大学英语3 第8课Word文件下载.docx
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大学英语3 第8课Word文件下载.docx
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thingtodo.
Attitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesameway
thatattitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.Onceitwasthought
thatnighttimedreamsinterferedwithourneededrest.Butthenresearchers
triedinterruptingthedreamsofsleepers.Theylearnedthatsleeperswho
aren'
tallowedtodreamlosethebenefitsofrest.Theybecometenseand
anxious.Theybecomeirritable.Theyhavetroubleconcentrating.Their
mentalhealthistemporarilydamaged.Tofeelwellagain,theymustbeal-
lowedtodream.
Nowresearchersarefindingthatdaydreamingmayalsobeimportant
tomentalhealth.Daydreaming,theytellus,isagoodmeansofrelaxation.
Butitsbenefitsgobeyondthis.Anumberofpsychologistshaveconducted
experimentsandhavereachedsomesurprisingconclusions.
Dr.JoanT.Freyberghasconcludedthatdaydreamingcontributesto
intellectualgrowth.Italsoimprovesconcentration,attentionspan,andthe
abilitytogetalongwithothers,shesays.Inanexperimentwithschool
children,thissameresearcherfoundthatdaydreamingledthechildrento
paymoreattentiontodetail.Theyhadmorehappyfeelings.Theyworked
togetherbetter.Anotherresearcherreportedthatdaydreamingseemedto
produceimprovedself-controlandcreativeabilities.
Butthat'
sonlypartofthestory.Themostremarkablethingabout
daydreamingmaybeitsusefulnessinshapingourfuturelivesaswewant
themtobe.IndustrialistHenryJ.Kaiserbelievedthatmuchofhissuccess
wasduetothepositiveuseofdaydreaming.Hemaintainedthat"
youcan
imagineyourfuture."
FlorenceNightingaledreamedofbecominganurse.
TheyoungThomasEdisonpicturedhimselfasaninventor.Fortheseno-
tableachievers,itappearsthattheirdaydreamscametrue.
Dr.HarryEmersonFosdickbelievedthatthewaywepictureourselves
isoftenthewayweturnout.Heofferedthisadvice:
Holdapictureof
yourself...inyourmind'
seye,andyouwillbedrawntowardit.Picture
yourselfvividlyasdefeated,andthatalonewillmakevictoryimpossible.
Pictureyourselfaswinning,andthatwillcontributeimmeasurablytosuc-
cess.Donotpictureyourselfasanything,andyouwilldrift..."
Theexperiencesofsomeathletesseemtoconfirmthisbelief.Forin-
stance,JohnUelses,aformerpole-vaultingchampion,useddaydreaming
techniquesbeforeeachmeet.Hewouldimaginehimselfwinning.Hewould
vividlypicturehimselfclearingthebaratacertainheight.Hewouldgo
overallthedetailsinhismind.Hewouldpicturethestadiumandthe
crowds.He'
devenimaginethesmellofthegrassandtheearth.Hesaid
thatthisexerciseoftheimaginationleftmemorytracesinhismindthat
wouldlaterhelphisactualperformance.
Whywouldamentalvisionofsuccesshelpproducerealsuccess?
Dr.
MaxwellMaltz,asurgeonandauthor,saysthis:
Yournervoussystem
cannottellthedifferencebetweenanimaginedexperienceandarealexperi-
ence.Ineithercaseitreactsautomaticallytoinformationthatyougive
it...Itreactsappropriatelytowhatyouthinkorimaginetobetrue."
Hebelievesthatpurposefuldaydreamingbuildsnew"
memories"
inthe
brain.Thesepositivememoriesimproveaperson'
sself-image.Andself-
imagehasanimportanteffectonaperson'
sactionsandaccomplishments.
Canyouusepurposefuldaydreamingtoshapeyourownfuture?
Why
nottry?
Hereishowthosewhobelieveincreativedaydreamingrecommend
goingaboutit.Chooseatimewhenyoucanbealoneandundisturbed.
Closeyoureyes,topermityourimaginationtosoarmorefreely.Manypeo-
plefindthattheygetbestresultsbypretendingthattheyaresitting
beforealargescreen.Theyprojectthedesiredimageofthemselvesonto
thatscreen.
Nowpictureyourself-asvividlyaspossible-thewayyouwanttobe.
Remembertopictureyourdesiredgoalsasifyouhadalreadyattained
them.GooverallthedetailsofthispictureSeethemclearlyandsharply.Im-
pressthemstronglyonyourmemory.Theresulting,memorytraceswill
supposedlystartaffectingyoureverydaylife.Theywillhelpleadyouto
theattainmentofyourgoals.
Ofcoursedaydreamingisnosubstituteforhardwork.Ifit'
sathletic
achievementyouwant,youalsohavetogetlotsofpracticeinyoursport.
Youhavetoworkhardtodevelopskills.Ifit'
sschoolsuccessyou'
reafter,
youcan'
tneglectstudying.Daydreamingalonecan'
tturnyouintoyour
heart'
sdesire.Butincombinationwiththemoreusualmethodsofself-
development,itmightmakeacriticaldifference.Itcouldbethedifference
betweenbecomingmerelygoodatsomethingandbecomingachampion.
Ifwhatresearchersaresayingistrue,alifelivedwithoutfantasiesand
daydreamsisn'
tasrichandrewardingaslifecanbe.Sotheysuggest
settingasideafewminuteseachdayfordaydreaming.Bysodoing,you
mayimproveyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.Bytakingaten-or
fifteen-minute"
vacation"
intotherealmofimaginationeachday,you
mayaddmuchtotheexcitementandenjoymentofyourlife.And
whoknows:
Youmightseeyourowndaydreamscometrue.
Clickthebuttontolistentothepronunciationsofnewwords
NewWords
hostilea.
unfriendly;
belongingtoanenemy敌对的
viewvt.
consider,regard
escapen.&
v.
逃跑;
逃避
nighttimea.
occurringatnight
interferevi.
getinthewayofanother干涉;
妨碍
interferencen.
researchern.
apersonwhodoesresearch
benefitn.
advantage,profit,goodeffect益处
tensea.
feelingorshowingnervousanxiety紧张的
irritablea.
easilyannoyedormadeangry
meansn.
methodorway
psychologistn.
personwhohasstudiedorisskilledinpsychology心理学家
contributevi.
helpinbringingabout贡献
growthn.
growing;
development
concentrationn.
concentratingorbeingconcentrated
spann.
lengthoftimeduringwhichsth.continuesorworkswell一段时间
self-controln.
controlofone'
s.ownfeelings,behavior,etc.
creativea.
havingthepowertocreate;
inventive
remarkablea.
deservingattention;
unusual,outoftheordinary显著的;
非凡的
shapevt.
influenceand.determinethecourseorformof形成,塑造
industrialistn.
oneowninganindustryorengagedinitsmanagement
maintainvt.
stateorassertastrue;
keepup断言;
维持
picturevt.
imagine;
makeapictureof
inventorn.
apersonwhomakesuporproducessth.new
notablea.
outstanding;
worthyofnotice著名的;
值得注意的
achievern.
onewhoachieves;
winner
vividlyad.
inalivelymanner生动地,逼真地
vivida.
immeasurablyad.
toanextentordegreetoogreattobemeasured;
beyondmeasure
driftvi.
floatorbedrivenalongbywind,wavesorcur-rents漂(流)
athleten.
personwhoistrainedandskilledinphysicalexercisesandwhocompetesingamesthatneedstrengthandspeed运动员
pole-vaultingn.
jumpingwiththehelpofalongpoleheldinthehands撑竿跳
championn.
personorteamtakingthefirstplaceinacompetition冠军
meetn.
(AmE)gatheringesp.forcompetitivesports
clearvt.
getpastoroverwithouttouching
barn.
横竿;
杆;
条状物
stadiumn.
露天体育场
tracen.
markshowingthatsb.orsth.hasexistedorhappened痕迹
memorytrace
chemicalchangeoccurringinthebrainwhennewinformationisabsorbedandremembered记忆痕(脑部吸收或记忆信息时所产生的化学变化)
visionn.
sth.seeninthemind'
seye;
thepowerofimagination想象(力)
automaticallyad.
自动地;
无意识地
automatica.
appropriatelyad.
properly,suitably
appropriatea.
purposefula.
havingaconsciouspurpose
self-imagen.
viewofoneself自我形象
accomplishmentn.
sth.completelyandsuccessfullydone成就
recommendvt.
adviseorsuggest;
speakfavorablyof建议;
推荐
soarvi.
flyorgouphighintheair;
rise翱翔;
升腾
screenn.
whitesurfaceonwhichcinemafilms,TVpro-grams,etc.areshown银幕;
屏幕
projectvt.
causeapicturefromafilmorslidetofallonasurface,etc.映,投射
goaln.
one'
saimorpurpose目标
attainvt.
succeedinarrivingat,esp.aftereffort,reach获得;
达到
supposedlyad.
presumably;
probably
affectvt.
haveaneffecton影响
attainmentn.
theactofattaining;
(usu.pl)sth.successfullyreachedorlearnt,esp.askill
substituten.
apersonorthingactinginplaceofanother代替者;
借用品
athletica.
havingtodowithactivegamesandsportsmenoforconcerningathletes
achievementn.
sth.successfullyfinishedorgained成就
afterprep.
inpursuitof;
insearchof
neglectvt.
paynoattentionto;
givenoornotenoughcareto忽视
combinationn.
joiningorputtingtogether结合
methodn.
wayofdoingsth.
merelyad.
only;
simply
well-beingn.
healthandhapp
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