英语专业四级阅读练习2.docx
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英语专业四级阅读练习2.docx
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英语专业四级阅读练习2
TEM-4Exercise10
Reading
Directions:
Thereare11passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).
Passage1
Questions1to3arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Canalsarewatercoursesconstructedtoimproveandextendnaturalwaterways.Theyaregenerallybuilttofacilitatetransportation,butfromthebeginningtheyhavebeenusedformanyadditionalpurposesincludingdrainingswamps,irrigatinglandforcultivation,andpromotingeconomicdevelopment.
Canalsareoftenclassifiedbythesizeofvesseltheycanaccommodate.Somesmalllocalcanals,whichareabletofloatonly100to300tonboatsorsmallraftsoftimber,maybeonly3feetdeep.Majorbargecanalsgenerallyrangefrom6to9feetindepth,andsomeareasmuchas10or12feetdeep.Thesecanalscancarry1,350to2,000toncraft.Shipcanalsare25feetormoredeepandarecapableofaccommodatinglargevesselsintheseagoingclass.
Canalsmayalsobeclassifiedaseitherwaterlevelorlockcanals.Waterlevelcanalsdonotvaryinheightalongtheircourses.ThebestknownoftheseistheSuezCanal,whichisatsealevel.Lockcanals,whichincludemostmodernwaterways,containlocks,orspecialdevicesforraisingandloweringboatsalongtheircoursesbychangingthedepthofthewater.Eachlockisastretchofwaterenclosedbygatesateachend.Afteraboatentersthelock,waterisletordrainedoutuntilitreachesapproximatelythesamelevelasthewaterahead.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
A.Howcanalsareconstructed.
B.Commontypesofcanalboatsandbarges.
C.Theworld'slargestcanals.
D.Howcanalsareusedandclassified.
2.Whatisthepurposeofacanallock?
A.Tokeepoutboatsthataretoolargeforthecanal.
B.Tomeasurethetonnageofcanalboats.
C.Toloadandunloadthecargo.
D.Tochangethedepthofthewater.
3.TheSuezCanalismentionedasanexampleofa______.
A.moderncanal
B.waterlevelcanal
C.lockcanal
D.irrigationcanal
Passage2
Questions4to7arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
GlacierNationalParkinMontanasharesboundarieswithCanada,anAmericanIndianreservation,andanationalforest.AlongtheNorthForkoftheFlatheadRiver,theparkalsobordersabout17,000acresofprivatelandsthatarecurrentlyusedforranching,timber,andagriculture.Thislandisanimportantpartofthehabitatandmigratoryroutesforseveralendangeredspeciesthatfrequentthepark.Theseprivatelandsareessentiallytheonlyonesavailablefordevelopmentintheregion.
Withencouragementfromthepark,locallandownersinitiatedalanduseplanningefforttoguidethefutureoftheNorthFork.Theparkisapartnerinaninter-localagreementthatcallsforresourcemanagingagenciestoworktogetherandwiththemorethan400privateownersinthearea.Adraftplanhasbeenprepared,withobjectiveofmaintainingtraditionaleconomicusesbutlimitingnewdevelopmentthatwoulddamageparkresources.Voluntaryactionbylandowners,incooperationwiththeparkandthecounty,ishelpingtorestrictsmalllotsubdivisions,maintainwildlifecorridors,andminimizeanyharmfulimpactontheenvironment.
Thewillingnessoflocallandownerstoparticipateinthisprotectioneffortmayhavebeenstimulatedbyconcernsthatcongresswouldimposealegislativesolution.Nevertheless,manylocalresidentswanttoretaintheexistingcharacterofthearea.Meetingsbetweenparkofficialsandlandownershaveledtoadramaticallyimprovedunderstandingofallconcerns.
4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.
A.theendangeredspeciesinGlacierNationalPark
B.theprotectionoflandssurroundingGlacierNationalPark
C.conservationlawsimposedbythestateofMontana
D.conservationlawsimposedbyCongress
5.WhyaretheprivatelandssurroundingGlacierNationalParksoimportant?
A.Theyfunctionasahuntingpreserve.
B.Theyarerestrictedtogovernmentuse.
C.Theyareheavilypopulated.
D.Theycontainnaturalhabitatsofthreatenedspecies.
6.Therelationshipbetweenparkofficialsandneighboringlandownersmaybestbedescribedas_____.
A.indifferent
B.intimate
C.cooperative
D.disappointing
7.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamajorinterestoftheofficialsofGlacierNationalParkisto______.
A.limitlanddevelopmentaroundthepark
B.establishanewparkinMontana
C.influencenationallegislation
D.settleborderdisputeswithCanada
Passage3
Questions8to11arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Mostearthquakesoccurwithintheupper15milesoftheearth'ssurface.Butearthquakescananddooccuratalldepthstoabout460miles.Theirnumberdecreasesasthedepthincreases.Atabout460milesoneearthquakeoccursonlyeveryfewyears.Nearthesurfaceearthquakesmayrunashighas100inamonth,buttheyearlyaveragedoesnotvarymuch.Incomparisonwiththetotalnumberofearthquakeseachyear,thenumberofdisastrousearthquakesisverysmall.
Theextentofthedisasterinanearthquakedependsonmanyfactors.Ifyoucarefullybuildatoyhousewithanerectset,itwillstillstandnomatterhowmuchyoushakethetable.Butifyoubuildatoyhousewithapackofcards,aslightshakeofthetablewillmakeitfall.AnearthquakeinAgadir,Morocco,wasnotstrongenoughtoberecordedondistantinstruments,butitcompletelydestroyedthecity.Manystrongerearthquakeshavedonecomparativelylittledamage.Ifabuildingiswellconstructedandbuiltonsolidground,itwillresistanearthquake.Mostdeathsinearthquakeshavebeenduetofaultybuildingconstructionorpoorbuildingsites.Athirdandveryseriousfactorispanic.Whenpeoplerushoutintonarrowstreets,moredeathswillresult.
TheUnitedNationshasplayedanimportantpartinreducingthedamagedonebyearthquakes.Ithassentateamofexpertstoallcountriesknowntobeaffectedbyearthquakes.Workingwithlocalgeologistsandengineers,theexpertshavestudiedthenatureofthegroundandthetypeofmostpracticalbuildingcodeforthelocalarea.Iffollowed,thesesuggestionswillmakedisastrousearthquakesalmostathingofthepast.
Thereisonetypeofearthquakedisasterthatlittlecanbedoneabout.Thisisthedisastercausedbyseismicseawaves,ortsunamis.(Theseareoftencalledtidalwaves,butthenameisincorrect.Theyhavenothingtodowithtides.)Incertainareas,earthquakestakeplacebeneaththesea.Thesesubmarineearthquakessometimesgiverisetoseismicseawaves.Thewavesarenotnoticeableoutatseabecauseoftheirlongwavelength.Butwhentheyrollintoharbors,theypileupintowallsofwater6to60feethigh.TheJapanesecallthem"tsunamis",meaning"harborwaves",becausetheyreachasizableheightonlyinharbors.Tsunamistravelfairlyslowly,atspeedsupto500milesanhour.Anadequatewarningsystemisinusetowarnallshoreslikelytobereachedbythewaves.Butthisonlyenablespeopletoleavethethreatenedshoresforhigherground.Thereisnowaytostoptheoncomingwave.
8.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?
A.Thenumberofearthquakesiscloselyrelatedtodepth.
B.Roughlythesamenumberofearthquakesoccureachyear.
C.Earthquakesareimpossibleatdepthsover460miles.
D.Earthquakesaremostlikelytooccurnearthesurfaces.
9.ThedestructionofAgadirisanexampleof______.
A.faultybuildingconstruction
B.anearthquake'sstrength
C.widespreadpanicinearthquakes
D.ineffectiveinstruments
10.TheUnitedNations'expertsaresupposedto______.
A.constructstrongbuildings
B.putforwardproposals
C.detectdisastrousearthquakes
D.monitorearthquakes
11.Thesignificanceoftheslowspeedoftsunamisisthatpeoplemay______.
A.noticethemoutatsea
B.findwaystostopthem
C.bewarnedearlyenough
D.developwarningsystems
Passage4
Questions12to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Beforethemid-1860's,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedatthisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stage-coaching,andsteam-boatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew"end-of-track"becameacenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870'sand1880'sandintothe1890's.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelater1860's,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainscityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadbillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.TheprimaryreasonwasskepticismthataRailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof
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