高考英语名词性从句用法详解.docx
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高考英语名词性从句用法详解.docx
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高考英语名词性从句用法详解
高考英语名词性从句用法详解
一、考点分析
在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句叫名词性从句。
因此,我们把主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句的高考考点考点引导名词性从句的关联词、名词性从句句法结构、定语从句与同位语从句的区别
二、专题讲解
知识点1)
引导名词性从句的关联词:
1.从属连词:
that,if,whether
①that本身没有意义,在从句中不做任何句子成分。
引导单个宾语从句时,that可以省略。
但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句与形式宾语it并存的宾语从句时,that都不能省略。
如果引导两个或两个以上宾语从句,第一个that可以省略,从第二个宾语从句起向后的从句中的that不能省。
例如:
1.Idon’tthink(that)sheiscoming.(可省)
2.Thereasonisthatheiscareless.(不能省)
3.Thenewsthatourteamwonthematchinspiredus.(不能省)
4.Idon’tthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.(不能省)
5.Hetoldme(that)hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtolivealone.
(第一个可省,第二个不可省)
②.从属连词whether和if
Whether和if是“是否”的意思,在从句中不担当句子成分。
引导宾语从句时(动词后面的宾语从句)二者可以换用,若宾语从句提前只用whether.但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句,及紧跟or/ornot结构或不定式时,只能用whether.
①Hewantstoknowwhetherornotyouagree.
②Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.
③Hewonderedwhethertoacceptorrefuse.
④Italldependsonwhethertheywilldotheirbest.
⑤Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.
⑥Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.
⑦Noneofthemcananswerthequestionwhetheritisworthdoing.
2.连接代词:
who,whom,what,which,whose及whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever
既保留原意,又在从句中担当句子成分。
既“谁,什么,哪一个,谁的,无论谁,无论什么,无论哪一个”。
以上这些词都是“代词”,因此常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语,不作状语。
注意:
what除译成“什么”,在从句中还可译成“所…的,所…的事物”=thething(s)that/which.
What(pron.)在从句中,必须做成分,常做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语
①Thisiswhattheyareafter.
②Thecityisfardifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.
③Sheisnolongerwhatshewasfiveyearsago.
④Whatismostimportantinlifeisn’tmoney.
注意:
whatever和whoever,whomever的功能
它们一般可以引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,并在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
此时,whatever和whoever不含疑问意义。
即whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。
Whomever=anyonewhom例如:
1.ThesepicturesaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______/______________Icantosavethem.
2.______/______________knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.
3.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto_______/______________wantstohaveit.
特别注意:
whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever即疑问词+ever的合成词还可以引导让步状语从句。
此时whatever=nomatterwhat,whoever=nomatterwho,
whomever=nomatterwhom,whichever=nomatterwhich
务必注意这些词引导名词性从句与让步状语从句的区别。
例如:
Nomatterwhat/Whateveryouwant,I'llbuyitforyou.(让步状语从句)
I'llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee.(宾语从句)
3.连接副词:
when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever
既保留原意,又在从句中做状语。
①Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
②Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.
③That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
练习:
1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
2.______surprisedmemostwas______suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That…whatB.What…thatC.That…whichD.What…which
3.______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
4.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
5.WorldAIDSDayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway,and_____therearemanythingsstilltobedone.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
知识点2)
四种名词性从句句法结构
1、主语从句:
(1)作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句做句子主语时主句的谓语常用单数,如:
Howwecangetthereintimeremainsunknown.
Thattheywillgoiscertain.
Whateverhedidwasright.
但当what引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的形式应根据句意确定。
Whatweneedismoremoney.
Whatweneedaremoreexperiencedteachers.
(2)有时为保持句子平衡,常用形式主语it代替主语从句,而把主语从句置于句末,常用以it作形式主语的句型有:
It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,quiteclear,unusual,etc.)+that从句。
如:
Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.
Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.
It+be+名词词组(afact,good news,nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。
如:
It'sapitythatwecan'tgo.
It'snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.
It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。
如:
ItissaidthatMrGreenhasarrivedinBeijing.
ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.
It+seem(看上去),appear(显得),happen(碰巧), matter(关系重大),turn out(结果),occur to sb. (某人突然想起)等不及物动词及短语+that从句。
如:
ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.
IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.
特别注意:
形式主语it与强调结构itis/was…that/who中的it的区别。
①ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.________
②Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.________
练习:
1._________theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.
A./ B.That C.What D.Where
2.________Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
A.If B.Whether C.Evenif D.When
3._________hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.
A.Whatall B.Allwhat C.What D.Whatthat
4.Whentheywillstart________notbeendecided.
A.have B.is C.does D.has
5._______certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.
A.Thatis B.Thisis C.Itis D.Ithas
2、宾语从句:
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)和某些形容词的宾语。
1.作动词宾语
Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?
你知道他们在等谁吗?
Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.他问这是谁的字典。
Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourplan.
解题技巧:
1.动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时,则要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。
如:
WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.
Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.
2.hate, like, take, owe, have, take for granted等表示“喜欢;痛恨;认为”的动词或动词短语和see to 表示“注意,留意”后有宾语补足语时,要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。
如:
Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.
2.作介词的宾语
Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.这要看他是否会来。
Iwascuriousastowhatwecoulddonext.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。
连词that引导的名词从句很少作介词的宾语,只在in,except,but,besides介词后偶尔看到。
形成固定搭配,inthat在于(因为),butthat要不是(只是),exceptthat除了……。
其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。
如:
Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.所得税过高是有害的,因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。
Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.
Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.
3.宾语从句的否定转移。
think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
如:
Idon'tthinkyouareright.
Idon'tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.
Idon'tsupposehecares,doeshe?
Hedoesn'texpectweneedworry.
4.宾语从句中的特殊疑问形式(又称双重疑问句)
在某些宾语从句中,宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词常被移到主句之前,构成特殊疑问形式,其构成为:
Wh-/ How do you + vt. +宾语从句的其他部分?
常见的用于此结构的动词有think, believe, consider, suppose, imagine, expect, guess, say等。
What do you think we will do next?
5.宾语从句中引导词that不可省略的情况
一般情况下,宾语从句中的引导词that 可省略,但下列情况下一般不省略that。
1)介词except, but, besides等后跟that引导的宾语从句时。
The American stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
2)that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。
I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.
He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul.
3)宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。
He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.
Mary said that, as she was not well, she could not get the highest score in the midterm exam.
4)有多个that引导的从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that常不可省略。
I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us.
5)当it作形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句后置时。
We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.
6)当when, who, what, where, why, how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.
6.宾语从句中的虚拟
在动词insist(坚持),order(命令),command(命令),suggest(建议),advise(建议),propose(建议),require(要求,需要),desire(要求,渴望),demand(要求),request(要求)等词后的宾语从句中,不论主句谓语动词用何时态,宾语从句中的动词一律用“(should)+动词原形”。
ShesuggestedthatRobert(should)gotoLondonandtrytofindajobthere.
7.wh-型疑问词除why以外,都可接不定式短语作宾语,相当于一个宾语从句,Why+动词原形,whynot+动词原形。
Heexplainedtomehowtodriveacar(howhecandriveacar).
8.时态的呼应与语序。
在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序,时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则:
(1)如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。
CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring?
Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.
Doyouknowwhohewastalkingwithateightlastnight?
(2)如果主句谓语是一般过去时,宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。
Hesaidhewouldcometoseeusthenextday.
IwantedtoknowwhetherhehadbeentoBeijing.
(3)如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等,不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
DickaskedLucyhowoldsheis.
Theteachersaidthesunrisesintheeast.
练习:
1.Hewasinterestedin________hehadseenattheexhibition.
A.which B.that C.allwhat D.allthat
2.Hemade_________quiteclearthathewouldn'tchangehismind.
A.this B.that C.it D.what
3.Idon'tknow_________.
A.whatwasthematteroutside B.whatthematteroutsidewas
C.whatwasoutsidethematter D.whatwashappenedoutside
3、表语从句:
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。
1、由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、“是否”。
这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),trouble(麻烦),problem(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等。
表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。
Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.
Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.
Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.
Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who,wha
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