HND商务会计高级outcome报告标准答案.docx
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HND商务会计高级outcome报告标准答案.docx
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HND商务会计高级outcome报告标准答案
HN[商务会计高级outcome—报
告答案
作者:
日期:
Indexpage
Indexpage
IntroductionBackground
Findings
Section1
Section2
Section3ConclusionReferenee…
Introduction
Background
SSPpicisacompanyoperatinginthefoodmanufacturingindustry.Itisengagedinfoodprocessing,supplyingallthemainsupermarketchainswithfirstclassprocessmeatproducts.DuringthelastfewyearsthecompanyhasbeendifficultbecauseoftheBSEandFootandMouthdiseasemadeadecliningdemandformeatproduct.Thebadoutstandingachievementstoppedin2004andapartialreboundinthemarketproducedanincreaseinturnoverbynearly15%.ItisexpectedthatthisreboundinthemarketwillgathermomentumoverthecomingyearandtheSSPplcisplanningtotakeevengreaterstridesforwardbyopeninganewprocessingplantinGlasgow.
Asrequestedinthechiefexecutivesmemoof30December,hereismyreportsummarisingandanalysisingthefinancialpositionoftheSSPplcfortheyear2003and2004.
Outline
Themainbodyofthereportwillevaluatefiveparts:
Part1---Analyzetheusersoffinancialinformationandthepurposeofusing.
Part2---Stateoffinancialsourceandcategorizewiththeircharacteristics.
Part3---ExplainthecashflowstatementofSSPplc.
AnalyzetherecentfinancialperformaneeandpositionoftheSSPplc.
(Includingmyrecommendationsabouthowtoimprovementofbusinessperformanee)
Findings
Section1.Usersoffinancialaccounts.
Usersoffinancialstatementsareagroupofpeopleororganizationswhousetheinformationtomakeevaluationsanddecisions.Usersoffinancialinformationcanbedividedintotwocategories:
internalandexternalusers.
statements.
Section2.Sourceoffinances
Torunabusiness,organizationsrequirefinancefordifferentproposesandforvaryinglengthsoftime.Inthefinance,wedividesourcesofcapitalintotwocategories:
equitycapitalandloancapital.Equitycapitalisthefinanceprovidedbytheownerandthereisnointeresttopay.Loancapitalreferstomoneythatisborrowedfromasourceoutsidethebusiness.Theinterestofloancapitalmustbepaid.Sourcesoffinancescouldbeclarifiedintoshort,mediumandlongterm.Theshort-termreferstofinancethatareborrowedforaperiodofnomorethanoneyear.Themedium-termreferstofundsthatareborrowedforaperiodofbetweentwoandtenyears.Long-termreferstofundsthatareborrowedforaperiodofmorethantenyears.
Inthecasestudy,thesourceoffinancesofSSPplcis:
tradecreditors,tax,bankoverdraft,debentures,ordinarysharecapitalandtheretainedprofitsfromlastaccountperiod.
Short-termsources:
1.Tradecreditors:
Tradecreditorsareproducedwhenthepurchaseofrawmaterialsorstockisdelayingtopay,thus,thereismorecashwhichwouldbeusedforotheruses.Thereisalsoaninterestfreewayofraisingfinance.However,thecreditcouldleadtopoorrelationswithsuppliersandthecustomersmayforfeitdiscounts.
Thecreditis妊44,000in2003anditdecreasedto^405,000in2004.Thepercentageofdecreaseis25.56%.ThedecreaseofcreditinfersthatSSPplchasagoodfinancialsituationthatithasastrongabilitytopaycreditsbacktosuppliers.Thiscouldimprovetherelationshipwithsuppliers.
2.Bankoverdraft:
Bankaccountholderscanprearrangewiththebanktodrawchequestoagreatervaluethantheactualbalaneeintheaccount.Interestshouldbepaidbycustomersandbankchargeswillapplywhereanoverdraftlimithasbeenexceeded.Bankoverdraftisflexibleandcheap.Ithasalowcost.Somesmallbankoverdraftevenhasafreeofcharge.
SSPplchadnooverdraftbutthenumberincreasedto86,000in2004.TheincreaseshowsthatthecompanyborrowedmoneyfrombankforitsexpansioninGlasgow.
Long-termsources:
1.Debentures:
Debenturesareloansmaketocompaniesthatcarryafixedrateofinterest.Thecompanyassetsnormallysecuredebentures.Debentureshaveafixedtimeperiodoranopentimeperiod.Theshareholdersarenotdebentureholders.Adebentureinterestispaidasanexpensenotanappropriationofprofit.
SSPplchasafixeddebenture(好,560,000)intheyearof2003and2004.Ittellsusthecompany'sfixedassetsaresteady.
2.Ordinaryshares:
Ordinaryshareholdersreceivingpay-outsfromcompanyafterprefereneeshareholdersarepaid.Ordinarysharedividendsarenotfixedandsubjecttocompany'periodicalperformancesanddecisionsofmanagementinpayingdividend.
InSSPCompany,theordinarysharecapitalis1,950,000ir£both2003and2004.Itinfersthatthecompanyhasasteadyoperationsituation.
3.RetainedProfits
Theretainedprofitisthefinancebroughtfromthelastfinancialperiod.Itisnotfixedandmaybeanegativenumber.Itpresentsoperationalsituationoflastperiod.
Theretainedprofitsdecreasedfrom505,000to420,000.Thepercentagechangeofdecreaseis16.83%.Thelowerratioshowsusthecompanyhadmadefewerprofitsin2003thenitwasin2002.
Section3.RatioAnalysis
1.MajorinflowsisNetcashflowoperatingactivatesof1,345,000.£
MajoroutflowisPaymentstoacquirefixedassets,whichtakes984,000.£
2.RatioAnalysis
ProfitabilityRatios:
GrossProfitPercentage=Grossprofit/Turnoverx100%
2003:
GPP=7,000,000/1^674,000x100%=5996%
2004:
GPP=8,037,000/13^382,000x100%=60.06%
Trend:
Increase
Analysis:
Theincreaseofratioisagoodsign.Thepositivetrendcanbeanindicationthatstockcontrolofmeatproducthasimproved,demandforthemeatproducthasincreasedafterthediseases,orpurchasingpolicieshaveimproved.Themanagersshouldkeepthegoodtrendandgoondevelopit,suchasimprovingmarketingstrategy,settingbetterpricingpolicy,orimprovingstockcontrol.
NetProfitPercentage=NetProfitbeforeTaxation/Turnoverx100%
2003:
NPP=£182,000/1^674,000x100%=10.13%
2004:
NPP=901,000/13,382,000x100%=6.73%
Trend:
Decrease
Analysis:
Thedecreaseoftheratioisabadsignthatitindicatesalowprofitofthecompany.FromtheP&LAccountoftheSSPplc,weknowthatalthoughthegrossprofitincreased,theoperationcostismuchhigherin2004;itleadstoadecreaseinnetprofit.Sothemanagersshouldthinkabouthowtodecreaseouroperationcosttohelpourcompanyearnmoreprofit.
LiquidityRatios:
CurrentRatio=TotalCurrentAssets/TotalCurrentLiabilities
2003:
CR=1,195,000/767,000=156
2004:
CR=1,248,000/701,000=178
Trend:
Increase
Analysis:
theincreaseofratioisagoodsign.Generallyspeakingahealthycurrentratioisatleast2:
1.The1.56and1.78indicatethecompanyisalittlebitovertradingandhavedifficultyinmeetingitsshort-termdebts.Themainreasonfortheincreaseistheincreaseinthetotalcurrentassetsanddecreaseinthetotalcurrentliabilities.Isuggestthatthecompanymaykeepmoreprofitfortheshort-termdebts.
TheAcidTestRatio=LiquidAssets/CurrentLiabilities
2003:
(谓95,000-608,000)/767,000=077
2004:
(1,248,000-7®6,000)/701.000=0.64
Trend:
Decrease
Analysis:
Thedecreaseisabadsign.Theratioshouldbe1:
1.Buttheratioinbothof2003and2004islessthat1.Andunfortunately,theratioisstilldecreasing.SSPplcmeetsaliquidityproblemthattheliquidassetsdecrease.Thecompanymanagersshouldpayattentiontothisratioandorganization'sdevelopment.
EfficiencyRatios:
FixedAssetTurnover=Turnover/FixedAssets
2003:
10,674,000/4,017,000=2.91times
2004:
10,382,000/4018,000=3.10times
Trend:
Increase
Analysis:
Wherethisratiogasincrease,thisisagoodsign.Itindicatesthattheexistingfixedassetsaregeneratingmoresalesandmaybeinvestmentinnewfixedassetsgascouldbebeenpaidoff.ManagersofSSPplcshoulddevelopandfocusonit.
DebtorsCollectionPeriod=Debtors/Turnoverx365
2003:
306,000/10,674,000x365=9.57days
2004:
462,000/10,382,000x365=12.33days
Trend:
Increase
Analysis:
ItisabadsignthatthereisnincreaseinDCP.ItindicatesthatSSP'smayha
poorcreditcontrolofpoorinvoicingsystem.Thebaddebtsmayalsoincrease.TheleadersofSSPshouldchecktheirinvoicingandremindersystemtokeeptheratioaproperrange.
InvestmentRatios:
InterestCover=ProfitBeforeInterest&Tax/lnterestCharges
2003:
0416,000/234,000=605
2004:
0135,000/234,000=4£5
Trend:
Decrease
Analysis:
Thisratioshowshowcapablethecompanyisofcoveringitsinterestcharges.
Thedecreaseisnotgoodbecausethecompanyislessabletomeetitsinterestpayments.
Buttheratioisstillinareasonablerange.Leadersshouldtrytoincreasecompanytokeepthisratioahighlevel.
DebtRatio=TotalDebts/TotalAssetsx100%
2003:
(767,000+£560,000)/(4,田7,000+体195,000)x100%=44.65%
2004:
(701,000+1,560,000)/(4,318,000+1^248,000)x100%=40.62%
Trend:
Decrease
Analysis:
Itisagoodsignthattheratioincreased.However,ahealthyratioshouldkeeparound50%.ItindicatesthatSSPhasfewerliabilitiesorkeepsmoreassets.Thesignshouldbekeptbymanagers.
3.Recommendation
AfterreadingandanalyzingthreeaccountsfromSSPCompany,IfoundsomeproblemswithitandnowIwillpresentmysuggestionsaboutthefuturemanagementinthesetwoparts.Operationalrecommendation
AratioofNetProfitPercentageshowsusthatSSPplchasahighexpenditureinoperationcost.Italsoindicatesthatthecompanyhasalowlevelofcostcontrol.Therefore,IsuggestthatSSPshouldtrytodecreasethecostsofsalesandtheoperationcost,suchasadoptingnewmanagementsystemandusingcontractorstof
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