Will Your Safety Harness Kill Youchinese version.docx
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Will Your Safety Harness Kill Youchinese version.docx
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WillYourSafetyHarnessKillYouchineseversion
WillYourSafetyHarnessKillYou?
你戴的安全带会杀掉你吗?
Workersandemergencyresponsepersonnelmustbetrainedtorecognizetherisksofsuspensiontrauma.
工人和应急反应人员必须接受培训
必须认识到悬吊创伤的风险
ByBillWeemsandPhilBishop
---比尔.威姆斯&费尔.比斯学普
Iwassurprisinglycomfortablewithmylegsdanglingrelaxedbeneathme,andmyarms
我的两条腿不受拘束地在我身下摇摆令我感到令人惊奇地舒服,并且我的两臂向外
outstretchedinaposturethatmusthaveresembledacrucifixion.Ihadnofeelingof
伸直的姿态使我一定类似象在受磨难,我没有压迫
stressandmusedastowhythiswasconsidereddangerous.IfeltIcouldstayinthis
的感受并且沉思为什么这样被认为是危险的,我感觉我可以保持这种姿势
positionforalongtime.Threeminuteslater,maybeless,IwonderedwhyIsuddenly
呆很长的时间,三分钟后,可能更少些,我不明白为什么我突然
feltsohot.ThenextthingIknew,theywererevivingmefromunconsciousness.
感到这么热.然后我所知道的事就是他们正在将我从失去知觉中苏醒过来.
Ihadjustexperiencedwhatcouldbedeadlyforyourworkerswhousesafetyharnesses.
我刚才所经历过的,这可能会是对你的使用安全带的工人致命的
Fortunatelyforme,mysuspensiontraumaoccurredinthesafeenvironmentofthe
幸运的是,我的悬吊创伤发生在加尔威斯顿的德克萨斯大学医疗分院的
researchwardofUniversityofTexasMedicalBranchHospitalatGalveston,Texas,
安全研究环境下.
whereIwasthefirstsubjectinaNASAexperimentstudyingorthostaticintolerancein
在那里我是第一个在国家航空航天局做研究实验宇航员正立位置的不忍耐性课题
astronauts.Yourworkerswon’tbesolucky.
但你的工人就不会有这么幸运.
Harness-InducedDeath(安全带导致死亡)
Widerangesofsituationsrequiresafetyharnessesofvarioustypes.Workersrequiring
大范围的位置需要各种不同类型的安全带,工人需要
fallprotection,workersenteringmanyconfinedspaces,mountainclimbers,deerhunters跌落保护工人们进入许多受限空间登山人员
inelevatedstands,andcaveexplorersalltrytoprotectthemselvesthroughtheuseof
高台猎鹿人,以及洞穴探险家,所有人员都会试图通过使用安全索具/安全带
safetyharnesses,belts,andseats.Whatislittleknownhoweveristhattheseharnesses
Allpersonnelshouldbetrainedthatsuspensioninanuprightconditionforlongerthanfiveminutescanbefatal.
所有工人都必须知道,垂直悬挂超过5分钟就会死亡.
/安全座来保护他们自己,较少被知道的是,无论如何这些索具同样也会
canalsokill.
杀死人.
Harnessescanbecomedeadlywheneveraworker
安全索具能变得致命.只要在垂直姿态并伴随着腿在
issuspendedfordurationsoverfiveminutesinan
躯体下不受拘束的垂直悬吊超过5分钟..
uprightposture,withthelegsrelaxedstraightbeneath
thebody.Thiscanoccurinmanydifferentsituations
这种情况会在工业中许多不同状况下发生
inindustry.Acarpenterworkingaloneiscaughtin
一个单独干活的木匠被他戴的安全带吊在
mid-fallbyhissafetyharness,onlytodie15minutes
半空,由于悬吊创伤,仅过15分
laterfromsuspensiontrauma.Anelectricalworkerisloweredintoashaftaftertesting
钟后就死亡,一名电工在被吊进一检测过有毒气体的轴筒内,
fortoxicgases.Heisloweredonacableandispositionedattherightleveltorepaira
他被缆索吊到正好维修接线盒的层面
junctionbox.Afterfiveminutesheisunconscious--buthisbuddiestendingthelinedon’t
5分钟后他失去知觉,但他的同伴还照管着吊索---根本没意识到,
realizeit,and15minuteslateradeadbodyishauledout.
在15分钟后拖出的是一具死尸.
Thecauseofthisproblemiscalled“suspensiontrauma.”Fallprotectionresearchershave
这个问题的原因被称为”悬吊创伤”,跌落防护研究人员已注意到
recognizedthisphenomenonfordecades.Despitethis,datahavenotbeencollectedon
这种现象几十年了,尽管这样,对此范围的问题的数据没被收集,
theextentoftheproblem;mostusersoffallprotectionequipment,rescuepersonnel,and
大多数跌落保护设备的使用人员,救援人员,安全和健康
safetyandhealthprofessionalsremainunawareofthehazard.
专家仍然没意识到这个危险.
SuspensionTrauma(悬吊创伤)
Suspensiontraumadeathiscausedbyorthostaticincompetence(alsocalledorthostatic
悬吊创伤死亡由正立位置不适当性(或被称为正立位置的不忍耐性)
intolerance).Orthostaticincompetencecanoccuranytimeapersonisrequiredtostand
正立位置不适当性能在任何时候发生,如一名被要求静静的长时间站立
quietlyforprolongedperiodsandmaybeworsenedbyheatanddehydration.Itismost
人员,并且这种状况还有可能因热和脱水而变得更坏,
commonlyencounteredinmilitaryparadeswheresoldiersmuststandatattentionfor
这种情况在军事检阅中士兵长时间立正时经常遇到,
prolongedperiods.Supervisorscanpreventitbytrainingsoldierstokeeptheirknees
长官们可以通过训练士兵们站立时微弯膝盖
slightlybentsothelegmusclesareengagedinmaintainingposture.
以让腿部肌肉处于供养姿态来预防.
Whathappensinorthostaticincompetenceisthatthelegsareimmobilewithaworkerin
正立位置不适当性的发生是由于工人的腿处在竖直的姿势时不稳定
anuprightposture.Gravitypullsbloodintothelowerlegs,whichhaveaverylarge
重力将血液拉向腿的下部,那里有非常大的血液存储能力.
storagecapacity.Enoughbloodeventuallyaccumulatessothatreturnbloodflowtothe
最后集聚足够多的血液以至于流回心脏右心室的血液减少.
rightchamberoftheheartisreduced.Theheartcanonlypumpthebloodavailable,so
心脏只能泵出可利用的血液
theheart’soutputbeginstofall.Theheartspeedsuptomaintainsufficientbloodflowto
因而心脏输出开始下降,心脏加速跳动以维持有足够的血液流向大脑
thebrain,butifthebloodsupplytotheheartisrestrictedenough,breathingfasteris
但假如血液供给心脏不够,加快的呼吸失效
ineffective,andthebodyabruptlyslowstheheart.
身体会突然减慢心脏跳动
Inmostinstancesthissolvestheproblembycausingtheworkertofaint,whichtypically
在大多数事例中解决这个困难时会引起工人昏倒,典型的结果导
resultsinslumpingtothegroundwherethelegs,theheart,andthebrainareonthesame
致将工人放平躺在地上,这样保持腿/心脏/大脑处于同一水平,
level.Bloodisnowreturnedtotheheartandtheworkertypicallyrecoversquickly.Ina
血液现在回流回心脏,工人会恢复得较快.
harness,however,theworkercan’tfallintoahorizontalposture,sothereducedheartrate
吊在索具中时,无论何样,工人都不会陷于水平姿态,因此,降低了的心跳导致大脑
causesthebrain’sbloodsupplytofallbelowthecriticallevel.
血液供给降到临界水平以下,
Orthostaticincompetencedoesn’toccurtousveryoftenbecauseitrequiresthatthelegs
不适当正立位置不会在我们身上经常发生,因为这种状况要求腿处于
remainrelaxed,straight,andbelowheartlevel.Ifthelegmusclesarecontractinginorder
放松/垂直/并且低于心脏,腿肌收缩,保持平衡和支撑
tomaintainbalanceandsupportthebody,themusclespressagainstthelegveins.This
身体,肌肉压迫腿部血管,
compressiontogetherwithwell-placedone-wayvalveshelpspumpbloodbacktothe
这种挤压加上身体里位置极佳的一些单向流动阀门,帮助使血液回流心脏.
heart.Iftheupper-legsarehorizontal,aswhenwesitquietly,theverticalpumping
如果大腿处于水平状态,像我们安静的坐着时,血液回流的垂直距离大大缩
distanceisgreatlyreduced,sotherearenoproblems.
短,血液循环回流就没有问题.
Insuspensiontrauma,severalunfortunatethingsoccurthataggravatetheproblem.First,
在悬挂创伤状态,多种不利情况使问题变糟.
theworkerissuspendedinanuprightposturewithlegsdangling.Second,theSafety
首先,工人以垂直姿势悬挂,腿悬吊着.其次,安全吊带挤压腿
harnessstrapsexertpressureonlegveins,compressingthemandreducingbloodflow
上血管,压迫血管使回流心脏血液减少.
backtotheheart.Third,theharnesskeepstheworkerinanuprightposition,regardless
再次,吊带使工人处于直立状态,尽管(不顾)他已创伤(失去意识),
oflossofconsciousness,whichiswhatkillsworkers.而正是这样(创伤加上直立)导致死亡.
PhasesofFallProtection
坠落防护的阶段
Therearefourphasesoffallprotection:
Beforethefall,atfallarrest,suspension,and
坠落防护共分四个阶段:
坠落前,坠落,悬挂和坠后营救.
post-fallrescue.Eachphasepresentsuniquesafetychallenges.Suspensiontraumacan
每个阶段都有不同的安全注意.坠落的所有因素都会
beinfluencedbyallaspectsofthefall,sotheyareallimportant.Aswithmanyaspectsof
影响悬挂创伤,这些因素都很重要.加强某一阶段的安全
safety,increasingthesafetyinonephasecancompromisethesafetyoftheothers.
性,可能会减小别的阶段的安全性.
Dependingontheharnessattachmentpointandthepositionoftheworker’sbodyatarrest,differentharnessattachmentsofferdifferentadvantages.
根据安全带系的点不同,和工人坠落后所处姿势不同,各种安全带各有优点.
Whatevertrainingworkershavereceivedwilldeterminehowtheyrespondtodifferentphases.
工人对坠落的反应取决于他们接受的训练.
Hereisabriefdiscussionofeachaspectoffallprotection.
以下是简要介绍:
Beforethefall
坠落前
Thekeyissueoffallprotectionbeforethe
这一阶段关键一点是遵守规定.
falliscompliance.Ifaharnessistoouncomfortable,
如果吊带很不舒服,不方便,或太干扰工作,
tooinconvenient,orinterferestoomuchwithtask
completion,workersmaynotusetheequipmentor
工人可能不使用或自己调整使之更易忍受.
maymodifyit(illegally)tomakeitmoretolerable.
Asecondmajorpointisthelengthoftheattachmentlanyardor,howfarcanaworkerfall
第二要点是系索悬挂高度,就是工人被安全带挂住前他可以跌多远?
beforehisfallisarrested?
Thelongerthefall,thegreaterthestressonthebodywillbe
跌落距离越长,被安全带挂住时身体承受的压力就越大.
whenthefallisarrested.Theshorterthelanyard,themoreoftenitwillhavetobe
系索越短,工人移位时就需要经常挪动系索.
repositionedwhenworkersaremobile.Amoveablesafeanchorisonesolution,butthis
使用一个可移动的锚固点是个解决方案,
situationisonlyoccasionallyavailable.
但是这种情况很少有可能用上.
FallArrest
坠落
Thewholeconceptoffallprotectionisthatworkerswhofallwillbestoppedbytethering
坠落防护的要点就是,工人坠落时,会得到悬挂系统保护停住.
system.Thelongertheattachmentlanyard,thegreatertheaccelerationtimeduringthe
系索越长,坠落时加速时间就越长,身体被悬挂时受到的压力就越大.
fallandthegreaterthestressonthebodyatarrest.Unfortunatelythepostureofthe
不幸的是,
fallingworkerisunpredictable.Dependingontheharnessattachmentpointandthe
工人坠落后被悬挂的姿势是难以预测的.根据系索固定点和工人悬挂时身体姿势.
positionoftheworker’sbodyatarrest,differentharnessattachmentsofferdifferent
不同的吊带系法各有优点.
advantages.Anattachmentneartheshouldersmeansthatanydragfromthelanyardwill
系索接近肩膀时,任何坠落都会使工人处于垂直状态.
servetopositiontheworker’sbodyinanuprightpositionsotheforcesaredistributed
因而悬挂时承受的压力会分布
fromheadtofoot.Theheadissomewhatprotectedifthelegsandbodyprecedeitinthe
在从头到脚各部位.如果腿和身体先于头部坠落,头部可以得到保护,但是这会在受悬
fall,butthisofferssomedisadvantagesafterthefallarrestiscompleted.
挂后造成问题.
Suspension
悬挂
Manysafetyprofessionalsnaturallyassumethat,onceafallhasbeenarrested,thefall
很多安全专家自以为是的认为,一旦处于悬挂状态,坠落保护就成功完成其工作了.
protectionsystemhassuccessfullycompleteditsjob.Unfortunately,thisisnotthecase.
不幸的是,事实正好相反.
Aworkersuspendedinanuprightpositionwiththelegsdanglinginaharnessofanytype
一个垂直悬挂着,双腿被吊着的工人,不管使用何种安全带,都会遭受悬挂创伤.
issubjecttosuspensiontrauma.
Fallvictimscanslowtheonsetofsuspensiontraumabypushingdownvigorouslywith
坠落工人可以用以下方法推迟悬挂创伤发生:
使劲蹬腿,把身体放平或使腿略高于身
thelegs,b
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