经济学原理对应练习01Word文档格式.doc
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经济学原理对应练习01Word文档格式.doc
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b. poverty.
c. change.
d. power.
5. Whichofthefollowingquestionsisnotansweredbythedecisionsthateverysocietymustmake?
a. Whatdeterminesconsumerpreferences?
b. Whatgoodswillbeproduced?
c. Whowillproducethegoods?
d. Whowillconsumethegoods?
6. Theoverridingreasonastowhyhouseholdsandsocietiesfacemanydecisionsisthat
a. resourcesarescarce.
b. goodsandservicesarenotscarce.
c. incomesfluctuatewithbusinesscycles.
d. people,bynature,tendtodisagree.
7. Thephenomenonofscarcitystemsfromthefactthat
a. mosteconomies’productionmethodsarenotverygood.
b. inmosteconomies,wealthypeopleconsumedisproportionatequantitiesofgoodsandservices.
c. governmentsrestrictsproductionoftoomanygoodsandservices.
d. resourcesarelimited.
8. Approximatelywhatpercentageoftheworld'
seconomiesexperiencescarcity?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%
9. Whenasocietycannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave,itissaidthattheeconomyisexperiencing
b. shortages.
c. inefficiencies.
d. inequities.
10. Forsociety,agoodisnotscarceif
a. atleastoneindividualinsocietycanobtainallheorshewantsofthegood.
b. firmsareproducingthegoodatfullcapacity.
c. allmembersofsocietycanhavealltheywantofthegood.
d. thosewhohaveenoughincomecanbuyalltheywantofthegood.
11. Whichofthefollowingproductswouldbeconsideredscarce?
a. golfclubs
b. Picassopaintings
c. apples
d. Alloftheabovearecorrect.
12. Economicsisthestudyof
a. productionmethods.
b. howsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.
c. howhouseholdsdecidewhoperformswhichtasks.
d. theinteractionofbusinessandgovernment.
14. Inmostsocieties,resourcesareallocatedby
a. asinglecentralplanner.
b. asmallnumberofcentralplanners.
c. thosefirmsthatuseresourcestoprovidegoodsandservices.
d. thecombinedactionsofmillionsofhouseholdsandfirms.
15. Theadage,"
Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,"
isusedtoillustratetheprinciplethat
a. goodsarescarce.
b. peoplefacetradeoffs.(togetsomethingwelike,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthingwelike)
c. incomemustbeearned.
d. householdsfacemanydecisions.
18. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentstheprinciplerepresentedbytheadage,"
Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch"
?
a. Melissacanattendtheconcertonlyifshetakeshersisterwithher.
b. Gregishungryandhomeless.
c. Brianmustrepairthetireonhisbikebeforehecanrideittoclass.
d. KendramustdecidebetweengoingtoColoradoorCancunforspringbreak.
19. Theprinciplethat"
peoplefacetradeoffs"
appliesto
a. individuals.
b. families.
c. societies.
20. Atypicalsocietystrivestogetthemostitcanfromitsscarceresources.Atthesametime,thesocietyattemptstodistributethebenefitsofthoseresourcestothemembersofthesocietyinafairmanner.Inotherwords,thesocietyfacesatradeoffbetween
a. gunsandbutter.
b. efficiencyandequity.
c. inflationandunemployment.
d. workandleisure.
21. Gunsandbutterareusedtorepresenttheclassicsocietaltradeoffbetweenspendingon
a. durableandnondurablegoods.
b. importsandexports.
c. nationaldefenseandconsumergoods.
d. lawenforcementandagriculture.
22. Whensocietyrequiresthatfirmsreducepollution,thereis
a. atradeoffbecauseofreducedincomestothefirms'
ownersandworkers.
b. atradeoffonlyifsomefirmsareforcedtoclose.
c. notradeoff,sincethecostofreducingpollutionfallsonlyonthefirmsaffectedbytherequirements.
d. notradeoff,sinceeveryonebenefitsfromreducedpollution.
23. Atradeoffexistsbetweenacleanenvironmentandahigherlevelofincomeinthat
a. studiesshowthatindividualswithhigherlevelsofincomeactuallypollutelessthanlow-incomeindividuals.
b. effortstoreducepollutiontypicallyarenotcompletelysuccessful.
c. lawsthatreducepollutionraisecostsofproductionandreduceincomes.
d. byemployingindividualstocleanuppollution,employmentandincomebothrise.
24. Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestcapturesthenotionofefficiency?
a. absolutefairness
b. equaldistribution
c. minimumwaste
d. equitableoutcome
25. Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a. Efficiencyreferstothesizeoftheeconomicpie;
equityreferstohowthepieisdivided.
b. Governmentpoliciesusuallyimproveuponbothequityandefficiency.
c. Aslongastheeconomicpiecontinuallygetslarger,noonewillhavetogohungry.
d. Efficiencyandequitycanbothbeachievediftheeconomicpieiscutintoequalpieces.
26. Efficiencymeansthat
a. societyisconservingresourcesinordertosavethemforthefuture.
b. society'
sgoodsandservicesaredistributedequallyamongsociety'
smembers.
c. society'
sgoodsandservicesaredistributedfairly,thoughnotnecessarilyequally,amongsociety'
d. societyisgettingthemaximumbenefitsfromitsscarceresources.
27. Economistsusethewordequitytodescribeasituationinwhich
a. eachmemberofsocietyhasthesameincome.
b. eachmemberofsocietyhasaccesstoabundantquantitiesofgoodsandservices,regardlessofhisorherincome.
c. societyisgettingthemaximumbenefitsfromitsscarceresources.
d. thebenefitsofsociety'
sresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongsociety'
28. SenatorSmithwantstoincreasetaxesonpeoplewithhighincomesandusethemoneytohelpthepoor.SenatorJonesarguesthatsuchataxwilldiscouragesuccessfulpeoplefromworkingandwillthereforemakesocietyworseoff.Aneconomistwouldsaythat
a. weshouldagreewithSenatorSmith.
b. weshouldagreewithSenatorJones.
c. agooddecisionrequiresthatwerecognizebothviewpoints.
d. therearenotradeoffsbetweenequityandefficiency.
29. Whichofthefollowingwordsandphrasesbestcapturesthenotionofequity?
a. minimumwaste
b. maximumbenefit
c. sameness
d. fairness
ANS:
D DIF:
1 REF:
1-1
TOP:
Equity MSC:
Definitional
30. Whengovernmentpoliciesareenacted,
a. equitycanusuallybeenhancedwithoutanefficiencyloss,butefficiencycanneverbeenhancedwithoutanequityloss.
b. efficiencycanusuallybeenhancedwithoutanequityloss,butequitycanneverbeenhancedwithoutanefficiencyloss.
c. itisalwaysthecasethateitherefficiencyandfairnessarebothenhanced,orefficiencyandequityarebothdiminished.
d. Noneoftheabovearecorrect.
2 REF:
Government,Efficiency,Equity MSC:
Applicative
31. Alikelyeffectofgovernmentpoliciesthatredistributeincomeandwealthfromthewealthytothepooristhatthosepolicies
a. enhanceequity.
b. reduceefficiency.
c. reducetherewardforworkinghard.
1-1
Interpretive
32. Whenthegovernmentimplementsprogramssuchasprogressiveincometaxrates,whichofthefollowingislikelytooccur?
a. Equityisincreasedandefficiencyisincreased.
b. Equityisincreasedandefficiencyisdecreased.
c. Equityisdecreasedandefficiencyisincreased.
d. Equityisdecreasedandefficiencyisdecreased.
B DIF:
33. Asaresultofasuccessfulattemptbygovernmenttocuttheeconomicpieintomoreequalslices,
a. itiseasiertocutthepie,andthereforetheeconomycanproducealargerpie.
b. thegovernmentcanmoreeasilyallocatethepietothosemostinneed.
c. thepiegetssmaller,andtherewillbelesspieoverall.
d. governmentwillspendtoomuchtimecuttinganditcausestheeconomytolosetheabilitytoproduceenoughpieforeveryone.
C DIF:
3 REF:
Analytical
34. Whenthegovernmentattemptstoimproveequityinaneconomytheresultisoften
a. anincreaseinoveralloutputintheeconomy.
b. additionalgovernmentrevenuesinceoverallincomewillincrease.
c. areductioninequity.
d. areductioninefficiency.
35. Whenthegovernmentredistributesincomefromthewealthytothepoor,
a. efficiencyisimproved,butequityisnot.
b. bothwealthypeopleandpoorpeoplebenefitdirectly.
c. peopleworklessandproducefewergoodsandservices.
d. wealthypeopleconsumefewergoods,butpoorpeopleconsumemoregoods,resultinginnorealchange.
36. Ineconomics,thecostofsomethingis
a. thedollaramountofobtainingit.
b. alwaysmeasuredinunitsoftimegivenuptogetit.
c. whatyougiveuptogetit.
d. oftenimpossibletoquantify,eveninprinciple.
Opportunitycost MSC:
37. Whatyougiveuptoobtainanitemiscalledyour
a. opportunitycost.
b. explicitcost.
c. truecost.
d. directcost.
A DIF:
38. Theopport
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