The architecture of webbased information system Web server System web pagesWord文件下载.docx
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The architecture of webbased information system Web server System web pagesWord文件下载.docx
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Abstract
ThepresentworkillustratesthecustomisationandapplicationofthedecisionsupportsystemMOIRA-PLUS(aMOdel-basedcomputerisedsystemformanagementsupporttoIdentifyoptimalremedialstrategiesforRestoringradionuclidecontaminatedAquaticecosystemsanddrainageareas)tothefreshwaterenvironmentinItaly.MOIRA-PLUSisaimedatevaluatingthebehaviourofradiocaesiumandradiostrontiuminfreshwaterecosystemsandatassessingtheappropriatenessofsuitablestrategiesforthemanagementofcontaminatedwaterbodiesbytheapplicationofmulti-attributeanalysistechniques.MOIRA-PLUScanbeappliedtocomplexnetworksoflakes,riversandtributariesandcanbestraightforwardlycustomisedutilisingdataandinformationfromreadilyaccessiblesourcessuchasofficialwebsitesprovidedbyscientificorgovernmentorganisations.Thepresentworkshowsanapplicationofthedecisionsystemto10lakesand18riversinItalycontaminatedwith137CsofChernobylorigin.Site-specificvaluesofsomeaggregatedtransferparameterswereestimatedforthemostimportantItalianlakes.Althoughhighvaluesoffishandwaterconsumptionswerehypothesised,verylowdosestopublicfromthefreshwaterpathwayfollowingtheaccidentwerecalculated.
ArticleOutline
1.Introduction
2.Materialandmethods
2.1.AnoutlineoftheCDSSMOIRA-PLUS
2.1.1.NewfeaturesoftheMOIRA-PLUSmigrationmodels
2.2.Dosimetricmodels
2.3.Customisation
2.4.Calibration
3.Results
4.Discussion
4.1.Comparisonofmodelresultswithempiricaldata
4.2.Roleofthewaterbodycatchment
4.3.ExamplesofMOIRA-PLUSmodelcalibration
4.4.Furtherremarksonthecalibrationcriteriaandthepredictiveabilityofthemodels
4.5.Doseassessment
5.Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Purchase
$31.50
Researchhighlights
►MOIRA-PLUSisacomputeriseddecisionsupportsystemaimedatevaluatingthebehaviourofradiocaesiumandradiostrontiuminfreshwaterecosystemsandatassessingtheappropriatenessofsuitablestrategiesforthemanagementofthecontaminatedaquaticenvironmentbytheapplicationofadvancedmulti-attributeanalysistechniques.►MOIRA-PLUS(release4.1.2)allowstheusertocustomisethemigrationmodelfortheassessmentofthebehaviourofradionuclidesincomplexnetworksofwatersystemsincluding,forinstance,amainwatercourseandseveraltributariesofdifferentorder.►ThetestandthecalibrationofMOIRA-PLUSmigrationmodelsappliedto18riversand10lakesinItalygavetheopportunityofcustomisingMOIRAforpracticalapplicationstothefreshwaterenvironmentintheItalianterritory.►ThecalibrationsoftheMOIRA-PLUSenvironmentalmodelsofferedtheopportunityofassessingsite-specificvaluesofseveralmigrationparametersofimportanceforpredictingthedynamicsofradiocaesiumintheselectedwaterbodies(radionuclidesedimentationvelocity,radionuclidetransfercoefficientfromcatchments,radionuclideburialratetodeepsediment).►Conclusions:
MOIRA-PLUScanbeeasilycustomisedtocomplexfreshwatersystemsatregionalscale.Informationanddataobtainedfromindependentempiricalstudiescanbepromptlyexploitedfortestingandcalibratingthemodels.MOIRA-PLUScanbeusedforquickevaluationsofradionuclidefluxesthroughtheaquaticcompartmentsandofthedosesreleasedtohumans.
63
Theinterfacebetweenlandusesystemsresearchandpolicy:
Multiplearrangementsandleverages
LandUsePolicy,Volume26,Issue2,April2009,Pages434-442
B.Sterk,P.Carberry,C.Leeuwis,M.K.vanIttersum,M.Howden,H.Meinke,H.vanKeulen,W.A.H.Rossing
Inrecentyears,interestinthepolicy-informingroleofresearchorganisationshasgrownconsiderably.Ithasbeenarguedfromwithinthesciencedomainthatthemanagementofland,whetheratthefield,farmorregionalscale,canbenefitfromcomputer-basedsystemsanalysis.Thispropositionwasexaminedthrough26semi-structuredinterviews,byconductingaworkshoponmodellingsupportinpolicydecision-makingandinvestigating11European-basedcasesofpolicy-orientedmodellingresearch.Onbasisofthesematerials,weassessapproachestowardspolicy-orientedmodellingwithinthedomainofagriculturalproductionandotherenvironmentalservicesofland.First,wedefinetheboundaryarrangementsforourfieldofinterest,i.e.computer-basedsystemsanalysisofagriculturalproductionandecosystemsservices.Suchideotypicalclassificationofboundaryarrangementsmakesexplicittheinstitutionalspaceinwhichsystemscientistsfunction.Thisspaceenablescertainactivities,andatthesametimeconstrainsotherinitiatives,dependentonwhoisperceivedtoinitiateand/orcontrolresearchactivitiesandtoformulateobjectives,andwhetheritisconsideredappropriatetointegratescientificknowledgedevelopmentwithpolicywork.Fiveideotypicalboundaryarrangementsareproposed:
‘Civilmandate’;
‘Trickleout’;
‘Janusface’;
‘Criticalparticipant’;
and‘Knowledgebroker’.Inasecondstep,anumberofcriticalleveragepointsareidentifiedbasedonthe11casesandtheseareaddressedinrelationtothefiveboundaryarrangements.Theterm‘leveragepoint’coversmeans,conditionsandmethodsthatfosteruseofmodellingworkthatcanbechanged,andthusmaybepartofastrategytoincreasethechancesthatamodelisused.Theleveragepointswere:
reputationofresearchinstituteand/orscientists;
raisingandbalancingexpectations;
communicationaboutandinvestmentinthescientificbasisofthemodellingwork;
participationinmodeldevelopment;
heterogeneousandextensivesocialnetworkinpolicydomain;
institutemandatethatsecuresavailabilityof‘steppingstones’.Weconceiveoftwoapplicationsofourresearchformodellerswhoareinterestedintheuseoftheirworkinthepolicysphere.First,theboundaryarrangementclassificationhelpstointerprettheexperiencesofothersandtoassesstherelevanceoflessonsandsuggestionsfortheirowncontext.Secondly,thecombinationoftheboundaryarrangementperspectiveandcriticalleveragepointspresentsabasistodesignaninstitutionalpathwayforenhancingimpactofmodellingresearchinthepolicysphere.Forthoseresearchersfunctioninginascience-domain-orientedenvironment,theanalysisinthispapersuggeststhattherearemoreoptionsthanthefrequentlyproposed‘moreparticipation’forincreasingthelikelihoodthattheirpolicy-orientedworkisused.Theseincludeestablishingcontactswithresearchgroupsorinstitutesthatareinapositiontofunctionas‘steppingstones’,orengagingwithotherstodevelopasocialnetworkinthepolicysphere.
Introduction
Methodology
Boundaryarrangementsbetweenscienceandpolicy
Fivescience–policyboundaryarrangementsinthefieldofcomputer-basedlandusesystemanalysis
Assessingcriticalleveragepointsinviewofboundaryarrangements
Reputationofresearchinstituteand/orscientists
Raisingandbalancingexpectations
Communicationaboutandinvestmentinthescientificbasisofthemodellingwork
Participationinmodeldevelopment
Heterogeneousandextensivesocialnetworkinpolicydomain
Institutemandatethatsecuresavailabilityofsteppingstones
Discussion
64
Planningforeconomicandenvironmentalresilience
TransportationResearchPartA:
PolicyandPractice,Volume44,Issue8,October2010,Pages575-586
SteveWinkelman,AllisonBishins,ChuckKooshian
ClimateprotectionwillrequiremajorreductionsinGHGemissionsfromallsectorsoftheeconomy,includingthetransportationsector.Slowinggrowthinvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)willbenecessaryforreducingtransportationGHGemissions,evenwithmajorbreakthroughsinvehicletechnologiesandlow-carbonfuels(Winkelmanetal.,2009).TheCenterforCleanAirPolicy(CCAP)supportsmarket-basedpolicyapproachesthatminimizecostsandmaximizebenefits.OurresearchindicatesthatsignificantGHGreductionscanbeachievedthroughsmartgrowthandtravelefficiencymeasuresthatincreaseaccessibility,improvetravelchoicesandmakeoptimumuseofexistinginfrastructure.Moreover,wefindsuchmeasurescandelivercompellingeconomicbenefits,includingavoidedinfrastructurecosts,leveragedprivateinvestment,increasedlocaltaxrevenuesandconsumervehicleownershipandoperatingcostsavings(Winkelmanetal.,2009).
Asasociety,whatwebuild–whereandhow–hasatremendousimpactonourcarbonfootprint,frombuildingdesigntotransportationinfrastructureandland-usepatterns.Theempiricalandmodelingevidenceisclear–peopledrivelessinlocationswithefficientlandusepatterns,highqualitytravelchoicesandreinforcingpoliciesandincentives(Ewingetal.,2008).Itisalsoclearthatthereisgrowingandunm
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