高考英语阅读专题训练 应用文.docx
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高考英语阅读专题训练 应用文.docx
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高考英语阅读专题训练应用文
应用文
高考英语阅读理解应用文的文体特色、命题特点、素材和解答方法。
高考英语阅读理解应用文的文体特色:
英语应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体,一般可分为两大类:
一类是叙述性应用文,例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等;另一类是说明性应用文,包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。
近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文,当然偶尔也出现了书信类文章;其文章呈现形式多样,除了文字外还有图表、图片、表格、地址、网址等。
高考英语阅读理解应用文的命题特点:
1.应用文类型文章,语言简练,一般来说和所述问题无关的文字不会出现,例如很多文章没有标题,许多文章甚至通篇都没有一句完整的句子,而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。
2.就其用词来看,文章中充斥着大量冗长而生僻的专有名词,例如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等,而且均没有汉语注释。
3.应用文的行文方式:
每种文体都有其固定的格式。
叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法,无特别之处;说明性应用文的行文是排列式—--即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。
4.高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。
设问内容一般以细节题为主,也兼有询问短文出处和写作意图的题目。
例如:
Wherecanyoumostprobablyfindthisarticle/passage?
Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?
高中英语新课程标准也提出了“着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力”的要求。
根据该要求及高考英语的发展趋势可以看出,高考英语试卷阅读理解部分越来越凸现阅读能力必须涉及“解决现实生活问题”这个十分重要的因素,强调实用性,与时俱进。
据此推出了多种应用文体的语篇;相关试题设问方式也更趋活泼、灵活多样、贴近生活。
高考英语应用文素材:
全部选自真实生活、充满时代气息并具有鲜明的语言特色。
它们种类繁多、涵盖面广,包括广告、书信、海报、指南、产品介绍、启示、须知、招生招聘、书评、图示及其说明等。
这些实用型文章提高了高考英语测试的真实性,重点考查考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的能力,这也充分地体现了英语课程标准“学以致用”的思想。
高考英语阅读理解应用文的解答方法:
高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置,设问内容一般以细节题为主,也兼有询问出处和写作意图的题目。
在解答事实细节题时,我们首先就要在试题中寻找关键的线索词,如名词、动词、形容词或副词等实义词,带着问题和它们去阅读短文,要标明其出处,为迅速、准确地选择正确的答案作好充分准备。
其次要忠实于原文。
该类题源于短文,所以在解题时要紧扣原文,在短文中找到相应出处,要以此为依据,而不是想当然地仅凭自己已有的知识进行答题。
此外,还应注意句子间的逻辑关系(如因果、方位、次序、时间先后、转折/相对和递进关系)和认真识别指代词语(如代词和替代词:
one,theone,those,that,it,they等)。
在解答询问出处和写作意图的题目时,就要能够理解文章的主旨大意(中心思想):
因为一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开的,所以只有通过阅读掌握该短文的主旨大意,才能正确理解短文,进而根据短文的事实、细节推断作者的观点和写作意图。
要掌握短文主旨,可以通过寻找短文的主题句,而主题句通常在段首(最常见)、段中、段尾、段首和段尾或隐含在段落中。
解答主旨大意的试题时常采用快速浏览法,只要先浏览文章的标题,首、尾段或每段的首、尾句,再重点寻找主题线索和主题信息即可。
当然还要善于抓住文章的中心思想,把握住作者的观点和写作意图。
(1)
TEENSGIVINGisanexcitingeventwherehundredsofNewYorkCityteensgathertogetherannuallyforaremarkabledayofcommunityservice.Thisyear,TEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010participantswillonceagainbetterNewYorkCityandimpactthousandsoflives!
WhenisTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010?
SUNDAY,APRIL25,2010
WhereisTEENSGIVING?
AlloverNewYorkCity.Everyonewillmeetatthe92ndStreetY(92ndandLexington)at9:
00AMfortheeventkick-off.Then,allTEENSGIVINGvolunteerswilldisperseacrossthecitytoworkwithourpartneringagencieswheretheywillmakeaHUGEdifference(andhavefun!
).
WhoparticipatesinTEENSGIVING?
Hundredsofteenagersfromaroundthecity.Teenscomefromthe92ndStreetY,variouscityschools,youthgroups,andorganizationsinthearea.Inaddition,manyadultvolunteers(ages21andolder)willdonatetheirtimetoTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010.
Whatprojectsdoparticipantsdoattheagencies?
Sampleprojectsincludepaintingparkbenches,plantinggardens,visitingandplayingwithunderprivilegedchildren,assemblingcraftkitsforchildreninhospitals,assistingatanimalshelters,workingatsoupkitchens,deliveringmealsandcelebratingwithfamiliesathomelessshelters.
DoIgetanythingforparticipatinginTEENSGIVING?
Yes!
Everybodybenefits!
Teenvolunteerswillreceive*6hours*ofcommunityservicecredit,goodtowardshonorsociety,highschoolgraduationandcollegeapplicationrequirements.Adultvolunteerswillbe“thanked”withalightbreakfast,agiftcertificatefortheirtroubles,andthesatisfactionofhelpingourcity’syouthcontributetotheircommunity.Inaddition,allteenandadultvolunteerswillreceiveacoolTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010T-shirt.
Thissoundsawesome!
HowdoIregisterforTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010?
Interestedteensand/oradultsshoulde-mailtheTEENSGIVINGCoordinatorJoshHymanat**************(subject:
TEENSGIVING)toreceivemoreinformationandtoregisterforthisfantasticevent!
**Teenscanalsocontacttheirschool’sCommunityServiceAdvisor**
TEENSGIVINGissponsoredbythe92ndStreetY.
1.TEENSGIVINGisaneventwhichisheld____________.
A.fromtimetotimeB.onceeveryyear
C.everytwoyearsD.twiceayear
2.TeenagersmaydoallthefollowingintheeventEXCEPT_________.
A.wateringflowersB.cooking
C.cleaningstreetsD.takingcareofanimals
3.Anadultvolunteermayget______forhistimedevotedtoTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010.
A.communityservicecreditandaT-shirt
B.ahighschoolcertificateandalightbreakfast
C.aT-shirtandagiftcertificate
D.agiftcertificateandcommunityservicecredit
4.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthispassageisto__________.
A.informreadersofsomefrequentlyaskedquestions
B.introduceTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010toreaders
C.encouragereaderstoaskmorequestionsaboutTEENSGIVING
D.callonreaderstoparticipateinTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010
详细解析:
1.选B。
第一问中第一句TEENSGIVINGisanexcitingeventwherehundredsofNewYorkCityteensgathertogetherannuallyforaremarkabledayofcommunityservice中annually是“一年一次地;每年;年度地”,与选项B意思相同。
2.选C。
在Whatprojectsdoparticipantsdoattheagencies?
中有plantinggardens,assistingatanimalshelters,workingatsoupkitchens,而根本没有提到cleaningstreets.
3.选C。
根据DoIgetanythingforparticipatinginTEENSGIVING?
中Adultvolunteerswillbe“thanked”withalightbreakfast,agiftcertificatefortheirtroubles,和allteenandadultvolunteerswillreceiveacoolTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010T-shirt.可知C正确。
4.选B。
本小题考查文章主旨/中心,全文比较系统地介绍了TEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010,而且文章标题TEENSGIVINGinSPRING2010也体现了文章中心。
(2)
ItalianLakesandGreekIslands(12Days)
Pricesstartingfrom$1,999
YourtourbeginsinMilan,Italy,andmovesontotheprettyItalianLakeDistrictandtheattractiveresort(胜地)ofStresa,yourhomefortwonights.ColletteVacationshascarefullychosentheCostaVictoriaasyourhomeawayfromhomeforyour7—nightjourneyalongthewaterwaysoftheMediterranean.ThecruiseshipisfilledwiththewarmthandcultureofItalyandisrichlydesignedwithentertainment(娱乐)areasandverygoodlivingconditions.Itwilltakeyoutotheplacesofyourdreams.
You’llspend4daystouringGreekcitiesyou’vealwaysheardabout.InKatakolon,youwillhavetheonlyunguidedtourtonearbyOlympiaonthewholejourney.ThenwithalocalguideyouwillvisittheGreekislandsofSantorini,whichisoftenrelatedtothestoryofthelostcityofAtlantis,andMykonos,awonderfulislandwithbeautifulbeaches.
YourjourneyendsinVerona,homeofthelovestoryRomeoandJuliet,withafun—filledfarewelldinner—aperfectendingtoapleasantjourney.
12Days,25Meals:
10Breakfasts,6Lunches,9Dinners
Day1OvernightflighttoItaly
Days2—3ReginaPalace,Stresa,Italy
Days4—10CostaVictoria(Costacruises)
Day11HotelLeopardi,Verona,Italy
Day12Leaveforhome
PleaseNote:
Leavingdate
Priceforoneperson
April7
$2,099
June2
$2,199
October6
$2,099
November3
$1,999
5.Howisthejourneyplanned?
A.ItstartsandendsinItaly.
B.ItstartsandendsinGreece.
C.ItstartsinItalyandendsinGreece.
D.ItstartsinGreeceandendsinItaly.
6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetravelplan?
A.Thepricemaygetlowerthanthoseintheplan.
B.Thepricesincludethreemealsaday.
C.Thepriceisthehighestinsummer.
D.Thepricesincludeentertainmentservice.
7.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theCostaVictoria”mostprobablyreferto?
A.Afamoushotel.
B.Abeautifulresort.
C.Acomfortableship.
D.Along—distancebus.
8.Touristswilltravelontheirownin.
A.StresaB.OlympiaC.MykonosD.Verona
答案5.A6.C7C8.B
(3)
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