江西师范大学附中高三上期中考试英语卷.docx
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江西师范大学附中高三上期中考试英语卷.docx
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江西师范大学附中高三上期中考试英语卷
2021年江西师范大学附中高三上期中考试英语卷
学校:
___________姓名:
___________班级:
___________考号:
___________
一、阅读选择
Howcanwereducetherisk?
Therearefourgeneralapproachestodealingwithvolcanicdangers.Wecantrytokeepthedangerfromoccurring—oftenanimpossibletask.Wecantrytochangeitspathorreduceitsimpactonexistingdevelopment.Wecantakestepstoprotectfuturedevelopment.Wecanalsodoourbesttohavedisasterresponseplansinplacebeforetheyareneeded.
RemovingtheThreat
Clearly,thereisnowaytostopaneruption.Wecan,however,attempttoreducetheeruption’seffectsbystrengtheningstructures,forexample,buildingprotectiveworkssuchaswallstomakelava(熔岩)flowawayfromdevelopedareas.Sucheffortscanbeandhavebeensuccessful,butareoflimiteduseinalarge-scaleeruption.
PlanningfortheFuture
Protectingfuturedevelopmentfromvolcanicdangersisasimpletask.Beforebuildinghouses,weshouldjudgetherisk.Iftheriskseemstoogreat,asaferlocationshouldbefound.Thistypeofplanningisveryeffective,butalltoooften,peoplearedrawntothelush(葱郁的),rollinglandofaquietvolcano.
DisasterPreparedness(预案)
Whenavolcanocomestolife,afewweeksmaynotbeenoughtimetoavoidatragedy.Planningisthekeytosavinglives.Wellbeforethewarningsignsoccur,peoplemustbeeducatedaboutvolcanicdangers.Escapeplansmustbeinplace.Communicationbetweenscientists,officials,themedia,andthegeneralpublicshouldbepracticed.Emergencymeasuresmustbethoughtoutandagreedupon.
Ifyoudoubttheimportanceoftheseefforts,takeanotherlookatpastvolcanictragedies,suchastheeruptionofNevadodelRuiz.CommunicationfailuresleftthetownofArmerounpreparedforescape.Whenadeadlymudflowcamedowntheslope(斜坡),21,000people—90percentofthetown’speople—died.
1.Thepassageisintendedfor________.
A.thegeneralpublicB.architects
C.adventurersD.geographers
2.Whenbuildinghouses,peopletendto________.
A.judgevolcanicdangerscarefully
B.takevolcanicdangersseriously
C.liketolivenearaquietvolcano
D.findasaferplacefarawayfromavolcano
3.ThewritermentionedNevadodelRuiztoprove________.
A.Thefailuretokeepvolcanicdangersfromhappening
B.Theimportanceofpreparingforavolcaniceruption
C.ThebraveryofthepeopleinArmeroTown
D.Theuncertaintyofvolcano’sdamage
Whensomeoneishappy,canyousmellit?
Youcanusuallytellwhensomeoneishappybasedonseeingthemsmile,hearingthemlaughorperhapsfromreceivingabighug.Butcanyoualsosmelltheirhappiness?
Surprisingnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessdoesindeedhaveascent,andthattheexperienceofhappinesscanbetransmittedthroughsmell,reportsPhys.org.
Forthestudy,12youngmenwereshownvideosmeanttobringaboutavarietyofemotionswhileresearchersgatheredsweatsamplesfromthem.Allofthemenwerehealthyandnoneofthemweredrugusersorsmokers,andallwereaskedto______drinkingoreatingsmellyfoodsduringthestudyperiod.
Thosesweatsampleswerethengivento36equallyhealthyyoungwomentosmell,whileresearchersmonitoredtheirreactions.Onlywomenwereselectedtosmellthesamples,apparentlybecausepreviousresearchhasshownthatwomenhaveabettersenseofsmellthanmenandarealsomoresensitivetoemotionalsignaling—thoughit'sunclearwhyonlymenwerechosentoproducethescents.
Researchersfoundthatthebehaviorofthewomenaftersmellingthescents—particularlytheirfacialexpressions—indicatedarelationshipbetweentheemotionalstatesofthemenwhoproducedthesweatandthewomenwhosniffedthem.
“Humansweatproducedwhenapersonishappybringsaboutastatesimilartohappinessinsomebodywhobreathesthissmell,”saidstudyco-authorGunSemin,aprofessoratKocUniversityinTurkey.
Thisisafascinatingfindingbecauseitnotonlymeansthathappinessdoeshaveascent,butthatthescentiscapableoftransmittingtheemotiontoothers.Thestudyalsofoundthatotheremotions,suchasfear,seemtocarryascenttoo.Thisensurespreviousresearchsuggestingthatsomenegativeemotionshaveasmell,butitisthefirsttimethishasprovedtobetrueofpositivefeelings.
Researchershaveyettoisolate(分离)exactlywhatthechemicalcompoundforthehappinesssmellis,butyoumightimaginewhatthepotentialapplicationsforsuchafindingcouldbe.Happinessperfumes,forinstance,couldbeinvented.Scenttherapies(香味疗法)couldalsobedevelopedtohelppeoplethroughdepressionoranxiety.
Perhapsthemostsurprisingresultofthestudy,however,isourbroadenedunderstandingofhowemotionsgetcommunicated,andalsohowourownemotionsarepotentiallymanagedthroughoursocialcontextandtheemotionalstatesofthosearoundus.
4.Whatisthemainfindingofthenewresearch?
A.Pleasantfeelingscanbesmeltout.
B.Negativeemotionshaveasmell.
C.Menproducemoresweats.
D.Womenhaveabettersenseofsmell.
5.Theunderlinedpart“abstainfrom”inParagraph3probablymeans_________.
A.continueB.practiceC.avoidD.try
6.Whatistheapplicationvalueofthenewresearch?
A.Perfumescouldhelppeopleunderstandeachother.
B.Somesmellscouldbecreatedtoimproveourappearance.
C.Perfumescouldbeproducedtocurephysicaldiseases.
D.Somesmellscouldbedevelopedtobetterourmood.
7.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.
A.happinesscomesfromascentofsweat
B.socialsurroundingscaninfluenceouremotions
C.peopleneedmoreemotionalcommunication
D.positiveenergycandeepenunderstanding
NewOrleans,Louisiana,wasestablishedaspartoftheFrenchEmpirein1718.
ItslocationontheeastbankoftheMississippiRivergaveitcontroloftheAmericanhinerlandanditbecamestrategicallyimportanttomanynations.ItwastransferredfromFrancetoSpain,returnedtoFrance,andfinallysoldbyNapoleontotheUnitedStatesin1803.Thecitywasthesiteofafamousbattlefoughtin1815betweentheBritish,whohopedtocontrolit,andtheAmericansunderGeneralAndrewJackson.
TheriverbedoftheMississippiisconstantlysilting(淤积)andtheriverisnowactuallyhigherthanthecity.Leveesholdbacktheriverandgiantpumpsareusedtomovewaterfromthecityintotheriver.
AlthoughNewOrleanshasbeenapartoftheUnitedStatesforalmosttwocenturies,itspopulationtakesgreatprideinitsFrenchheritage.LouisianastillretainspartsoftheCodeNapoleonwhich,formanyyears,wasitsonlylaw.
NewOrleansiscarefreecityanditboastsitshot,spicyCreoleseafoodanditsnativeDixielandJazz.TheJacksonSquareneighborhoodmaintainsitsFrenchcolonialhomesandinothersectionsarepre-CivilWarmansions.Visitorsaresurprisedtofindthatbehindthisinterestingsurfaceofyesteryearisabusyindustrialandportcity.GrainandcoalcomefromtheMidwestandforeigngoodsareunloadedhere.NewOrleansisnolongerasleepySoutherntown----butit'sstillfuntovisit.
8.ThebattleofNewOrleanswasfoughtbyJacksonagainst______.
A.FranceB.BritainC.SpainD.TheNorth
9.Accordingtothepassage,theCodeNapoleonwas_______.
A.anagreementtosellLouisiana
B.abodyoflaws
C.acityplan
D.amilitarycodeforthearmy
10.WhichofthefollowingelementsdoesnotapplytotheattitudeofthecitizensofNewOrleans?
A.PrideintheirFrenchheritage.
B.Adesiretoretaincolonialbuildings.
C.Arefusaltoengageintradeandcommerce
D.ApraisingofDixielandJazz.
11.TouristsvisitingNewOrleansaresurprisedtoencounter_____.
A.CreolefoodB.Dixielandjazz
C.abusycityD.authenticcolonialhomes
Whenit'sfiveo'clock,peopleleavetheiroffice.Thelengthoftheworkday,formanyworkers,isdefinedbytime.Theyleavewhentheclocktellsthemthey'redone.
Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere:
notjustonclocksorwatches,butoncell-phonesandcomputers.Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.Newresearchshowsonthatclock-basedworkscheduleshindermoraleandcreativity.
Clock-timersorganizetheirdaybyblocksofminutesandhours.Forexample:
ameetingfrom9a.m.to10a.m.,researchfrom10a.m.tonoon,etc.Ontheotherhand,task-timershavealistofthingstheywanttoaccomplish.Theyworkdownthelist,eachtaskstartswhentheprevioustaskiscompleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning.
What,then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways?
Doesonemakeusmoreproductive?
Betteratthetasksathand?
Happier?
InexperimentsconductedbyTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellier,theyhadparticipintsorganizedifferentactivities-fromprojectplanning,holidayshopping,toyoga-bytimeorto-dolisttomeasurehowtheyperformedunder"clocktime"vs"tasktime".Theyfoundclocktimerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive.Theytendtoenjoythemomentwhensomethinggoodishappening,andseizeopportunitiesthatcomeup.
Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandunder-supportedinthebusinessculture.Smartcompanies,theybelieve,willtrytobakemoretask-basedplanningintotheirstrategies.
Thismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy:
workorganizedbyclocktime.Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.It'llmakethosetaskseasier,andthetask-doerswillbehappier.
12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftimedisplayedeverywhere?
A.Itmakeseveryb
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