfto,beresignedto,resortto,sinkto,beusedto,bealternativeto,beclose/closenessto,bededication/dedicatedto,beopposition/opposedto,besimilarity/similarto.@#@7、功用:
@#@不定式可以作主语(a),宾语(b),表语(c),定语(d)或是状语(e).@#@a.Toscoldherwouldnotbejust.";i:
1;s:
5877:
"常用程度和语句副词:
@#@@#@常用的程度副词包括:
@#@@#@absolutely,almost,awfully,completely,considerably,deeply,entirely,exactly,extremely,fairly,greatly,hardly,immensely,increasingly,moreandmore,much,nearly,partly,perfectly,profoundly,quite,rather,scarcely,slightly,somehow,somewhat,thoroughly,tosomeextent,utterly,very.@#@常用语句副词包括:
@#@@#@Actually,admittedly,certainly,clearly,definitely,evidently,fortunately,frankly,honestly,luckly,more@#@importantly,naturely,surprisingly,obviously,perhaps,preferably,probably,possible,strangely,superficially,surely,technically,theoretically,undeniably,unexpectedly,unfortunately.@#@常用逻辑连接词:
@#@@#@1.因果关系:
@#@…andso…;@#@anotherimportantfactor/reason…;@#@asaconsequence;@#@asaresult;@#@as;@#@because;@#@becauseof;@#@beingthat;@#@consequently;@#@dueto;@#@forthereasonthat;@#@forthesamereason;@#@for;@#@hence;@#@forthisreason;@#@inconsequence;@#@inthat…;@#@inviewof;@#@owingto;@#@since;@#@so;@#@…sothat…;@#@thereasonseemsobvious;@#@thereareabout…;@#@therefore;@#@thus;@#@obviously;@#@evidently@#@2.并列关系:
@#@and;@#@also;@#@aswellas;@#@both…and…;@#@either…or…;@#@neither…nor…;@#@notonly…butalso;@#@inthesameway;@#@too@#@3.序列关系:
@#@first…,second…,third,andsoforth;@#@A…,B…,C…,andsoforth;@#@next;@#@andthen;@#@followingthis;@#@atthesametime;@#@now;@#@atthispoint;@#@after;@#@afterwards;@#@subsequently;@#@finally;@#@previously;@#@beforethis;@#@simultaneously;@#@concurrently;@#@thus;@#@therefore;@#@hence;@#@soon@#@4.递进关系:
@#@accordingly;@#@asapopularsayinggoes…;@#@asfaras…isconcerned;@#@atthesametime;@#@besides;@#@even;@#@further;@#@furthermore;@#@inaddition;@#@inorderto…;@#@inotherwords;@#@inthefirstplace…,inthesecondplace;@#@inthisway;@#@meanwhile;@#@moreover;@#@notonly…,butalso…;@#@not…but…;@#@lastly;@#@foronething…,foranother@#@5.时间关系:
@#@afterwards;@#@again,also,andthen,assoonas;@#@atleast;@#@before;@#@besides,eventually;@#@every;@#@first;@#@firstofall;@#@firstandforemost;@#@forastart;@#@meanwhile;@#@inthemeantime;@#@while;@#@now;@#@next;@#@not…until;@#@later;@#@formerly;@#@previously;@#@priorto;@#@sincethen;@#@since;@#@subsequently;@#@simultaneously,since,sofar,soon,till;@#@tobeginwith;@#@tostartwith;@#@when;@#@then,until,untilnow,when@#@6.转折关系;@#@yet;@#@but;@#@unless;@#@despitethat;@#@inspiteof;@#@though;@#@although;@#@althoughthismaybetrue;@#@evenso;@#@eventhough;@#@however;@#@sometimes;@#@onceinawhile;@#@independentof;@#@recklessof;@#@regardlessof@#@7.条件关系:
@#@aslongas;@#@evenif;@#@eventhough;@#@ifitnecessary;@#@ifnotall;@#@ifpossible;@#@ifso;@#@if;@#@lest;@#@once;@#@providedthat;@#@unless@#@8.重复关系;@#@inbrief;@#@asIhavesaid;@#@asIhavenoted;@#@ashasbeennoted;@#@asismentionedabove,thatistosay,insimplerwords,inotherwords,toputitinanotherway,toputthepointanotherway@#@9.比较关系(Comparison):
@#@apartfrom;@#@bythesametoken;@#@comparedwith;@#@incomparisonwith;@#@inthesamevein;@#@inthesameway,like;@#@likewise;@#@ratherthan;@#@similarly;@#@similarlyimportant;@#@equally;@#@whencomparedwith;@#@wheninfact…,also,inthesameway,@#@10.举例关系(ExampleorIllustration);@#@afterall,asanillustration,agoodexamplewouldbe;@#@even,forexample;@#@forinstance;@#@inthiscase;@#@inanothercase;@#@onthisoccasion;@#@inthissituation;@#@indeed,infact,inotherwords,itistrue,namely,specifically,thatis,thus,takethecaseof;@#@todemonstrate;@#@toillustrate;@#@accordingto;@#@asanillustration;@#@asfor;@#@asregards;@#@asto;@#@inparticular;@#@including;@#@namely;@#@notably;@#@suchas;@#@like;@#@take…asanexample;@#@youmaysay@#@11.对比关系(Contrast):
@#@although,andyet,atthesametime,afterall;@#@asopposedto;@#@butatthesametime,balancedagainst;@#@conversely;@#@ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…;@#@contraryto;@#@converselyunlike;@#@despitethat,differentfromthis;@#@forallthat,however;@#@evenso,eventhough,incontrast;@#@inspiteof,instead,nevertheless;@#@notwithstanding,ontheotherhand,otherwise,onthecontrary;@#@opposeto;@#@regardless,still,though,whereas;@#@while,upagainst;@#@visavis;@#@where;@#@yet@#@12.强调关系:
@#@definitely;@#@extremely;@#@obviously;@#@absolutely;@#@positively;@#@naturally;@#@surprisingly;@#@always;@#@forever;@#@perennially;@#@eternally;@#@emphatically;@#@never;@#@unquestionably;@#@withoutadoubt;@#@certainly;@#@surely;@#@undeniably;@#@withoutreservation;@#@believeitornot;@#@especially;@#@particularly;@#@inparticular;@#@specifically;@#@infact;@#@asamatteroffact;@#@actually;@#@indeed;@#@moreover;@#@nottomention…;@#@whatismoreimportant;@#@notably;@#@thatis@#@13.总结关系;@#@allinall,ashasbeensaid,accordingly;@#@altogether;@#@asaresult;@#@consequently;@#@finally,hence;@#@inoneword;@#@inbrief;@#@inshort;@#@inotherwords;@#@insummary;@#@onthewhole;@#@inconclusion;@#@overall;@#@theconclusioncanbesafelydrawnthat…;@#@therefore;@#@toconclude;@#@tosumup;@#@toputitdifferently,tosummarize,summingup;@#@asIhaveshown;@#@asIhavesaid;@#@hence;@#@allinall@#@14.补充关系(Addition):
@#@again,also,and,andthen,besides,equallyimportant,finally,first,further,furthermore,inaddition@#@15.让步关系(Concession):
@#@granted,naturally,ofcourse@#@4@#@";i:
2;s:
3:
"@#@";}
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语专业 TEM 答题 卡样卡 WORD