英语语言学考试十套题.docx
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英语语言学考试十套题.docx
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英语语言学考试十套题
英语语言学试题
(1)
11、Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'skoftherulesofhislanguage.
12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb.
13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsare
formed.
14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoforma
completestatement,questionorcommand.
15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.
16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakerto
something'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.
17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownasword
c.
18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+is→he's),BlackEnglishcandtheformofe.
19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,
whichiscalledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.
20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,iisaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,
overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.
I
()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformfor
anumberofreasons.
()22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginboth
ChineseandEnglish.
()23、Thecompoundwordookstoreistheplacewherebooksaresold.This
indicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeanings
ofitscomponents.
()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.
-1-
()25、Dialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialects
suchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithin
thevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmerican
English.
()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolated
andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversational
implicaturesarise.
()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-Europeanlanguagesaremainlyspoken
todayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.
()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeech
situationsknownasdomains.
()29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,
speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.
()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirst
language.
二
11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toforma
completestatement,q________orcommand.
12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs__g________.
13.Utteranceisbasedon________________;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceina
realsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.
14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.
15.Consonantsoundscanbeeitherv________orv__,whileallvowelsoundsarev________.
16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.()
17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.()
-2-
)18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.(
19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalled
)predicate.(
)20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.(
21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinct
)formoflanguage.(
)(22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。
)23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.(
)24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.(
)25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.(
30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview
31.maximsofqualityandmanner
32.blending
33.sociolect
34.subvocalspeech
35.contrastiveanalysis
英语语言学试题(3)
11.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeis
calleda_s_______studyoflanguage.
12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeets
withany_o________whenasoundisproduced.
13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoform
wordsarecalled_b________morphemes.
14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNPheboywholikeshispuppyconsistsofDet,Nand
S,withDetbeingthe_s________,NtheheadandSthecomplement.
-3-
15.AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,osuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctor
shouldfallintothecategoryof_d________.
16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismore
generalinmeaningiscalled_s________.
17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_a________rule,which,forthemostpart,iscaused
byarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,toone
another.
18.Onemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequentoccurrenceof_s________wordsandexpressions,whichmake
senseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithina
givensocialgroup.
19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h________,oneontherightandoneonthe
left.
20.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_t________
languageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.
21.()Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage
andthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.
22.()Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionof
speechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.
23.()Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.
24.()Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrules
thatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.
25.()Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,
emaleoccursonlyin
nounssuchasmother,womangirligressandsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.
26.()AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingand
apologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.
27.()Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;
thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thuspeddlewasderivedfrompeddleronthemistaken
-4-
assumptionthatthe-erwastheagentivesuffix.
)WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocial28.(
significanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.
)ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecritical29.(
periodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.
)Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoesensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediate30.(
guidanceforactualperformance.
英语语言学试题(5)
11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas________study.
12.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyare
collectivelyknownasi________.
13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,a________aredividedintotwokinds:
prefixesandsuffixes.
14.P________referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.
15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions.
16.Theu________meaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.
17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesina
genealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathas
ceasedtoexist.
18.R________arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.
19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknownas
languaget________.
20.Arelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessof
adaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda________.
-5-
)
21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.(
thus22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,)
makingthetwophonessimilar.(
alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofthemeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic,23.Semantically,
)
itscomponents.(
whoseoperationmay24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules,
)
changethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.(
)25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.(
26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextof
)
languageusewasleftuncons
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