江苏省百校大联考任务型阅读高考重点题型及易错点提醒doc.docx
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江苏省百校大联考任务型阅读高考重点题型及易错点提醒doc.docx
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江苏省百校大联考任务型阅读高考重点题型及易错点提醒doc
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.________
Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.________Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.
Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.________
Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.________Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.
IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight's,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.
Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.________“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.
A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.
B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.
C.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.
D.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.
E.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.
F.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.
G.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.
【答案】D;C;G;F;B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了睡觉对神经元的影响。
(1)根据上一句的Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.(实验室的小老鼠若不让它睡觉,它不到一个月就死了)可知,D项“同样,人若几天不睡觉就会生病。
”符合语境,故选D。
(2)结合上文提到睡眠帮助我们加强记忆,而C项中说“这就是为什么学生在学习之后有机会睡一觉的话,考试的成绩会更好。
”是对上一句的进一步说明举例,C项最切题,故选C。
(3)结合上文,上文Supportisgrowingforatheory…提及的是一个理论,选项G中的“GiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.(朱莉奥是提出这个理论的人)”正好呼应,故选G。
(4)根据下文可知,老鼠在睡眠结束时,突触会变小18%,表明睡眠时神经元会变弱,F项“托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑”与下文最呼应,故选F。
(5)根据上文讲述神经元虽然会变弱,但有些神经元会保持不变,再结合下文说,你记住了最重要的事,由此可知,B项“大脑似乎会保护最重要的记忆”与上下文的衔接最好,故选B。
【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤
1)分析选项,串联主题:
了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。
2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案。
3)复读短文,核对答案:
为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。
2.任务型阅读
ObservationalLearning:
ToSeeIstoKnow
Agroupofpsychologists,ledbyAlbertBandura,developedsociallearningtheory,whichemphasizesthefactthatmuchlearningoccursinasocialcontext.Thiskindoflearning,whichresultssimplyfromobservingandimitatingthebehaviorofothers,iscalledobservationallearning.Observationallearninghelpspeopleacquireproperbehaviorintheirfamiliesandcultures.Bywatchingothers,welearnhowtogreetpeople,eat,laughandtelljokes.Doyoustillrememberyourfirstfewdaysinseniorgradeone?
Bywatchingothers,youlearnedhowpeopletalkedtoeachother,whatclotheswere"fashionable,"andhowtointeractwithinstructors.
Withmodeling,youobserveothers'behaviors,andthennone,some,orallofthesebehaviorsmaybelearnedandrepeated,ormodified.InoneofBandura'sclassicstudies,childrenweredividedintothreegroups:
OnegroupwatchedanadultbeatingupaBobodoll,onegroupwatchedanadultignoringtheBobodoll,andthethirddidn'tseeanadultatall.Afterbeingmildlyfrustratedbybeingplacedinaroomwithtoys,butnotbeingallowedtoplaywithsomeofthem,allofthechildrenwerethenplacedinanotherroomwithavarietyoftoys,includingaBobodoll.Childreninthefirstgrouptendedtoimitatewhattheyhadseen,mistreatingthedoll(andinventingnewwaystoabuseit).
Researchershavediscoveredthatseveralcharacteristicsofmodelscanmakelearningthroughobservationmoreeffective.Notsurprisingly,themoreyoupayattentiontothemodel,themoreyoulearn.Youaremorelikelytopayattentionifthemodelisanexpert,isgoodlooking,hashighstatus,orissociallypowerful.Second,bywatchingothers,welearnaboutwhatbehaviorsareappropriateforpeoplelikeourselves,somodelswhoareseenassimilararemorereadilyimitated.Allstudentsneedtoseesuccessful,capablemodelswholookandsoundlikethem.
Then,asteachers,howcanyouapplyobservationallearning?
Hereareafewguidelines.Aboveall,modelthebehaviorsandattitudesyoudesireyourstudentstolearn.Forexample,showenthusiasmforthesubjectyouteach.Bewillingtodemonstrateboththementalandthephysicaltasksyouexpectthestudentstoperform.Second,usepeers,especiallyclassleaders,asmodels.Forexample,ingroupwork,pairstudentswhodowellwiththosewhoarehavingdifficulties.Third,youmayseekthehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviors.Examplesincludelettinghighstatusstudentsleadanactivitywhenyouneedclasscooperationorwhenstudentsarelikelytobereluctantatfirst.
ObservationalLearning:
ToSeeIstoKnow
________ Andapplicationofobservationallearning
Observationallearningislearningthatoccursthrough________ andimitationofothers.
Observationallearninghelpspeoplelearnhowtobehave________intheirfamiliesandcultures.
Modelsandtheir________
Modelsarethepeoplewhopresentbehaviorforyoutoimitate.
Bandura'sstudyshowsthatifchildrenobserveanadultbeatingupadoll,theywillbecome________.
Characteristicsofmodelsthatmakeobservationallearningmoreeffective.
Childrenaremore________ toimitatemodelswhoareexperts,goodlooking,powerfulandhavehighstatus.
Models________ toourselvespromoteobservationallearning.
Howtouseobservationallearningin________
Modelingthe________ behaviorsandattitudesisanimportantapproach.
Usingpeers,especiallyclassleaders,asmodelsisanothermethod.
________ thehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviorisalsoagoodchoice.
【答案】Definition/Concept/Meaning;observation;properly/appropriately/well;impacts;aggressive/violent/rude;likely;similar;teaching/education/instruction;desired/expected/target;Seeking
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍什么是观察学习,观察学习的应用,怎么将观察学习用于教学。
(1)考查信息归纳。
根据右边的内容:
Observationallearningislearningthatoccursthrough________andimitationofothers.可知这是观察学习的定义,故填Definition/Concept/Meaning。
(2)考查词性转化。
根据第一段中的“Thiskindoflearning,whichresultssimplyfromobservingandimitatingthebehaviorsofothers,iscalledobservationallearning.”可知将observing改成observation。
(3)考查词性转化。
根据第一段中的“Observationallearninghelpspeopleacquireproperbehaviorsintheirfamiliesandcultures”可知将proper改成properly/appropriately/well。
(4)考查原词重现。
根据第二段中的“Childreninthefirstgrouptendedtoimitatewhattheyhadseen,mistreatingthedoll(andinventingnewwaystoabuseit)。
”可知看见不好的行为的孩子自己也会学习,有虐待性,故填abusive。
(5)考查原词重现。
根据第二段可知这里介绍榜样的影响,故填impacts。
(6)考查原词重现。
根据第三段中的“Youaremorelikelytopayattentionifthemodelisanexpert,isgoodlooking,hashighstatus,orissociallypowerful.”可知填likely。
(7)考查句意理解。
根据第三段中的“Second,bywatchingothers,welearnaboutwhatbehaviorsareappropriateforpeoplelikeourselves,”可知和我们相像的人会促进观察学习。
like="similar"to,故填similar。
(8)考查词性转化。
根据第四段中的“Then,asteachers,howcanyouapplyobservationallearning?
”可知怎么将观察学习应用于教学中,故填teaching/education/instruction。
(9)考查词性转化。
根据第四段中的“Aboveall,modelthebehaviorsandattitudesyoudesireyourstudentstolearn.”可知将desire改成desired/expected/targeted。
(10)考查词性转化。
根据第四段中的“Third,youmayseekthehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviors.”可知将seek改成Seeking。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳,词性转化和原词重现三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识,写出正确的答案。
3.任务型阅读
Thistimeofyear,thousandsofcollegeapplicantswaitforenoticesandauspiciously(吉利地)sizedenvelopesfromschools,underterriblepressurefromtheirparents,friends,teachers,andthemselves.Astothis,Ioffersomeadvice,whichcomesnotonlyfromabitofexperience,butalsoabitofresearch:
justcooloutandcontinue,okay?
ManyparentsandstudentsthinkthereisaworldofdifferencebetweenthelifelongoutcomesofanAminusstudentwhogetsinto,say.Princeton,andanAminusstudentwhoappliestoPrincetonbut"only"getsintosomelessselectiveschool,likePennStateortheUniversityofWisconsin.TheyassumethatadecisionmadebyfacelessIvyLeagueadmissionsofficers,tosomeextent,willmarkthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureinlife.
Therearetwoimportantthingstosayaboutthisstress.First,toputtheanxietyintocontext,thekidsapplyingtotheseschoolsarealreadydoingquitewell.Seventypercentof29-year-oldsdon'thaveabachelor'sdegree,andthemajorityofBAsareearnedatnonselectiveschoolsthatacceptamajorityoftheirapplicants.Manyoftheapplicantshavealreadywonlife'slottery.
Butifthatdoesn'teasethenervesofthe40,000peoplewaitingonStanfordorPenn,hereisamoreencouragingconclusionfromeconomics.Formostapplicants,itdoesn'tmatteriftheydon'tgetintotheirtopchoice,accordingtoapaperbyStacyDale,amathematicianatMathematicaPolicyResearch,andAlanKrueger,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity.Theytrackedtwogroupsofstudents——onethatattendedcollegeinthe1970sandtheotherintheearly1990s.Theywantedtoknow:
Didstudentsattendingthemostelitecollegesearnmoreintheir30s.40s.and50sthanstudentswithsimilarSATscores,whowererejectedbyelitecolleges?
Theshortanswerwasno.Or,intheauthor'slanguage,thedifferencebetweenthes
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