剑桥雅思 5 高频词汇及例句文档格式.docx
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剑桥雅思 5 高频词汇及例句文档格式.docx
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definevt.下定义definitionn.
explainvt.解释definitionn.
4.Hedidnotexpecttoachievecompleteoriginality.
achievevt.完成,成就achievementn.
accomplishvt.accomplishmentn.;
completevt.completionn.
originalityn.原创,原始,originaladj起初的originatevi.起源于originatein
initialadjinitiatevi.
→aboriginaladj.原始的,本土的土著的
native/local/indigenousadj.
5.Unlikehispredecessors,JohnsontreatedEnglishverypractically,asalivinglanguage,withmanydifferentshadesofmeaning.
predecessorn.前任
precedentn.先例
→反:
successorn.继承者
shaden.联想,层次
subtletyn.细微,精细subtleadj.;
phrasen.
6.AftermanyvicissitudestheDictionarywasfinallypublishedon15April1775.ItwasinstantlyrecognizedasalandmarkthroughoutEurope.
publishvt.出版,发行
releasevt;
issuevt.
berecognizedas被认为…recognize…as…把…认为…
describe/characterize/define…as…
7.“Thisnoblebook,”wrotetheleadingItalianlexicographer,“willbeaperpetualmonumentofFametotheAuthorinparticular,andbenefittotherepublicofLettersthroughoutEurope.”
perpetualadj.永久的
permanentadj.永恒的→反:
temporary/oddadj.临时的
benefitn.益处,好处benefit(vt.)from…从…中获益beneficialadj.有益的
profitn.利益,利润profitableadj.exploitativeadj.
8.Forallitsfaultsandeccentricitieshistwo-volumeworkisamasterpieceandalandmark,inhisownwords,‘settingtheorthography,displayingtheanalogy,regulatingthestructures,andascertainingthesignificancesofEnglishwords.’
analogyn.相似,类比analogousadj.类比的,相似的
similarityn相似similaradj.besimilarto…
→assimilatevt.使…同化
dissimilaradj.不相似的
significancen.重大意思,重要性significantadj.
importancen.
9.ItisthecornerstoneofStandardEnglish,anachievementwhich,inJamesBoswell’swords,“conferredstabilityonthelanguageofhiscountry”.
achievementn.成就
accomplishmentn.;
contributionn.贡献
stabilityadj.稳定,稳固stableadj.稳定的unstableadj.不稳固的
evenadj.平稳的firmadj.牢固的
10.TheDictionary,togetherwithhisotherwriting,madeJohnsonfamousandsowellesteemedthathisfriendswereabletoprevailuponKingGeorgeⅢtoofferhimapension.
esteemn.尊重self-esteem
respectn.&
vt.respectableadj.体面的;
respectiveadj.各自的
prevailvi.流行,盛行prevalencen.盛行
popularizevt.流行popularityn.
Passage2.Natureornurture
1.StanleyMilgramofYaleUniversitytested40subjectsfromallwalksoflifefortheirwillingnesstoobeyinstructionsgivenbya‘leader’inasituationinwhichthesubjectsmightfeelapersonaldistastefortheactionstheywerecalledupontoperform.
willingnessn.乐意,愿意willingadj.乐意的willn.意志力
volunteern.志愿者voluntaryadj.志愿的
obeyvt.遵从,遵守obediencen.
abideby
performvt.表演,扮演performancen.
2.Specifically,Milgramtoldeachvolunteer‘teacher-subject’thattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducation,andwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupil’sabilitytolearn.
causen.事业vt.引起,造成
createvt.引起;
posevt.引起;
triggervt.触发;
wreckvt.引起
effectn.作用,效果affectvt.影响
impactn.冲击,影响;
influencen.&
vt.影响
3.Thesupposed‘pupil’wasinrealityanactorhiredbyMilgramtostimulatereceivingtheshocksbyemittingaspectrumofgroans,screamsandwritingstogetherwithanassortmentofstatementsandexpletivesdenouncingboththeexperimentandtheexperimenter.
stimulatevt.刺激,激发stimulusn.stimulationn.
inspirevt.鼓励,激发;
activatevt.促使,激发
emitvt.发出,放射
dischargevt.发出,卸载giveout
denouncevt.谴责,斥责,告发
announcevt.宣布proclaimvt.宣告,公布,声明
assortmentn.分类
classificationn.categoryn.form.
4.Milgramtoldtheteacher-subjecttoignorethereactionsofthepupil,andtoadministerwhateverlevelofshockwascalledfor,aspertherulegoverningtheexperimentalsituationofthemoment.
ignorevt.忽视ignorantadj.无知的
regardlessadj.忽视的regardlessadj.不顾
reactionn.反应reactvi.反应reactto
responsen.反应;
respondvi.
governv.控制,操纵
controlvt.控制;
takecharge(of)
situationn.环境
circumstancen.;
conditionn.(常用复)
5.Astheexperimentunfolded,thepupilwoulddeliberatelygivethewronganswerstoquestionsposedbyteacher,therebybringingonvariouselectricalpunishments,evenuptothedangerlevelof300voltsandbeyond.
unfoldvt.揭示
discovervt.发现,显露unravelvt.揭开
deliberatelyadv.故意地deliberateadj.故意的
purposelyadv.蓄意地;
intentionallyadv.
posevt.引起,造成
cause/create/trigger/resultin/leadto/contributeto
6.Theoverwhelmingconsensuswasthatvirtuallyalltheteachers-subjectswouldrefusetoobeytheexperimenter.
overwhelmingadj.压倒一切的,无法抗拒的overwhelmvt.压倒,浸没
irresistibleadj.无法抗拒的
consensusn.一致意见
agreement
refusevt.拒绝refusionn.
rejectvt.rejectionn.
7.Thepsychiatristsfeltthat‘mostsubjectswouldnotgobeyond150volts’andtheyfurtheranticipatedthatonlyfourpercentwouldgoupto300volts.
anticipatevt.期待,预料anticipationn.
expectvt.期待;
predictvt.预测,预料
8.Howcamwepossiblyaccountforthisvastdiscrepancybetweenwhatcalm,rational,knowledgepeoplepredictinthecomfortoftheirstudyandwhatpressured,flustered,butcooperative‘teachers’actuallydointhelaboratoryofreallife?
accountfor解释
explainvt.解释;
explanationn.;
illustrationn.诠释
discrepancyvt.差距,不一致
distinctionn.差别,差距
predictvt.预测,推测
forecastvi;
foreseevt.
9.One’sfirstinclinationmightbetoarguethattheremustbesomesortofbuilt-inanimalaggressioninstinctthatwasactivatedbytheexperiment,andthatMilgram’steacher-subjectswerejustfollowingageneticneedtodischargethispent-upprimalurgeontothepupilbyadministeringtheelectricalshock.
inclinationn.倾向inclinevi.倾向
tendencyn.;
pronenessn.
instinctadj.内在的
build-inadj.;
hereditaryadj.遗传的
activatevt.激发
inspirevt.激发,激励;
motivatevt.激励;
evokevt.激发
10.Analternativetothisnotionofgeneticprogrammingistoseetheteacher-subjects’actionsasaresultofthesocialenvironmentunderwhichtheexperimentwascarriedout.
alternativen.可能性中的选择
choicen.;
selectionn.;
optionn.
resultn.结果
consequencen.;
outcomen.;
outputn.结果,产量
11.Mostsubjectsintheexperimentseetheirbehaviorinalargercontextthatisbenevolentandusefultosociety-thepursuitofscientifictruth.Thepsychologicallaboratoryhasastrongclaimtolegitimacyandevokestrustandconfidenceinthosewhoperformthere.
benevolentvt.行善的,助人为乐的
beneficialadj.有益处的;
profitableadj.有利益的
pursuitn.追寻pursuevt.
searchvt.搜寻
legitimacyn.合法legitimateadj.合法的
legaladj.合法的
illegitimate/illegaladj.违法的
evokevt.激发
12.Thus,inthisexplanationthesubjectmergeshisuniquepersonalityandpersonalandmoralcodewiththatoflargerinstitutionalstructures,surrenderingindividualpropertieslikeloyalty,self-sacrificeanddisciplinetotheserviceofmalevolentsystemofauthority.
mergevt合并.
blend/mix/combinevt.使…混合,结合
surrendervi.投降,屈服
yieldvi
sacrificevt.牺牲givein
devotevt.奉献;
dedicatevt.献身;
contributevt.贡献;
donatevt.捐赠
malevolentadj.恶意的
spitefuladj.行恶的;
hatefuladj.可恨的
benevolentadj.仁慈的,行善的
13.Theproblemforbiologist,psychologistsandanthropologistsistosortoutwhichofthesetwopopularexplanationsismoreplausible.
sortout分类(phrv.)
classifyvt.;
categorizevt.使分类
explanationn.解释
accountn.诠释;
illustrationn.;
interpretationn.翻译,解释
plausibleadj.似乎正确的,有理的
believableadj.;
reasonableadj.合理的
Passage3.TheTruthabouttheEnvironment
1.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:
thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthatplanet’sairandwaterarebecomingmorepolluted.
developvi.发展,研发developmentn.
evolvevi.演变,进化evolutionn.
altervi.变化;
shiftvt.转变;
switchvi转变;
convertvt.转换
fearn.恐惧fearfuladj.
frightenvt.使恐惧;
scared/scaryadj.恐惧的
extinctadj.灭绝的dieout
endangeredadj.濒临灭绝的;
dormantadj.沉睡的
pollutevt.污染pollutionn.pollutantn.污染物质
contaminatevt.contaminationn.
nurturevt.给予营养;
nutritionn.营养;
nutrientn.营养物质
2.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebook‘TheLimitstoGrowth’waspublishedin1922byagroupofscientists.
abundantadj.丰裕充足的abundancen.词组:
anabundanceof
adequateadj.充足的;
substantialadj.相当多的;
considerableadj.
releasevt.;
issuevt.
3.Andfinally,
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