人教版英语同义句句型转换附练习及答案.docx
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人教版英语同义句句型转换附练习及答案.docx
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人教版英语同义句句型转换附练习及答案
英语句型转换
(一).同义句转换知识点讲解(14 种类型)
一、运用同义词(组)进行转换
用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换(又称“词语替代法”),注意转换后的
词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。
如:
1. That day we could see flowers here and there.
That day we could see flowers __________.
分析:
答案为 everywhere。
everywhere 与 here and there 都表示“到处”。
2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.
The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.
分析:
答案为 looks after。
take good care of 与 look after…well 都表示“好好照顾”。
3. The children are wearing beautiful clothes.
The children are_________beautiful clothes.
4. Every day,Yao Ming receives E-mails from thousands of basketball fans.
Every day,Yao Ming_________thousands of basketball fans.
5. Mr. Smith is working.
Mr. Smith is__________ __________.
答案:
1. in 2. hears from 3. at work
二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换
即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词(词组)的积累和换
位思维的能力。
如:
1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.
分析:
答案为 same as。
be different from 意为“与……不同”;the same as 意为“与……相
同”,其否定式与 be different from 同义。
2. I think wealth is less important than health.
I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.
分析:
答案为 don’t,more。
less important 的意思是“没有(不及)……重要”;more
important 的意思是“(比)……更重要”,该结构与 not 连用,则表示“不比……更重要”。
3. Chinese is more popular than Japanese.
Japanese is__________popular__________Chinese.
4. The runner couldn't catch up with the others in the race.
The runner_________ __________the others in the race.
5. A computer is more useful than a VCD.
A VCD is not_________useful_________a computer.
答案:
4. less, than 5. fell behind 6. as ,as
另外,有的反义词即使不与否定词连用,而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。
如:
He lent some money to his friend.
He friend ___ some money ___ him.
分析:
答案为 borrowed,from。
borrow…from 意为“向……借……”;lend…to 意为“把……
借给……”。
两个结构意思相反,但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置,则可转换为同义句。
三、运用不同语态进行转换
即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词,但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。
如:
1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.
分析:
答案为 be given back。
被动句中含有情态动词 should,因此助动词用 be。
2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.
分析:
答案为 are,used。
computers 是复数名词,助动词用 are。
3. You must tidy your bedroom every day.
→Your bed room must be tidied every day.
farm grows cotton.
→Cotton is grown on the farm.
四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换,此时往往会涉及时态的变化。
如:
1. The manager left two hours ago.
The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.
分析:
答案为 has been away。
leave 为非延续性动词,不能与 for two hours 这样的一段时间
连用,而改成 be away 这样的延续性动词后,则可连用一段时间。
2. The film began five minutes ago.
The film has been __________ five minutes.
分析:
答案为 on for。
has been 提示时态是现在完成时态,“for+时间段”表示“持续(一段
时间)”,常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。
3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.
答案:
has been in。
短暂动词 join,意为“参加、加入(组织,政党)”,不能与延续时间状
语连用,与延续性时间状语连用时,将 join 改成 be in 或 be a member in…。
五、运用不同引语进行转换
即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。
此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动
词、状语等相应的变化。
如:
1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.
分析:
答案为 told,had found。
此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。
2. “Did you see her last week?
” he said.
He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.
分析:
答案为 asked if/ whether, before 。
此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。
六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换
即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。
(1).复合句化为简单句一般侧重
于将从句变化为短语或词组,使句意简单明了。
①用不定式、介词短语、名词短语、分词性短语等替
换复合句中的句子;
②将宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”;
③将 so...that...,或 such...that ...引导的状语从句简化为
含有 too...to ..., enough ...to...简单句;④将 if 引导的状语从句简化为
“祈使句,and(or) + 一般将来时”的句子.
(2).必须注意的是,简单句变为复合句时,很多情况下是把宾语扩大为宾语从句,从句中使用一般
将来时或“情态动词+动词原形”。
如:
1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.
分析:
答案为 because of。
将原因状语从句 because it was raining 改为表示原因的介词短语
because of the rain。
2. He was so excited that he couldn ’t go to sleep.
He was ______ _____ ______ go to sleep.
分析:
答案为 too excited to。
将 so…that…换成 too…to…结构,原句的 that 从句为结果状
语从句,改写句中的不定式仍表结果。
3. Now I will show you how to do the work.
Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.
分析:
答案为 how you can。
即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。
4. You should put them back after you use them.
You should put them back _____ _____ them.
分析:
答案为 after using。
即将 after 引导的状语从句改写为 after 引导的介词短语。
hope that I can see you again.
→I hope to see you again.
tell me where we show our tickets.
→Please tell me where to show our tickets.
you don't hurry up, you'll miss the early bus.
→Hurry up, or you won't catch the early bus.
七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换
即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。
如:
1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
____ we ____ hurry, we ’ll miss the early bus.
分析:
答案为 If,don’t。
if 引导条件状语从句。
2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.
The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.
分析:
答案为 who/ that,will give。
who/ that gave us a talk last week 为定语从句,修
饰先行词 the man。
八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子
即运用关联连词 both…and…,neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…等将两
个简单句合并为一个简单句。
此时要注意的是,both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语总是用复数,而
neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常应与靠近的主
语保持一致。
如:
1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can ’t, either.
______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
分析:
答案填 Neither,nor。
neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”,刚好与原句的
两个否定结构的意思相吻合。
2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.
分析:
答案为 Both,and。
both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。
3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men ’s clothes.
This store sells ______ ______ men ’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.
分析:
答案为 not only,but also。
表示“不仅……而且……”之意。
hasn't been to France. She hasn't been to France, either.
→Neither he nor she has been to France.
roon isn't very big. It can't hold a lot of people.
→This room isn't big enough to hold a lot of people.
Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.
→Mrs Smith is not only my teacher but also my good friend.
九、变成含有宾语从句的复合句
首先要判断所给句子是哪一类型(陈述句、特殊疑问句还是一般疑问句),然后确定所需要的连词,同
时必须注意时态的对应和陈述句语序。
missed us very much. She told us.
→She told us that she missed very much.
Mr Nobel a teacher?
Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if Mr Nobel is a teacher?
's the foreigner from?
He asked.
→He asked where the foreigner is from.
十、用以 it 作形式主语的句型进行转换
不定式所表示的动作发出者一般是句子的主语,但有时却不是,这时不定式常会带上自己的逻辑主语,
这一主语通常由介词 for 引出。
can finish the work easily.
→It is easy for him to finish the work.
found to sleep was very difficult.
→He found it was very difficult for him to sleep.
learn English well is not easy.
→It is not easy to learn English well.
十一、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
这类典型结构如 so…that…,too…to…,enough to,not…until…,so do I 等。
要在把握句
意的基础上对原句进行概括表达,遇到困难要多换个角度去思考,需要反复推敲才行。
如:
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.
分析:
答案为 so do。
句意为“……他的父母也一样(一样想去)”。
2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.
John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
分析:
答案为 didn’t,until。
not…until 意为“直到……才”。
特别提示:
so...that...,too...to ..., enough ...to...是初中英语教
材中三个重要的句型结构,在一定条件下它们可以互相转换。
①so...that...与 enough ...to...的转换
当 that 引导的从句是肯定的,从句主语与主句主语相同时,so...that...可转化为
enough ...to... 结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so...that...可转化为
enough for sb. to... 结构.
Tom is so old that he can go to school.
→Tom is old enoughto go to school.
The box is so light that the child can lift it.
→The box is light enough for the child to lift.
当 that 引导的从句是否定的,从句主语与主句主语相同时,so...that...可转化为
enough... to...否定结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so...that...可转化为
enough for sb. to... 否定结构,但须注意的是,转换后的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。
The man is so old that he can't go to work.
→The man isn't youny enough to go to work.
The desk is so heavy that I can't move it.
→The desk isn't light enough for me to move.
②so...that...与 too...to ...转换
当 that 引导的从句是否定的,从句主语与主句主语相同时,so...that...可转化为
too...to ...结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so...that...可转化为
too...for sb. to ...结构。
He is so young that he can't go to school.
→He is too young to go to school.
The box is so heavy that I can't move it.
→The box is too heavy for me to move.
③enough ...to...与 too ...to...转换
enough ...to...句式为否定式时,可以转换为 too ...to...结构,但转换后的结构中
too ...to...的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。
He is not old enough to do the job.
→He is too young to do the job.
Tom didn't walk slowly enough for us to keep up with him.
→Tom walked too fast for us to keep up with him.
十二、用同义句改写
英语中有很多意义相同(相近)但结构不同的句型、句式,这些句型大多是学习的重点常见的有:
①not as ...as ...与比较级的转换;②than any other 与最高级的转换;③when(after,
before)引导的从句与 not...until 的转换; ④瞬间动词(come, go, leave, buy , die, begin,
borrow...)的过去时与含有一段时间状语的完成时的转换;⑤take, cost, spend, pay for 的转换;
⑥询问价格的几个句型的互相转换;⑦what 引起的感叹句与 how 引起的感叹句的转换等。
She spent 30 dollars on the English -Chinese dictionary.
→The English -Chinese dictionary cost her 30 dollars.
→She paid 30 dollars for the English -Chinese dictionary.
→She spent 30 dollars buying the English -Chinese dictionary.
How clever the man is!
→What a clever man he is!
How old are you?
→What's your age?
W e came home when it was six o'clock.
→We didn't come home until/ before it was six o'clock.
十三、用派生词或一词多义改写
此类题型可采用“词类转化法”,利用某些派生词或词性相异的词组来代替原句中的某些成分,此时
句子结构一般会随之发生一些变化。
例如:
The snow was heavy last night.
→It snowed heavily last night.
The foreigners have visited the Great Wall.
→The foreigners have been on a visit to the Great Wall.
十四、用介词短语改写
My brother went to college when he was s
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