职称英语 教材.docx
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职称英语 教材.docx
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职称英语教材
07职称英语(理工类)
第126页
第四部分 阅读理解
第四篇 MotoringTechnology
1.2millionroaddeathsworldwideoccureachyear,plusafurther50millioninjuries.Toreducecarcrashrate,muchresearchnowisfocusedonsafetyandnewfuels-thoughsomeelectricvehicleandbiofuelresearchaimsatgoingfaster.
Travellingatspeedhasalwaysbeenrisky.Onecuttingedgeareaofresearchinmotoringsafetyistheuseofdigitalin-carassistants.Theycanensureyoudon'tmisscrucialroadsignsorfallasleep.Theuseofartificialintelligencesoftwareallowstheseassistantstomonitoryourdrivingandmakessureyourphoneorradiodoesn'tdistractyouatavitalmoment.Mostcrashesresultfromhumanandnotmechanicalfaults.
Somesafetydevelopmentsaimtoimproveyourvision.Radarcanspotobstaclesinfog,whileothertechnology"seesthrough"high-sidedvehiclesblockingyourview.
Andimprovementstoseatbelts,pedalcontrolsandtyresaremakingdrivingsmootherandsafer.Thecolourofacarhasbeenfoundtobelinkedwithsafety,ashave,lesssurprisingly,sizeandshape.
Andalternativestofossil-fuelbasedpetrol,suchasplantoils,areahotareaofresearch.Fuelcellsbasedonhydrogenburncleanly,andarethesubjectofaseriousresearcheffort.
Butwhateverisinthefueltank,youdon'twantathiefinthedrivingseatandtherehavebeenmanyinnovations,someusingsatellitetrackingandremotecommunications,tofightagainstcartheft.Thesecommunicationsystemscanalsocomeintoplayifyoucrash,automaticallycallingforhelp.
Accidentscausemanytrafficjams,buttherearemoresubtleinterplaysbetweenvehiclesthatcancausejamsevenonaclearbutbusyroad.Suchjamscanbeanalysedusingstatisticaltools.Roboticdriverscouldbeprogrammedtomaketrafficflowsmoothlyandwillperhapsonedaybeeveryone'spersonalchauffeur,buttheirlatesteffortssuggestthatwon'tbesoon.
练习:
1.Whatareresearchersinterestedindoingastheroadaccidentsworldwideincreasetoashocking
rate?
A)Theyaredevelopingfasterelectricvehicles.
B)Theyareanalyzingroaddeathsoccurringworldwideeveryyear.
C)Theyfocustheirresearchonsafetyandnewfuels.
D)Theyaredesigningfullyautomaticcars.
2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,mostroadaccidentshappen
A)becausedriversfallasleep.
B)becausedriversmakemistakes.
C)becauseofenginefailure.
D)becauseofspeeding.
3.WhichofthesafetydevelopmentsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
A)Radarsthatcanhelpdriverstoseeobstaclesinfog.
B)Devicesthatcanhelpdriverstoseethroughbigvehicles.
C)Improvementsinseatbelts,pedalcontrolsandtyres.
D)Windscreensthatcanhelpdriverstoimprovetheirvision.
4.WhatisNOTthepurposeofinnovationsthatusesatellitetrackingandremotecommunications?
A)Topreventcarthievesfromgettingintoyourcar.
B)Tocallforhelpwhenone'scarcrashes.
C)Tocallforhelpwhenthecargetsjammedinthetraffic.
D)Totrackthecardownwhenitisbeingstolen.
5.Whatistrueofroboticdrivers?
A)Itwilltakesometimebeforeroboticdriverscanbeputtopracticaluse
B)Roboticdriversarenotallowedtodriveonbusyroads.
C)Roboticdriverscanneverreplacehumandrivers.
D)Roboticdrivesaretooexpensivetouse.
【答案】CBDCA
第191页
第三十一篇 HurricaneKatrina
Ahurricaneisafiercelypowerful,rotatingformoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1,240milesindiameter.ThetermhurricaneisderivedfromHurican,thenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypicalofacalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter,knownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetime,oneofthesestormscanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.
Theseedforhurricaneformation5isaclusterofthunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.TheserequirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernhemisphere.
Undertheseconditions,largequantitiesofwaterevaporateandcondenseintocloudsandrain-releasingheatintheprocess.Itisthisheatenergy,combinedwiththerotationoftheEarth,thatdrivesahurricane.
Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstorise,itcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawnintothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoisture-ladenairfromtheseasurfaceinaprocessthatswellsthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktotheoceansurfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.
Initially,whenwindspeedsreach23milesperhour,thesemild,wetandgreyweathersystemsareknownasdepressions.HurricaneKatrinaformedinthiswayoverthesouth-easternBahamason23August2005.KatrinahashadadevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUS,leavingadisasterzoneof90,000squaremilesinitswake-almostthesizeoftheUK.ThousandshavebeenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillionpeoplehavebeendisplacedinahumanitariancrisisofascalenotseenintheUSsincethegreatdepression.Thecostofthe
damagemaytop$100billion.
练习:
1.Whatistheeyeofahurricane?
A)AnativeAmericanstormgod.
B)Arotatingformoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1240milesindiameter
C)Acalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter.
D)Astormthatcanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthe"requirements"mentionedinthesecondparagraph?
A)Thetropicalwatersarewarmandcalm.
B)Thesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27~C.
C)Therearethunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.
D)Theatmospheresurroundingtheseaiscalm.
3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestexplanationoftheword"drive"inthethirdparagraph?
A)Toguide,control,ordirect.
B)Toforcetogothroughorpushin/hammerin.
C)Tosupplythemotiveforceorpowerandcausetofunction.
D)Toforcetomoveinaparticulardirection.
4.Whatdoesthewarmairmentionedinthefourthparagraphproducewhenitisrisingfromtheseasurface?
A)Highpressure
B)Lowpressure.
C)Wind.
D)Coldair.
5.WhatisNOTtrueofHurricaneKatrinaaccordingtothelastparagraph?
A)TheareaaffectedisalmostthesizeoftheUK.
B)Itleftadisasterzoneof90,000squaremiles.
C)Halfamillionpeopleareforcedtoleavethearea.
D)Thehumanitariancrisisisasseriousasthatofthegreatdepression
【答案】CACBD
第217页
第四十二篇 RenewableEnergySources
Todaypetroleumprovidesaround40%oftheworld'senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles.Coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoverone-quarterofourenergyneeds,butitistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel.Naturalgasreservescouldplugsomeofthegapfromoil,butreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years.
Wecouldfastreachanenergycrisis.Weneedtorapidlydevelopsustainablesolutionstofuelourfuture.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution.Theymaybenefittheworld'spoortoo."Renewable"referstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.
TheChineseandRomansusedwatermillsover2000yearsago.ButthefirsthydroelectricdamwasbuiltinEnglandin1870.Hydroelectricpowerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergy,supplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China'sThreeGorgesDam,whichhasjustbeencompleted,isthelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS'sHooverDam,its26turbineswillgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina'sentireelectricitydemand.Surprisingly,somearguethathydroelectricdamssignificantlycontributegreenhousegases.
In2003,thefirstcommercialpowerstationtoharnesstidalcurrentsintheopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill,butotherstaketheformofturbines.
Aspricesfall,windpowerhasbecomethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration--quadruplingworldwidebetween1999and2005.Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensive,thereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld'sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeauty,andareoftenunpopularwithresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallybenign--theycaninterferewithradarandleaveasignificantecologicalfootprint,alteringclimateandkillingseabirds.Migratingbirdsmayhavemoreluckavoidingthem.
ScotlandisbuildingEurope'slargestwindfarm,whichwillpower200,000homes.TheUK'sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesources,mainlywind,by2020.Butthismaycauseproblems,becausewindisunreliable.
练习:
1.Whataretheenergyresourcesthatarenotrenewableaccordingtothearticle?
A)Petroleumandcoal.
B)Naturalgas.
C)Windandwater.
D)AandB,
2.China'sThreeGorgesDam
A)isthefirsthydroelectricdamintheworld.
B)isofthesamesizeoftheUS'sHooverDam.
C)isthelargestofallthehydroelectricdamsintheworld
D)suppliesaround20%oftheworldelectricity.
3.Whichisthecountrywiththefirstcommercialpowerstationthatmakesuseofoceancurrentsproducedbytides.
A)China.
B)Norway.
C)England,
D)America.
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofwindpower?
A)Thereisplentyofwindtoprovidetheworld'sentireenergyneeds
B)Itisthemostr
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