英语新题型5Word格式文档下载.doc
- 文档编号:900401
- 上传时间:2023-04-29
- 格式:DOC
- 页数:3
- 大小:90KB
英语新题型5Word格式文档下载.doc
《英语新题型5Word格式文档下载.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语新题型5Word格式文档下载.doc(3页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
TheVirtualOffice
A)Twentyyearsfromnow,asmanyas25millionAmericans—nearly20percentoftheworkforce—willstretchtheboundariesbetweenhomeandworkfarbeyondthelinesdrawnnow.Technologyhasalreadysoacceleratedthepaceofchangeintheworkplacethatfewfuturistsarewillingtopredicthardnumbers.Butnearlyalltrend-trackersagreethatmuchofthenextcentury’sworkwillbedecentralized,doneathomeorinsatelliteofficesonascheduletailoredtofitworker’slivesandtheneedsoftheirfamilies.Eveninternationalboundariesmayblurastheeconomygoestrulyglobal.
B)Between1990and1998,telecommutingdoubledfromabout3percentto6percentoftheworkingpopulation—orabout8.2millionpeople.Thenumbersareexpectedtodoubleagaininfarlesstime,withasmuchas12percentofthepopulationtelecommutingbytheyear2005,saysCharlieGrantham,directoroftheInstitutefortheStudyofDistributedWorkinWindsor,California.
C)Wirelesscomputersandseamlesscommunicationssystemsarealreadyintheworksandfuelingthetrend.Thevideophoneisnotfaroff;
anadvancethatmanyfuturistsbelievewillmakeevenmorecompaniescomfortablewithemployeesworkingfromhome.“Now,wecommunicateatthelevelofradio,”saysGeraldCelente,authorofTrends2000anddirectorofTheTrendsResearchInstituteofRhinebeck,NewYork.E-mailandthetelephoneareprimitive,heargues,andmakepeoplefeelcutofffromco-workers.Butonceeveryonecanseeeachotheronthescreen,long-distancerelationshipswillfeelmoreintimate.
D)Whatabouttheoffice?
“Today’sofficesareadirectdescendantofthefactory,”saysGilGordon,aconsultantbasedinMonmouthJunction,NewJersey,whohasspentnearlytwodecadesadvisingcompaniesonhowtoinstitutetelecommutingandmoreflexibleworkpatterns.“Theymaybebetterlighted,butthey’remuchthesame.”Still,Gordondoesnotthinktheofficebuildingwillvanishaltogether.Rather,theofficeof2020willbejustoneplaceforfocusedworkthatrequirestruecollaboration.Itwillalsobeakeysiteforsocializingandcementingtherelationshipsthatkeepabusinessgoing.
E)Physically,however,itmaylookquitedifferent.Thetypicalofficetodayallocatesabout80percentofthespacetoofficesandcubicles,withtherestgivenovertoformalmeetingrooms,Gordonsays.Thatwillsoonchangeto20percentforindividualworkstationsand40percentfor“touch-downspaces”tolandinbutnottomoveinto.WemaysitstillonlylongenoughtocheckE-mailandaccessdata.Gordonpredictstheremaining40percentofspacewillbedevotedtositesusedbyteamsandgroups,includingconferencerooms.Buttheywillnotlookliketoday’sdullconferencerooms.Instead,manywillbedesignedtopromoteconnectionandcreativity.
F)It’salsolikelythatcompanieswillsharespace.Insteadofmorehigh-riseofficetowers,therewillbemoremulti-usecenterssharedbyseveralfirms.“Youwillcallaheadandreserveaspaceandcheck-intime,andakindofconcierge(前台接待)willassignyouaspotandmakesurethat,asofsevena.m.thatday,yourphoneringsthere.”Withallthismobility,employeesmaylongforasenseofbelonging.Transitionalworkspacesmaybecomemoreindividualized,accordingtoGordon.“Alightedpanelmaydisplaypicturesofyourfamily,yourdogoryoursailboat.”FuturistLisaAldisert,aseniorconsultantwithaNewYork-basedtrendsanalysisfirm,suggeststhat,throughsophisticatedmicrochipapplications,arovingemployeewillbeablewiththeflickofaswitchtoalterwallcolorsandroomtemperaturetofithermood.
-7-
NewWorkRelationships
G)Thebenefitsofthesechanges,forbothworkersandcompanies,arealreadyevidenttomany.Compellingstudieshaveconvincedmanycompaniesthattelecommutingisaplusforthebottomline.Aetna,forexample,findsthatthepeoplewhoprocessitsclaimsproduceabout20percentmorewhentheyworkoutsideoftheoffice.Whatwillsomeothersideeffectsbe?
Noonecanguessyetjusthowthelegalrelationshipsbetweenworkersandemployerswillchange.Manyworkersmaymovefromasalarysystemtoanindependentcontractorsystem.Ortheymaysignonwithdifferentclientsonaproject-by-projectbasis.Companiesmightcontinuetoprovidebenefitstomanyworkerstoassuretheirloyalty.Inanycase,companieswillstilltrytofindwaystofosterasenseofidentitywiththeirproductsandservices.Todotheirbest,workerswillstillneedtofeelpartofateam,saysLeslieFaught,presidentofWorkingSolutions,awork/lifebenefitcompanybasedinPortland,Oregon.
H)Somefuturistsalsonotethattechnologymaychangethehierarchyofmostworkplaces.Infact,workmaybecomemuchmoredemocratic,ascompaniessharemoreinformationtogetthejobdone.Introducingsoftwaretostreamlinecommunicationswithinacompany,forexample,canalsomeanallowingaccesstoinformationthatwasformerlyheldbyoneortwopeople.Thatcanbethreateningtosomemanagersatfirst,butmanychangetheirminds,oncetheyseehowmuchbetterworkingrelationshipscanbe.“Oncetheygetonboard,manymanagersrealizetheirownlivesarebettertoo,”saysKathyKingoftheOregonOfficeofEnergywhosejobistopromotetelecommunicatingfromanenvironmentalstandpoint.
NewSocialLife
I)AgrowingnumberofAmericanworkershavealreadyhadatasteofthefuture.LeslieFaught“talks”viaE-mailwithcustomersandpartnersscatteredacrossSouthAmerica,CanadaandAsia.Shesaysbeingabletoseethemviavideophoneandworkwiththemviainteractivecomputerwillonlystrengthenpersonalconnectionsshehasalreadyforged.Nonetheless,beingpartofavirtualcommunitywillneverentirelyreplacetheneedforin-personconnectionsrighthereathome.That’swhyworkersofthefuturewillalsoflocktosatelliteworkcentersintheirneighborhoods.Manywillhaveamenities(福利生活区)—providedbycompaniesorentrepreneurs—thatbringpeopletogether,astheyusedtogatheraroundthewater-cooler.It’salreadyeasytoseeprototypesinplaceslikeSeattle,whereKinko’sandTully’sCoffeearenextdoor,andpeoplebounceinandoutwhiletheydobothworkandcommunityprojects.
J)Attheheartofallthesechanges,saysGilGordon,isthefactthatwehavefinallybeguntoseparatetheideaofworkfromtheplacewherewedoit.Andthatwillmakeblendingworkandfamilyaloteasierformanypeople.LikeJaneHansonandherhusband,manyfamilieswillfindlifelesshecticandmoreintegrated.
46.Since1990,thenumberoftelecommuters(peoplewhoworkfromhome,usingequipmentsuchasphones,faxmachines,andmodemstocontacttheircolleaguesandcustomers)hasbeenonthesharpincrease.
47.Officesinthefuturetendtolookdifferentandservedifferentpurposes;
theywillmostlikelybedesignedtopromoteconnectionandcreativity.
48.Intheyearstocome,theofficebuildingsmaynotdisappear;
they’llstaytherejustforfocusedworkandserveasasiteforsocializing.
49.Itappearsthatflexibleinworkpatterns,telecommutersaremostlikelytobemoreproductivethantheiroffice-basedcounterparts.
50.Futuristsbelievethatoncetheexecutivesrealizethepotentialbenefits,theywouldnotonlywelcomebutpromotethosechangesinworkplacesaswell.
51.Withallthesepossiblechangesinworkplaceorworkpatterns,peoplemayfinditeasiertodevelopaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenworkandfamilylife.
52.Futuristspredictthattherewillspringupmanymulti-usecentersharedbyseveralcompanies.
53.Inthe21stcentury,therapiddevelopmentofhightechandgrowingtrendtowardstheglobalizationofeconomyhasbeenbringingabouttrulydramaticchangesinthechoiceofworkplaceandeventhetraditionalconceptaboutinternationalboundaries.
54.Asameansofcommunication,E-mailandtelephonemaybeconsideredtobeprimitive.
55.Regardlessofotherworkplacechanges,employeeswillstillneedtofeelpartofateaminordertodotheirbest.
Translation
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
欢乐兴致是会传染的
正如歌里唱的那样:
“你喜笑颜开的时候,整个世界都与你同声欢笑。
”今天一篇发表在医学杂志上的论文作出这样的结论:
欢乐兴致是会传染的,人们甚至能把快活的欢呼声,传送给素不相识的陌生人。
随着skype、twitter、脸谱之类的社交网络的兴起,我们可以断言,互联网同样能产生这种效应。
这类科技更增进了你与朋友的交往,所以它应该能保留我们所观察到的那种情绪感染效应。
心情快活的人,往往处于社交网络的中心,拥有许多心情也同样快活的朋友。
快活情绪是以三度叠加的方式向外——向朋友们的朋友的朋友扩散。
获得一大笔外快,可以增加你获得快感的几率,但有限得很——比起你从结交一位乐天好友而获得快感的几率,明显要差多了。
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 题型