非谓语.docx
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非谓语.docx
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非谓语
非谓语动词复习讲义
Ⅰ非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式
完成式
进行式
不定式
主动
todo
tohavedone
tobedoing
被动
tobedone
tohavebeendone
ing形式
主动
doing
havingdone
被动
beingdone
havingbeendone
过去分词
被动
done
Ⅱ非谓语动词的否定形式
在非谓语动词前加not,never.即not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing/notdone
Ⅲ非谓语动词的复合结构
不定式的复合结构:
for/ofsb.todosth.
动词ing形式的复合结构:
宾格或所有格+doing(-ing形式作主语时,用所有格+doing)
Ⅳ非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:
看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:
非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:
分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done;之后常用todo;同时常用doing.
动词不定式
一、常用形式
一般式todo,EversincethenIhavelongbeenlongingtomeethimfacetoface.
被动式tobedoneNobodylikestobelaughedat.
完成式tohavedone,tohavebeendone
Heissaidtohavebeenadoctor.
进行式tobedoing
Ihappenedtobelookinganotherway.
复合结构forsbtodosth
I’vegotsomepicturebooksforyoutoread.
Itwastoolatefortheretobeanybuses.
Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforittobereused
否定式nottodo/nevertodo
Idecidenottogotherealone.
疑问式whattodo
Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?
二、语法功能可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语和独立插入成分(即谓语除外)
(主语)Toscoldherwouldnotbejust.责备她是不公平的。
(宾语)WeareplanningtobuildaDisneyparkhere.
(宾语补足语)Theyhurriedlyendedthemeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.
(表语)Ourmosturgenttaskistomakeacarefulanalysisofthepresentsituation.
仔细分析当前的形势是我们最迫切的任务。
(定语)Doyouhaveanythingelsetoadd?
还有什么要补充的吗
(目的状语)Learnfrompastmistakestoavoidfutureones.惩前毖后。
(结果状语)Hemadealongspeechonlytoshowhisignoranceofthesubject.
他大讲了一通,只暴露他对这门学科的无知。
Idon’tknowhertospeakto.我认识她还不到能与她谈话的程度。
(原因状语)Weshallbehappytoco-operatewithyouinthework.
(独立成分)Toputitanotherway,doyoulikehim?
Tobehonest,Idon’tknowanythingaboutit.
1、主语
Tomasteraforeignlanguageisveryimportant。
It代替主语,而把不定式后置:
Itfeelsgoodtobeouthereforawhile.出来在这儿呆一呆是挺舒服的。
Itisveryimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.
Whattodonextremainsundecided.
forsbtodosth
Infact,itisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.
ofsbtodosth
Itiskindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.
Itwasfoolishofyoutobelievehim.=Iiisfoolishofyoutohavebelievedhim
这类表示不定式的逻辑主语性质或特征的形容词有good,nice,kind,wise,clever,foolish,silly,stupid,careless,impolite等。
right,wrong既可用于forsb.todosth.也可用于ofsb.todosth.
eg.It’sright/wrongfor/ofhimtodotheworkalone.
2.表语
Myjobistodrivethemtothecompanyeveryday.
Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.
ItremainstobeseenwhetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.
①Allthatwehavetodois(to)practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.
②Whatwehavetodois(to)practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.
3.宾语
DoyouwanttovisittheGreatWall?
Idon’twanttosoundlikeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.
接不定式做宾语的动词:
want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,afford,expect,
.
用it作形式宾语,后有宾语不足语
MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.
I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhattoexpectinmynewjob.
4.宾补在复合宾语中,动词不定式可以充当宾语补足语。
常见的动词有:
want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,cause,force,invite,warn,forbid,get,
Theteacheradvisedustohavearestfirst.
某些动词短语如votefor,callon,counton,relyon,dependon,longfor,waitfor等后面,也可以跟不定式作补语。
Withalotofworktodo,hedidn’tgotothecinema.
Let,have,make;see,notice,watch,hear,listento,feel
Havesbdosth/getsbtodosth
5.定语:
动词不定式作定语,与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
Ihaveameetingtoattend.Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.
Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Shehasachildtotakecareof.
Itseemsthathehasnopentowritewith.
区别:
Haveyougotanythingtosend?
Haveyougotanythingtobesent?
Eg.IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything____toyourson?
A.takenB.totakeC.tobetakenD.take
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.
③被修饰名词前有序数词:
Edisonwasthefirstscientisttobuildamodernresearchanddevelopmentcenter.
1.Everyonehadanapplicationforminhishand,butnooneknewwhichoffice_____.
A.tosendittoB.tosenditC.tobesenttoD.tohaveitsent
2.—Iwouldliketobuyanexpensivecamera.—Well.Wehaveseveralmodels_____.
A.tochoosefromB.tochooseC.tobechosenD.forchoosing
6.状语inorderto
目的状语:
ShereadsChinaDailyeverydaysoastoimproveherEnglish.
to
注:
inorderto可以位于句首或句中,soasto不能位于句首。
Toimprovetheemployees’workingefficiency,thesupervisor['sju:
pə,vaɪzə]管理者willallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.
Tosleeplateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.
★注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致
Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_____
A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplant
C.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretrees
原因状语:
常跟不定式作原因状语的形容词有
happy,astonished,glad,amazed,surprised,overjoyed等。
I’mgladtoseeyou.
Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)
A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed
结果状语:
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.Heistooweaktodothework.
Heisstrongenoughtodothework.
Hewokeupthenextmorningtofindthathewasinahospital.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
或用nevertodo
Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.
Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.
Helefthishometownwhenhewasveryyoung,nevertoreturn.
Eg:
Hewasbusywritingastory,only_____onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.
A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped
**onlytoo表“非常”、“很”
Theyareonlytooluckytogoabroadforavisit.
**toohappy/glad/pleased/eager/anxious/readyetc.=very
Shewastoohappytomeetheroldfriendinthestreet.
Shewastooeagertoseeherdaughter.
Eg:
---Thanksforyourtrouble.---Notatall.I’m___pleasedtohelpyou.
A.toomuchB.tooonlyC.somuchD.onlytoo
伴随状语asiftodosth
Hemovedhislipsasiftosaysomething.Heraisedhishandasiftogreetme.
Hepaused,asiftoletthepainfulmemorypass.
7.作独立成分:
Totellyouthetruth/Tobefrank,Idon'tlikethewayhetalked.
totellyouthetruth/tobefrank/tobehonest
tobegin/startwithtomakealongstoryshort长话短说
tobebrief简言之tobeexact精确地说tobesure诚然,固然
tomakemattersworsetosaynothingof姑且不说toconclude
三、不定式的时态
1.一般式:
表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动作之后,或
没有时间限制。
例如:
Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.(与谓语动作同时)
Shehopestogothereagain.(在谓语动作之后)
ItisnecessaryandimportanttoreadEnglisheveryday.(无时间限制)
Thefactorytomakeradiosisoverthere.(无时间限制)
2.完成式:
表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
如:
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
Sheseemstohavebeenateacherformanyyears.
3.进行式:
表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。
例如:
ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.
不定式的时态、语态填空一:
1)现在时:
一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
Heseemstoknowthis.
__________________________________________________ 我希望再见到你。
2)完成时:
表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'msorryto______________________________.对不起给你带来了这么多麻烦
Heseemsto______________________________他似乎已经感冒了
3)进行时:
表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
Heseemsto______________________________.他似乎在吃什么东西。
Rainforestsarereported______________________________.据报道雨林正被迅速地砍伐。
4)完成进行时:
表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
Sheisknownto______________________________formanyyears.
众所周知,多年来,她一直在做这项工程
Thenovelwassaidto______________________________小说据说已经被出版了.
Iregret__________________________forsomanyyears.我后悔和他呆在一起这么多年
不定式的时态、语态填空二:
1.Manypeopleareeager____________(talkabout)theirfuture.
2.Someofmyfriendsseem______________(make)theirplansnowadays.
3.Maryishappy_______________(make)agreatdecision.
4.Nowheisanengineer,butheplansto__________(change)hisfuturelife.
5.Heseemedto___________________(question)formanytimes.
6.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________(hold)inourclubnextFriday.
7.Ifeelgreatlyhonored________________(welcome)intotheirsociety.
8.Haveyoucheckedallthegoods______tothemedicalnextweek?
9.Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.
10.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle__________(hear).
11.Itremain_____________(see)whetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.
12.---IsBobstillperforming?
”
---I’mafraidnot.Heissaidto_______(leave)thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.”
13.Idon’tknowwhetheryou______________________________(碰巧听说了),butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.
14.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto___________(receive)intimeforChristmas.
15.Weareinvitedtoapartyto_____________(hold)inourclubnextFriday.
四、主动表示被动
逻辑上的主谓关系句中有动作的执行者
Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthisquestion
Withalotofhouseworktodo,Ican’tgototheconcertwithyou.
I’llgototown;doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourson?
部分形容词+不定式,与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系回头现象
Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.=Itisdifficulttounderstand.
Thechairiscomfortabletositon.
Excitingasitsspecialeffectsaretowatch,thereistoomuchviolenceinthefilm.
Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.
此类形容词有easy,hard,cheap,expensive,dang
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